To crystallize diclofenac (DF) from diclofenac sodium (DFNa), to micronize DF and DFNa, and to ev... more To crystallize diclofenac (DF) from diclofenac sodium (DFNa), to micronize DF and DFNa, and to evaluate in vitro aerodynamic performance of the jet-milled formulations From the acidic titration of aqueous DFNa, DF crystals were formed and were identified using thermal analysis, spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Following the micronization of the DF and DFNa powders, the recovered samples were imaged, and their particle size distributions were evaluated. Samples before and after jet millings were characterized, and in vitro aerodynamic performance testing was performed on the DF sample before jet milling and the DF and DFNa samples following jet milling. Hollow needles of DF were precipitated. With similar particle size distributions, the jet-milled DFNa sample from the collection bag, and the DF sample from the cyclone were used for further characterization. Despite different deposition patterns in the Next Generation Impactor, the DF hollow needles had a comparable respirable fraction percentage to the jet-milled DF and DFNa particles. However, the jet-milled DF formulation had the best in vitro aerodynamic performance. Hollow, crystalline needles of DF were formed and possessed promising aerosol performance in comparison with the jet-milled powders.
With the FDA approval of the first 3D printed tablet, Spritam®, there is now precedence set for t... more With the FDA approval of the first 3D printed tablet, Spritam®, there is now precedence set for the utilization of 3D printing for the preparation of drug delivery systems. The capabilities for dispensing low volumes with accuracy, precise spatial control and layer-by-layer assembly allow for the preparation of complex compositions and geometries. The high degree of flexibility and control with 3D printing enables the preparation of dosage forms with multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients with complex and tailored release profiles. A unique opportunity for this technology for the preparation of personalized doses to address individual patient needs. This review will highlight the 3D printing technologies being utilized for the fabrication of drug delivery systems, as well as the formulation and processing parameters for consideration. This article will also summarize the range of dosage forms that have been prepared using these technologies, specifically over the last 10 years.
Abstract: The present invention comprises a dry powder inhaler (DPI) that uses a patient&... more Abstract: The present invention comprises a dry powder inhaler (DPI) that uses a patient's inhalation flow to concentrate energy in an aeroelastic element for deaggregation and dispersion of a powder dose. The result is a DPI that delivers a dose independent of inspiratory abilities of the patient, solving a major problem of conventional DPIs. Increased tension on the aeroelastic element causes higher frequency vibrations and improved powder dispersion. The tension of the aeroelastic element can be modified prior to ...
This review is intended to provide a critical account of the current goals and technologies of pa... more This review is intended to provide a critical account of the current goals and technologies of particle engineering regarding the production of crystalline and amorphous particles. The technologies discussed here cover traditional crystallization technologies, supercritical fluid technologies, spray drying, controlled solvent crystallization, and sonocrystallization. Also recent advancements in particle engineering including spray freezing into liquid, thin-film freeze-drying, PRINT technology are presented. The paper also examines the merits and limitations of these technologies with respect to their methods of characterization. Additionally a section discussing the utility of creating amorphous and crystalline formulation approaches in regards to bioavailability and utility in formulation is presented.
Abstract: Swellable particles for delivery of a drug or other working agent to the pulmonary syst... more Abstract: Swellable particles for delivery of a drug or other working agent to the pulmonary system are provided. The swellable particles include a dehydrated (dry) aerodynamic particle diameter of 5 μm or less to enable delivery to the respiratory tract, such as for example to the tracheo-bronchial airways of the upper respiratory tract and/or to the alveolic regions of the deep lung, and a hydrated particle diameter that is greater than 6 μm volume mean diameter to retard or prevent their phagocytosis by the macrophages present in ...
Disclosed are aerosol-mediated methods for synthesizing particles for biomedical and drug deliver... more Disclosed are aerosol-mediated methods for synthesizing particles for biomedical and drug delivery applications. The method is based on the production of particles from sprayed polymeric micro or nano-droplets obtained by, for example, an air-jet nebulization process that is followed by gelation and/or hardening in a crosslinking fluid, non-solvent, precipitating solvent, or supercritical fluid.
The objective of this study was to develop a functionally enhanced antibiotic that would improve ... more The objective of this study was to develop a functionally enhanced antibiotic that would improve the therapeutic activity against bacterial biofilms. Tobramycin was chemically conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) via site specific conjugation to form PEGylated-tobramycin (Tob-PEG). The antibacterial efficacy of Tob-PEG, as compared to tobramycin, was assessed on the planktonic phase and biofilms phase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) of Tob-PEG was higher (13.9 µmol/L) than that of tobramycin (1.4 µmol/L) in the planktonic phases. In contrast, the Tob-PEG was approximately 3.2 fold more effective in eliminating bacterial biofilms than tobramycin. Specifically, Tob-PEG had MIC80 lower than those exhibited by tobramycin (27.8 µmol/L vs 89.8 µmol/L). Confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope findings further confirmed these data. Thus, modification of antimicrobial as by PEGylation appears to be a promising approach ...
