The main goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of empirical expressions to estimate th... more The main goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of empirical expressions to estimate the downward longwave atmospheric radiation at the surface in the city of São Paulo. The observations of atmospheric emission, temperature and relative humidity were carried out in the micrometeorological platform, located in the IAG-USP building, during 12 clear sky days in 2005. The evolution of 5 minutes average atmospheric emission values were estimated using 10 expressions available in the literature. The comparison indicated that the expression proposed by Brunt performed better, with the smallest MBE and RMSE and a coefficient of determination equal to 0.64. Palavras-Chave: Radiação de onda longa, Cidade de São Paulo, Métodos empíricos. 1 Group of Micrometeorology, Department of Atmospheric Science, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508.090, T.+55-11-3091-4702; F. +55-11-3091-4714 (edbarbaro@model.iag.usp.br). 2 Department of Natural Resources, Sch...
The city of São Paulo (Fig. 1), with about 11 millions habitants, together with 39 other smaller ... more The city of São Paulo (Fig. 1), with about 11 millions habitants, together with 39 other smaller cities, forms the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). This region, located about 60 km far from the Atlantic Ocean, is occupied by 20.5 millions of habitants and has approximately 7 millions of vehicles. The MRSP has an area of 8,051 km and it is the largest urban area in South America and one of the 10 largest in the world (Codato et al., 2007).
Abstract Purpose The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years bu... more Abstract Purpose The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years but there are still important gaps that need to be addressed especially related to the effects of high natural background radiation on the local population. The beach of Meaípe, in the city of Guarapari (Brazil), emits natural gamma radiation due to the presence of monazite sands. We aimed to investigate the effects of gamma radiation doses on the biological system of wistar rats using a physical simulator of gamma radiation designed using Meaípe monazite sands. Methods Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups, submitted to no radiation (control group) and to continuous radiation levels, one of very high level (20 μSv h−1) and another of high level (3.6 μSv h−1). The three group of animals were monitored weekly for 3 months and at the end of the study the animals were sacrificed, and the organs were extracted and weighed for anthropometric, oxidative stress and histological evaluations. Results Exposure to radiation released by the monazite sands did not cause anthropometric alterations or blood pressure change in the animals. Similarly, there was no change in the quantification of ovarian follicles between the radiation groups and the control group. There was no difference in the oxidative stress quantification by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and advanced oxidation protein product methods in the ovaries. There were no evidenced damages in the structure of the renal tissue. It was observed the presence of granulomas in the hepatic tissue and alterations in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the continuous exposure of females rats to 3.6 and 20 μSv h−1 doses of gamma radiation slightly affected the hepatic tissue, but did not alter the histological parameters in the kidneys and ovaries and oxidative stress.
RESUMO: No trabalho e apresentado os valores medios mensais das radiacoes solar global, direta e ... more RESUMO: No trabalho e apresentado os valores medios mensais das radiacoes solar global, direta e difusa do espectro total e das radiacoes PAR-global, PAR-direta e PAR-difusa do espectro PAR, calculados a partir de uma base de dados dessas radiacoes medidas num periodo de 15meses em Botucatu /SP/Brasil. Determinou-se ainda os seguintes parâmetros: valores medios mensais da transmissividade atmosferica das radiacoes solar global, difusa e direta dos espectros total e PAR; valores medios mensais da fracao PAR/global da radiacao global, fracao PAR-difusa da radiacao difusa e fracao PAR-direta da radiacao direta; valores medio mensais das fracoes difusa e direta da radiacao global e das fracoes Par-difusa e PARdireta da radiacao da PAR-global.
... PROBABILIDADE INCONDICIONAL DO DIA INICIAL F ( S ) Figura 6 -, Probabilidade condicional e in... more ... PROBABILIDADE INCONDICIONAL DO DIA INICIAL F ( S ) Figura 6 -, Probabilidade condicional e incondicional da temperatura mínima.diária ser inferior a 10oC. ... Esse horário coin-cide com o horário preferencial de penetração da brisa ma rltima na cidade de São Paulo. ...
