A commented list of the types of three families of Bibionomorpha—Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, a... more A commented list of the types of three families of Bibionomorpha—Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, and Ditomyiidae—housed at the Natural History Museum (London) is provided. This includes four holotypes and one paratype of five species of Bolitophilidae, one holotype and three syntypes of two species of Diadocidiidae, and 19 holotypes, 89 paratypes, four lectotypes, three paralectotypes, and 11 syntypes of 41 species of Ditomyiidae. Lectotypes are designated for the Neotropical species of ditomyiids Australosymmerus ( Melosymmerus ) bisetosus Edwards, 1940 and Australosymmerus ( Melosymmerus ) pediferus Edwards, 1940.
The Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) stated specif... more The Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) stated specific rules for the validity of species name associated, one of them the indication of the depository of the primary type. Particularly, Article 16.4 states that the description “(...) must be accompanied in the original publication (...) by a statement of intent that they will be (or are) deposited in a collection and a statement indicating the name and location of that collection.” Deposition of types is also dealt with in Articles 72.10, 73C, 74D, 75.3.7.
ABSTRACT The catalogue of the Mycetophilidae of the Neotropical region is updated. The region now... more ABSTRACT The catalogue of the Mycetophilidae of the Neotropical region is updated. The region now has records of 1145 species in 54 genera of the family. Syntemna laticornis Enderlein is transferred to genus Dziedzickia Johannsen, while Aphelomera armata Freeman, A. cristata Freeman, A. inermis Freeman, and A. subcompleta Edwards are transferred to Neoaphelomera Miller. Dziedzickia coheri Lane is proposed to be a subjective junior synonym of D. laticornis (Enderlein). Coelosia neotropica Lane, previously placed in Coelophthinia, is reinstated in the genus Coelosia, while Mycetophila macula Enderlein, that had been transferred to Epicypta, is reinstated in the genus Mycetophila. Specifi c status is given to Tetragoneura minor Enderlein and to Mycomya dorsimacula Enderlein. A new name, Neoempheria kerteszi Oliveira & Amorim, is given to Neoempheria apicalis Kertész, which is preoccupied. Freemanomyia elongata (Freeman), from Chile, is kept in the catalogue, though it is questionably a Mycetophilidae species. Information on the gender, status, and depositing institution of the types is included for all species whenever available. Comments are added to cases in which there is relevant new taxonomic information.
Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology
Anhand von Untersuchungen an Material von Dolichopodidae (Diptera) der Senckenberg Naturhistorisc... more Anhand von Untersuchungen an Material von Dolichopodidae (Diptera) der Senckenberg Naturhistorischen Sammlung in Dresden werden acht neotropische Arten der Gattung Diaphorus Meigen in die Gattung Chrysotus Meigen übertragen: C. amicus (Parent), comb. n.; C. ciliatus (Becker), comb. n. (= C. superbiens (Parent), comb. n. et syn. n.); C. hamatus (Parent), comb. n.; C. vicinus (Becker), comb. n., nec Parent; C. luteipalpus (Parent), comb. n.; C. mediotinctus (Becker), comb. n.; C. propinquus (Becker), comb. n. Zusätzlich wird C. kallweiti Capellari & Amorim, nom. n. als Ersatzname für C. vicinus Parent, nec C. vicinus (Becker), comb. n. vorgeschlagen. C. diligens Parent ist ein Junior-Synonym von C. viridis Becker. Für Arten, die Syntypen in ihren Typenserien enthalten, werden Lectotyp und Paralectotypen festgelegt. Die mediotinctus-Gruppe, darunter fünf südamerikanische Arten, wird als kleiner Zweig innerhalb von Chrysotus angesehen. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel zu diesen Arten ist vorhan...
Four new species of Paraclius Loew from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described and illustrat... more Four new species of Paraclius Loew from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described and illustrated: P. amphiatheratus, sp. nov., P. parenti, sp. nov., P. sagittatus, sp. nov., and P. dicrophallus, sp. nov. The condition of their enlarged sperm pump, also seen in the Neotropical genus Cheiromyia Dyte, is briefly discussed. Comments on the phylogenetic position of Cheiromyia are presented in light of new data from female terminalia of that genus.