To crystallize diclofenac (DF) from diclofenac sodium (DFNa), to micronize DF and DFNa, and to ev... more To crystallize diclofenac (DF) from diclofenac sodium (DFNa), to micronize DF and DFNa, and to evaluate in vitro aerodynamic performance of the jet-milled formulations From the acidic titration of aqueous DFNa, DF crystals were formed and were identified using thermal analysis, spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Following the micronization of the DF and DFNa powders, the recovered samples were imaged, and their particle size distributions were evaluated. Samples before and after jet millings were characterized, and in vitro aerodynamic performance testing was performed on the DF sample before jet milling and the DF and DFNa samples following jet milling. Hollow needles of DF were precipitated. With similar particle size distributions, the jet-milled DFNa sample from the collection bag, and the DF sample from the cyclone were used for further characterization. Despite different deposition patterns in the Next Generation Impactor, the DF hollow needles had a comparable respirable fraction percentage to the jet-milled DF and DFNa particles. However, the jet-milled DF formulation had the best in vitro aerodynamic performance. Hollow, crystalline needles of DF were formed and possessed promising aerosol performance in comparison with the jet-milled powders.
With the FDA approval of the first 3D printed tablet, Spritam®, there is now precedence set for t... more With the FDA approval of the first 3D printed tablet, Spritam®, there is now precedence set for the utilization of 3D printing for the preparation of drug delivery systems. The capabilities for dispensing low volumes with accuracy, precise spatial control and layer-by-layer assembly allow for the preparation of complex compositions and geometries. The high degree of flexibility and control with 3D printing enables the preparation of dosage forms with multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients with complex and tailored release profiles. A unique opportunity for this technology for the preparation of personalized doses to address individual patient needs. This review will highlight the 3D printing technologies being utilized for the fabrication of drug delivery systems, as well as the formulation and processing parameters for consideration. This article will also summarize the range of dosage forms that have been prepared using these technologies, specifically over the last 10 years.
Abstract: The present invention comprises a dry powder inhaler (DPI) that uses a patient&... more Abstract: The present invention comprises a dry powder inhaler (DPI) that uses a patient's inhalation flow to concentrate energy in an aeroelastic element for deaggregation and dispersion of a powder dose. The result is a DPI that delivers a dose independent of inspiratory abilities of the patient, solving a major problem of conventional DPIs. Increased tension on the aeroelastic element causes higher frequency vibrations and improved powder dispersion. The tension of the aeroelastic element can be modified prior to ...
This review is intended to provide a critical account of the current goals and technologies of pa... more This review is intended to provide a critical account of the current goals and technologies of particle engineering regarding the production of crystalline and amorphous particles. The technologies discussed here cover traditional crystallization technologies, supercritical fluid technologies, spray drying, controlled solvent crystallization, and sonocrystallization. Also recent advancements in particle engineering including spray freezing into liquid, thin-film freeze-drying, PRINT technology are presented. The paper also examines the merits and limitations of these technologies with respect to their methods of characterization. Additionally a section discussing the utility of creating amorphous and crystalline formulation approaches in regards to bioavailability and utility in formulation is presented.
Abstract: Swellable particles for delivery of a drug or other working agent to the pulmonary syst... more Abstract: Swellable particles for delivery of a drug or other working agent to the pulmonary system are provided. The swellable particles include a dehydrated (dry) aerodynamic particle diameter of 5 μm or less to enable delivery to the respiratory tract, such as for example to the tracheo-bronchial airways of the upper respiratory tract and/or to the alveolic regions of the deep lung, and a hydrated particle diameter that is greater than 6 μm volume mean diameter to retard or prevent their phagocytosis by the macrophages present in ...
Disclosed are aerosol-mediated methods for synthesizing particles for biomedical and drug deliver... more Disclosed are aerosol-mediated methods for synthesizing particles for biomedical and drug delivery applications. The method is based on the production of particles from sprayed polymeric micro or nano-droplets obtained by, for example, an air-jet nebulization process that is followed by gelation and/or hardening in a crosslinking fluid, non-solvent, precipitating solvent, or supercritical fluid.
The objective of this study was to develop a functionally enhanced antibiotic that would improve ... more The objective of this study was to develop a functionally enhanced antibiotic that would improve the therapeutic activity against bacterial biofilms. Tobramycin was chemically conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) via site specific conjugation to form PEGylated-tobramycin (Tob-PEG). The antibacterial efficacy of Tob-PEG, as compared to tobramycin, was assessed on the planktonic phase and biofilms phase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) of Tob-PEG was higher (13.9 µmol/L) than that of tobramycin (1.4 µmol/L) in the planktonic phases. In contrast, the Tob-PEG was approximately 3.2 fold more effective in eliminating bacterial biofilms than tobramycin. Specifically, Tob-PEG had MIC80 lower than those exhibited by tobramycin (27.8 µmol/L vs 89.8 µmol/L). Confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope findings further confirmed these data. Thus, modification of antimicrobial as by PEGylation appears to be a promising approach ...
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