The paper analyses the last will of Sigismund, a lawyer and advocatus (Polish: wójt, German: Vogt... more The paper analyses the last will of Sigismund, a lawyer and advocatus (Polish: wójt, German: Vogt) of Kulykiv (Polish: Kulików), drawn up in Lviv in 1551, in which the testator confessed to many years of adultery. The author presents the problem of a person leading a lifestyle that did not comply with the applicable norms and rules and that individual’s functioning in the urban community. The paper also looks at the application of inheritance law in Lviv and how the city authorities viewed the testator’s complicated family situation. The author presents material possessions owned and legated by Sigismund at the same attempting to estimate their value. Furthermore, the author draws attention to the testator’s unusual nickname, rarely found in written records, and the legal professions practised by Sigismund. The Appendix contains the edited source text.
They Serve, They Watch, They Criticize. About the Servants of Saint
Elizabeth of Turin
In the ... more They Serve, They Watch, They Criticize. About the Servants of Saint
Elizabeth of Turin
In the article, the author discusses the daily functioning of Saint Elizabeth of Turin’s servants. The article’s conclusions are based on Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum Sr. Elisabeth confectus – a testimony of the queen’s companions, which was written for the needs of her canonization process. Although hagiographic patterns which are present in Libellus, one can find interesting information about the daily functioning of a landgrafine. The analysis of her lifetime shows that the choices of that holy ruler had a huge impact on her household. It had to adapt to Elizabeth’s way of life, which was filled with strict customs, rules and sacrifices. What is more, it was obliged to participate in her strife towards an ideal Christian life. For example, it accompanied its landgrafine during the caring for lepers and imitated her in the ascetic practice of fasting. On the one hand, the source informs that the servants were doing it of their own will, on the other, it depicts their reluctance towards the acts of mercy. Based on the assumption that the emotions and experiences of the testifying persons percolate through the established pattern of hagiographic works
In the article the author examines questions relating to the position of sons-in-law in the early... more In the article the author examines questions relating to the position of sons-in-law in the early modern burgher families in Lviv. The conclusions of the article are based on sixteenth-century wills. As ego documents — personal documents — the wills contain information about private relations with the various relatives, serving as an irreplaceable source for research into the norms of family life. The problem of the relations between sons-in-law and the family of their spouses has not been previously tackled in the literature on the subject. Most authors have focused on analyses of the functioning of molecular families, leaving aside the relations between more distant relatives by blood or marriage. Yet sons-in-law are, apart from spouses and children, the family members most often encountered in last wills. The author’s analysis of the wills indicates that neither betrothal, nor marriage or payment of dowry put an end to contacts between the son-in-law and the in-laws. One the contrary, in burgher families sons-in-law often became associates in economic activities, representing the interests of not just their wives, but also their in-laws. At the same time, it seems significant that husbands of daughters were best captured in wills where there were no adult male descendants in the family, which enabled them, to some extent, to assume filial powers and privileges. At the same time, the son-in-law’s high position within the family may have made his father-inlaw — the testator — who was in conflict with him fear for the future of both his widowed wife and his orphaned children. Thus the position of the daughters’ husbands was not strictly defined by custom, and their role as well as influence in their spouses’ families depended on various factors, including whether the family was part of urban society, whether there existed personal ties or other male relatives
The main purpose of the text is to analyse the vitae (the Lives) of the Polish princessHedwig (Ja... more The main purpose of the text is to analyse the vitae (the Lives) of the Polish princessHedwig (Jadwiga, 1178/80–1243) who was commonly recognised as a saint. This is anattempt to show how the marriage of Henry the Bearded and Hedwig of Silesia wasdescribed in the Lives of the saint. The aim of the research was to examine the specificperception of social relations between sexes and especially the problem of the reversal ofsocial order and the issue of the autonomy of the princesses.
TESTAMENTARY FREEDOM, IUS COMMUNE AND PARTICULAR LAW (c. 1400-1620), 2023
The article attempts to approximate the inheritance law in force in sixteenth-century Lviv. It pr... more The article attempts to approximate the inheritance law in force in sixteenth-century Lviv. It presents the content of the regulations governing the process of intestate inheritance in the discussed period. The substance of the applicable regulations was juxtaposed with wills, the provisions of which violated the applicable law in various ways. It made it possible to capture the practice of distinguishing relatives and their disinheritance by the early modern burghers of Lviv. The article presents the conditions and legal restrictions that regulated the 'non-standard' conduct of testators.
The paper analyses the last will of Sigismund, a lawyer and advocatus (Polish: wójt, German: Vogt... more The paper analyses the last will of Sigismund, a lawyer and advocatus (Polish: wójt, German: Vogt) of Kulykiv (Polish: Kulików), drawn up in Lviv in 1551, in which the testator confessed to many years of adultery. The author presents the problem of a person leading a lifestyle that did not comply with the applicable norms and rules and that individual’s functioning in the urban community. The paper also looks at the application of inheritance law in Lviv and how the city authorities viewed the testator’s complicated family situation. The author presents material possessions owned and legated by Sigismund at the same attempting to estimate their value. Furthermore, the author draws attention to the testator’s unusual nickname, rarely found in written records, and the legal professions practised by Sigismund. The Appendix contains the edited source text.