Both known Neotropical species of Nervijuncta – N. conjuncta (Freeman) and N. laffooni Lane – are... more Both known Neotropical species of Nervijuncta – N. conjuncta (Freeman) and N. laffooni Lane – are redescribed and the male terminalia illustrated in detail. Specimens of N. laffooni, previously known only from the type-locality (São Paulo, Brazil), are reported from Nova Teutônia, and Urubici, both in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The females of both Neotropical species of the genus are described in detail and the genitalia illustrated for the first time. These redescriptions provide further information on the position of these two species within the genus.
Paraleia was originally described by Tonnoir for P. fulvescens, known from Australia. More recent... more Paraleia was originally described by Tonnoir for P. fulvescens, known from Australia. More recently, eleven Neotropicalspecies were added to the genus—nine of which are from Chile and southern Argentina, one from Bolivia, and one fromPeru. This distribution pattern is typical of many mycetophilid genera. Six new Neotropical species of Paraleia from theAndean Colombia and Ecuador are herein described. Male terminalia of P. bolivari sp. n., P. denticulata sp. n., P. fumosasp. n., and P. tonnoiri sp. n., as well as female terminalia of P. bolivari sp. n., P. denticulata sp. n., P. fumosa sp. n., P.nidorosa sp. n., P. sharkeyi sp. n., and Paraleia sp. are illustrated. High-resolution photos of wings for all species are presented. An identification key for world species of Paraleia is provided.
Eleven new species of the sciophiline genus Cluzobra Edwards are described and illustrated – Cluz... more Eleven new species of the sciophiline genus Cluzobra Edwards are described and illustrated – Cluzobra triocellata, sp.n., Cluzobra accola, sp.n., Cluzobra claripennis, sp.n., Cluzobra papaveroi, sp.n., Cluzobra coptolithus, sp.n., Cluzobra vockerothi, sp.n., Cluzobra sapiranga, sp.n., Cluzobra fluminense, sp.n., Cluzobra fritzmuelleri, sp.n., Cluzobra spinata, sp.n., Cluzobra elpidia, sp.n. Additional specimens of C. fuscipennis Edwards, C. plaumanni Edwards, and C. binocellaris (Edwards) have been identified, extending the distribution range of these species. The species were identified and described based on 173 specimens at different latitudes along the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northern Argentina. The position of the new species in the groups of species proposed for the genus in the literature is considered. Three areas of endemism are identified for the group, one from southern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay northwards to areas at higher altitudes in the St...
Chetoneura shennonggongensis Amorim & Niu, sp.n., inhabiting caves in East China, is described ba... more Chetoneura shennonggongensis Amorim & Niu, sp.n., inhabiting caves in East China, is described based on the adult male and female, plus larva. Chetoneura Colless, previously associated with Orfelia and known from a single species from caves in Malaysia, is formally transferred to the Keroplatini. This is the first description of the larva and of the general biology of the genus. The larva of this new species is suspended in a roughly horizontal hammock of silken threads amidst mucous coated snare threads from the roof of caves, but is not bioluminescent as some species of other genera in Keroplatidae (e.g., Arachnocampa, Keroplatus, and Orfelia). A key to separate both species of the genus is provided. The position of the genus within the Keroplatini is considered. Chetoneura is considered to be closely related to a clade containing Heteropterna and Ctenoceridion.
Four new Neotropical species of Anapausis are described: A. clivicola sp. nov., A. wirthi sp. nov... more Four new Neotropical species of Anapausis are described: A. clivicola sp. nov., A. wirthi sp. nov., A. mayana sp. nov., and A. mourei sp. nov. Anapausis fuscinervis Edwards is redescribed, and a key for the Neotropical species of the genus is provided. The homology of the sclerites of the male terminalia is considered. Shared features allow recognition of four major clades within the genus, one composed of the species in Australia, New Zealand, Chile, and southern Brazil, one composed of a pair of Central American species, one composed of the Afrotropical and Oriental species, and one composed of the Holarctic species. The Central American species of Anapausis appear to be more connected to the circumantarctic and the Afro-Oriental clades than to the Holarctic clade of the genus.