RESUMO: No trabalho é apresentada à série diurno/noturna (anual e mensal) da radiação de onda lon... more RESUMO: No trabalho é apresentada à série diurno/noturna (anual e mensal) da radiação de onda longa (LW) horária, medida no período de 2000 a 2006 em Botucatu/SP/Brasil. A irradiação LW horária em MJ/m2 mostrou ser dependente da radiação de ondas curtas SW e das variações de parâmetros meteorológicos da atmosfera local como temperatura, umidade e nebulosidade. Os valores de LW foram mais elevados no verão onde a radiação SW, temperatura, nebulosidade, vapor dagua são mais elevadas do ano, e os menores ...
Anais do 8º Congreso iberoamericano de ingenieria mecanica, Cusco, Peru. 8º Congreso iberoamericano de ingenieria mecanica.(CDROM), 2007
RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução temporal das componentes do balanço d... more RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução temporal das componentes do balanço de radiação na superfície da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo durante o ano de 2004. E avaliar a possibilidade de utilizar estimativas de satélite para representar os padrões espaciais das componentes do balanço de radiação na superfície da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo. As observações na plataforma micrometeorológica do Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências ...
This work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradian... more This work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradiance (LW) at the surface in São Paulo, Brazil, using 5-min-averaged values of LW, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation observed continuously and simultaneously from 1997 to 2006 on a micrometeorological platform, located at the top of a 4-story building. An objective procedure, including 2-step filtering and dome emission effect correction, was used to evaluate the quality of the 9-yr-long LW dataset. The comparison between LW values observed and yielded by the Surface Radiation Budget project shows spatial and temporal agreement, indicating that monthly and annual average values of LW observed in one point of São Paulo can be used as representative of the entire metropolitan region of São Paulo. The maximum monthly averaged value of the LW is observed during summer (389 6 14 W m; January), and the minimum is observed during winter (332 6 12 W m; July). The effective emi...
The main goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of empirical expressions to estimate th... more The main goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of empirical expressions to estimate the downward longwave atmospheric radiation at the surface in the city of São Paulo. The observations of atmospheric emission, temperature and relative humidity were carried out in the micrometeorological platform, located in the IAG-USP building, during 12 clear sky days in 2005. The evolution of 5 minutes average atmospheric emission values were estimated using 10 expressions available in the literature. The comparison indicated that the expression proposed by Brunt performed better, with the smallest MBE and RMSE and a coefficient of determination equal to 0.64. Palavras-Chave: Radiação de onda longa, Cidade de São Paulo, Métodos empíricos. 1 Group of Micrometeorology, Department of Atmospheric Science, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508.090, T.+55-11-3091-4702; F. +55-11-3091-4714 (edbarbaro@model.iag.usp.br). 2 Department of Natural Resources, Sch...
The city of São Paulo (Fig. 1), with about 11 millions habitants, together with 39 other smaller ... more The city of São Paulo (Fig. 1), with about 11 millions habitants, together with 39 other smaller cities, forms the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). This region, located about 60 km far from the Atlantic Ocean, is occupied by 20.5 millions of habitants and has approximately 7 millions of vehicles. The MRSP has an area of 8,051 km and it is the largest urban area in South America and one of the 10 largest in the world (Codato et al., 2007).