They Serve, They Watch, They Criticize. About the Servants of Saint
Elizabeth of Turin
In the ... more They Serve, They Watch, They Criticize. About the Servants of Saint
Elizabeth of Turin
In the article, the author discusses the daily functioning of Saint Elizabeth of Turin’s servants. The article’s conclusions are based on Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum Sr. Elisabeth confectus – a testimony of the queen’s companions, which was written for the needs of her canonization process. Although hagiographic patterns which are present in Libellus, one can find interesting information about the daily functioning of a landgrafine. The analysis of her lifetime shows that the choices of that holy ruler had a huge impact on her household. It had to adapt to Elizabeth’s way of life, which was filled with strict customs, rules and sacrifices. What is more, it was obliged to participate in her strife towards an ideal Christian life. For example, it accompanied its landgrafine during the caring for lepers and imitated her in the ascetic practice of fasting. On the one hand, the source informs that the servants were doing it of their own will, on the other, it depicts their reluctance towards the acts of mercy. Based on the assumption that the emotions and experiences of the testifying persons percolate through the established pattern of hagiographic works
In the article the author examines questions relating to the position of sons-in-law in the early... more In the article the author examines questions relating to the position of sons-in-law in the early modern burgher families in Lviv. The conclusions of the article are based on sixteenth-century wills. As ego documents — personal documents — the wills contain information about private relations with the various relatives, serving as an irreplaceable source for research into the norms of family life. The problem of the relations between sons-in-law and the family of their spouses has not been previously tackled in the literature on the subject. Most authors have focused on analyses of the functioning of molecular families, leaving aside the relations between more distant relatives by blood or marriage. Yet sons-in-law are, apart from spouses and children, the family members most often encountered in last wills. The author’s analysis of the wills indicates that neither betrothal, nor marriage or payment of dowry put an end to contacts between the son-in-law and the in-laws. One the contrary, in burgher families sons-in-law often became associates in economic activities, representing the interests of not just their wives, but also their in-laws. At the same time, it seems significant that husbands of daughters were best captured in wills where there were no adult male descendants in the family, which enabled them, to some extent, to assume filial powers and privileges. At the same time, the son-in-law’s high position within the family may have made his father-inlaw — the testator — who was in conflict with him fear for the future of both his widowed wife and his orphaned children. Thus the position of the daughters’ husbands was not strictly defined by custom, and their role as well as influence in their spouses’ families depended on various factors, including whether the family was part of urban society, whether there existed personal ties or other male relatives
The main purpose of the text is to analyse the vitae (the Lives) of the Polish princessHedwig (Ja... more The main purpose of the text is to analyse the vitae (the Lives) of the Polish princessHedwig (Jadwiga, 1178/80–1243) who was commonly recognised as a saint. This is anattempt to show how the marriage of Henry the Bearded and Hedwig of Silesia wasdescribed in the Lives of the saint. The aim of the research was to examine the specificperception of social relations between sexes and especially the problem of the reversal ofsocial order and the issue of the autonomy of the princesses.
TESTAMENTARY FREEDOM, IUS COMMUNE AND PARTICULAR LAW (c. 1400-1620), 2023
The article attempts to approximate the inheritance law in force in sixteenth-century Lviv. It pr... more The article attempts to approximate the inheritance law in force in sixteenth-century Lviv. It presents the content of the regulations governing the process of intestate inheritance in the discussed period. The substance of the applicable regulations was juxtaposed with wills, the provisions of which violated the applicable law in various ways. It made it possible to capture the practice of distinguishing relatives and their disinheritance by the early modern burghers of Lviv. The article presents the conditions and legal restrictions that regulated the 'non-standard' conduct of testators.
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Elizabeth of Turin
In the article, the author discusses the daily functioning of Saint Elizabeth of Turin’s servants. The article’s conclusions are based on Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum Sr. Elisabeth confectus – a testimony of the queen’s companions, which was written for the needs of her canonization process. Although hagiographic patterns which are present in Libellus, one can find interesting information about the daily functioning of a landgrafine. The analysis of her lifetime shows that the choices of that holy ruler had a huge impact on her household. It had to adapt to Elizabeth’s way of life, which was filled with strict customs, rules and sacrifices. What is more, it was obliged to participate in her strife towards an ideal Christian life. For example, it accompanied its landgrafine during the caring for lepers and imitated her in the ascetic practice of fasting. On the one hand, the source informs that the servants were doing it of their own will, on the other, it depicts their reluctance towards the acts of mercy. Based on the assumption that the emotions and experiences of the testifying persons percolate through the established pattern of hagiographic works
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Elizabeth of Turin
In the article, the author discusses the daily functioning of Saint Elizabeth of Turin’s servants. The article’s conclusions are based on Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum Sr. Elisabeth confectus – a testimony of the queen’s companions, which was written for the needs of her canonization process. Although hagiographic patterns which are present in Libellus, one can find interesting information about the daily functioning of a landgrafine. The analysis of her lifetime shows that the choices of that holy ruler had a huge impact on her household. It had to adapt to Elizabeth’s way of life, which was filled with strict customs, rules and sacrifices. What is more, it was obliged to participate in her strife towards an ideal Christian life. For example, it accompanied its landgrafine during the caring for lepers and imitated her in the ascetic practice of fasting. On the one hand, the source informs that the servants were doing it of their own will, on the other, it depicts their reluctance towards the acts of mercy. Based on the assumption that the emotions and experiences of the testifying persons percolate through the established pattern of hagiographic works