The systematic position and the generic status of the monotypic genus Falbouria Dyte (Dolichopodi... more The systematic position and the generic status of the monotypic genus Falbouria Dyte (Dolichopodidae: Diaphorinae) are evaluated. The type-species of the genus, F. acorensis (Parent), endemic to the Azores, is re-described, and hypopygial and oviscapt morphology illustrated in detail for the first time. Falbouria is kept as a separate genus, but close to Chrysotus Meigen, which is certainly paraphyletic (or even polyphyletic) in its present composition. A brief discussion on the delimitation of Chrysotus is provided and its laesus-group of species is suggested as the core clade of the genus.
A new genus of Dolichopodidae with modified wing venation both in males and females is described ... more A new genus of Dolichopodidae with modified wing venation both in males and females is described from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, Mberu pepocatu gen. nov. et sp. nov. The species is described and illustrated in detail, including the male and female terminalia. The systematic position of Mberu is considered and the genus is assigned to the tribe Coeloglutini of Neurigoninae, possibly closely related to Coeloglutus Aldrich and Neotonnoiria Robinson.
A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the re... more A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the relationships among its families and to place the following genera of uncertain position in the system: Heterotricha, Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Freemanomyia, Rhynchoheterotricha, Chiletricha, Afrotricha, Anisotricha, Kenyatricha, Nepaletricha, Sciarosoma, Sciaropota, Insulatricha, Cabamofa, Rogambara, and Starkomyia. Eratomyia n. gen. is described based on a new species from Ecuador. Colonomyia brasiliana sp.n. and Colonomyia freemani sp.n. are described respectively from southern Brazil and Chile. The male of Cabamofa mira Jaschhof is described for the first time. A total of 64 terminal taxa and 137 transformation series (with 202 characters) were included in the data matrix, with a number of new features from thoracic morphology. Willi Hennig’s 1973 system for the higher Bibionomorpha was adopted using the name Mycetophiliformia for the Sciaroidea. The Mycetophiliformia are monophyletic. The...
Paratrizygia Tonnoir was originally described for P. conformis, from Australia, and since then on... more Paratrizygia Tonnoir was originally described for P. conformis, from Australia, and since then only four species have been added to the genus, from Chile and Southern Argentina. We add four new species to the genus Paratrizygia—P. balbii sp. nov., P. alvesi sp. nov., P. camargoi sp. nov., and P. albidens sp.nov.—from the southern part of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Comments are made about the possible relationships of the Brazilian and other Neotropical species of the genus. An identification key to the Neotropical species of the genus is provided.
Five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen are redescribed, four of them herein transferred from ... more Five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen are redescribed, four of them herein transferred from Diaphorus Meigen: C. angustifrons (Robinson), comb.nov., C. maculatus (Parent), comb.nov. (= D. maculipennis Robinson), C. robustus (Robinson), comb.nov., C. spectabilis (Loew) and C. wirthi (Robinson), comb.nov. The female of C. maculatus is described for the first time. Terminalia of both males and females are illustrated. The previous suggestion that C. angustifrons, C. robustus, C. wirthi, and C. spectabilis and the Neotropical genus Lyroneurus Loew are closely related based on wing venation similarities is analyzed and rejected.
Three Neotropical species of Phthinia Winnertz have been described to date. The genus is known fr... more Three Neotropical species of Phthinia Winnertz have been described to date. The genus is known from Chile and southern Argentina. Four new species are herein described for the genus in the region, two from Brazil—Phthinia theresae, sp.n., from the State of Espírito Santo, and Phithinia urubici, sp.n., from the State of Santa Catarina—and two from Chile—Phthinia freemani, sp.n., and Phthinia parafurcata, sp.n. Comments are made about the relationships between the Neotropical species. Some notes are added about P. furcata Freeman, P. flagellata Freeman, and P. fasciata Freeman, from Chile and southern Argentina. Attention is called for the fact that Phthinia has two species in Brazil disjunct from the other temperate species of the genus in South America, differently from most similar cases, that have a single known representative in Brazil.
The two known Brazilian species of Elephantomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae), E. juquiensis Alexander, ... more The two known Brazilian species of Elephantomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae), E. juquiensis Alexander, 1945, and E. primogenia Alexander, 1948 are redescribed and illustrated. Two new species, E. corniculata sp.n. and E. vesca sp.n., from southeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. Comments are made on the systematic position of Elephantomyia, on the hypothesis of a close relationship between Elephantomyia and Helius, and on the relationships among the Brazilian species.