Abstract Purpose The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years bu... more Abstract Purpose The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years but there are still important gaps that need to be addressed especially related to the effects of high natural background radiation on the local population. The beach of Meaípe, in the city of Guarapari (Brazil), emits natural gamma radiation due to the presence of monazite sands. We aimed to investigate the effects of gamma radiation doses on the biological system of wistar rats using a physical simulator of gamma radiation designed using Meaípe monazite sands. Methods Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups, submitted to no radiation (control group) and to continuous radiation levels, one of very high level (20 μSv h−1) and another of high level (3.6 μSv h−1). The three group of animals were monitored weekly for 3 months and at the end of the study the animals were sacrificed, and the organs were extracted and weighed for anthropometric, oxidative stress and histological evaluations. Results Exposure to radiation released by the monazite sands did not cause anthropometric alterations or blood pressure change in the animals. Similarly, there was no change in the quantification of ovarian follicles between the radiation groups and the control group. There was no difference in the oxidative stress quantification by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and advanced oxidation protein product methods in the ovaries. There were no evidenced damages in the structure of the renal tissue. It was observed the presence of granulomas in the hepatic tissue and alterations in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the continuous exposure of females rats to 3.6 and 20 μSv h−1 doses of gamma radiation slightly affected the hepatic tissue, but did not alter the histological parameters in the kidneys and ovaries and oxidative stress.
RESUMO: No trabalho e apresentado os valores medios mensais das radiacoes solar global, direta e ... more RESUMO: No trabalho e apresentado os valores medios mensais das radiacoes solar global, direta e difusa do espectro total e das radiacoes PAR-global, PAR-direta e PAR-difusa do espectro PAR, calculados a partir de uma base de dados dessas radiacoes medidas num periodo de 15meses em Botucatu /SP/Brasil. Determinou-se ainda os seguintes parâmetros: valores medios mensais da transmissividade atmosferica das radiacoes solar global, difusa e direta dos espectros total e PAR; valores medios mensais da fracao PAR/global da radiacao global, fracao PAR-difusa da radiacao difusa e fracao PAR-direta da radiacao direta; valores medio mensais das fracoes difusa e direta da radiacao global e das fracoes Par-difusa e PARdireta da radiacao da PAR-global.
... PROBABILIDADE INCONDICIONAL DO DIA INICIAL F ( S ) Figura 6 -, Probabilidade condicional e in... more ... PROBABILIDADE INCONDICIONAL DO DIA INICIAL F ( S ) Figura 6 -, Probabilidade condicional e incondicional da temperatura mínima.diária ser inferior a 10oC. ... Esse horário coin-cide com o horário preferencial de penetração da brisa ma rltima na cidade de São Paulo. ...
RESUMO: No trabalho é apresentada à série diurno/noturna (anual e mensal) da radiação de onda lon... more RESUMO: No trabalho é apresentada à série diurno/noturna (anual e mensal) da radiação de onda longa (LW) horária, medida no período de 2000 a 2006 em Botucatu/SP/Brasil. A irradiação LW horária em MJ/m2 mostrou ser dependente da radiação de ondas curtas SW e das variações de parâmetros meteorológicos da atmosfera local como temperatura, umidade e nebulosidade. Os valores de LW foram mais elevados no verão onde a radiação SW, temperatura, nebulosidade, vapor dagua são mais elevadas do ano, e os menores ...
Anais do 8º Congreso iberoamericano de ingenieria mecanica, Cusco, Peru. 8º Congreso iberoamericano de ingenieria mecanica.(CDROM), 2007
RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução temporal das componentes do balanço d... more RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução temporal das componentes do balanço de radiação na superfície da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo durante o ano de 2004. E avaliar a possibilidade de utilizar estimativas de satélite para representar os padrões espaciais das componentes do balanço de radiação na superfície da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo. As observações na plataforma micrometeorológica do Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências ...
This work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradian... more This work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradiance (LW) at the surface in São Paulo, Brazil, using 5-min-averaged values of LW, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation observed continuously and simultaneously from 1997 to 2006 on a micrometeorological platform, located at the top of a 4-story building. An objective procedure, including 2-step filtering and dome emission effect correction, was used to evaluate the quality of the 9-yr-long LW dataset. The comparison between LW values observed and yielded by the Surface Radiation Budget project shows spatial and temporal agreement, indicating that monthly and annual average values of LW observed in one point of São Paulo can be used as representative of the entire metropolitan region of São Paulo. The maximum monthly averaged value of the LW is observed during summer (389 6 14 W m; January), and the minimum is observed during winter (332 6 12 W m; July). The effective emi...
Uploads