A commented list of the types of three families of Bibionomorpha—Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, a... more A commented list of the types of three families of Bibionomorpha—Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, and Ditomyiidae—housed at the Natural History Museum (London) is provided. This includes four holotypes and one paratype of five species of Bolitophilidae, one holotype and three syntypes of two species of Diadocidiidae, and 19 holotypes, 89 paratypes, four lectotypes, three paralectotypes, and 11 syntypes of 41 species of Ditomyiidae. Lectotypes are designated for the Neotropical species of ditomyiids Australosymmerus ( Melosymmerus ) bisetosus Edwards, 1940 and Australosymmerus ( Melosymmerus ) pediferus Edwards, 1940.
The Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) stated specif... more The Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) stated specific rules for the validity of species name associated, one of them the indication of the depository of the primary type. Particularly, Article 16.4 states that the description “(...) must be accompanied in the original publication (...) by a statement of intent that they will be (or are) deposited in a collection and a statement indicating the name and location of that collection.” Deposition of types is also dealt with in Articles 72.10, 73C, 74D, 75.3.7.
ABSTRACT The catalogue of the Mycetophilidae of the Neotropical region is updated. The region now... more ABSTRACT The catalogue of the Mycetophilidae of the Neotropical region is updated. The region now has records of 1145 species in 54 genera of the family. Syntemna laticornis Enderlein is transferred to genus Dziedzickia Johannsen, while Aphelomera armata Freeman, A. cristata Freeman, A. inermis Freeman, and A. subcompleta Edwards are transferred to Neoaphelomera Miller. Dziedzickia coheri Lane is proposed to be a subjective junior synonym of D. laticornis (Enderlein). Coelosia neotropica Lane, previously placed in Coelophthinia, is reinstated in the genus Coelosia, while Mycetophila macula Enderlein, that had been transferred to Epicypta, is reinstated in the genus Mycetophila. Specifi c status is given to Tetragoneura minor Enderlein and to Mycomya dorsimacula Enderlein. A new name, Neoempheria kerteszi Oliveira & Amorim, is given to Neoempheria apicalis Kertész, which is preoccupied. Freemanomyia elongata (Freeman), from Chile, is kept in the catalogue, though it is questionably a Mycetophilidae species. Information on the gender, status, and depositing institution of the types is included for all species whenever available. Comments are added to cases in which there is relevant new taxonomic information.
Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology
Anhand von Untersuchungen an Material von Dolichopodidae (Diptera) der Senckenberg Naturhistorisc... more Anhand von Untersuchungen an Material von Dolichopodidae (Diptera) der Senckenberg Naturhistorischen Sammlung in Dresden werden acht neotropische Arten der Gattung Diaphorus Meigen in die Gattung Chrysotus Meigen übertragen: C. amicus (Parent), comb. n.; C. ciliatus (Becker), comb. n. (= C. superbiens (Parent), comb. n. et syn. n.); C. hamatus (Parent), comb. n.; C. vicinus (Becker), comb. n., nec Parent; C. luteipalpus (Parent), comb. n.; C. mediotinctus (Becker), comb. n.; C. propinquus (Becker), comb. n. Zusätzlich wird C. kallweiti Capellari & Amorim, nom. n. als Ersatzname für C. vicinus Parent, nec C. vicinus (Becker), comb. n. vorgeschlagen. C. diligens Parent ist ein Junior-Synonym von C. viridis Becker. Für Arten, die Syntypen in ihren Typenserien enthalten, werden Lectotyp und Paralectotypen festgelegt. Die mediotinctus-Gruppe, darunter fünf südamerikanische Arten, wird als kleiner Zweig innerhalb von Chrysotus angesehen. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel zu diesen Arten ist vorhan...
Four new species of Paraclius Loew from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described and illustrat... more Four new species of Paraclius Loew from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described and illustrated: P. amphiatheratus, sp. nov., P. parenti, sp. nov., P. sagittatus, sp. nov., and P. dicrophallus, sp. nov. The condition of their enlarged sperm pump, also seen in the Neotropical genus Cheiromyia Dyte, is briefly discussed. Comments on the phylogenetic position of Cheiromyia are presented in light of new data from female terminalia of that genus.
Both known Neotropical species of Nervijuncta – N. conjuncta (Freeman) and N. laffooni Lane – are... more Both known Neotropical species of Nervijuncta – N. conjuncta (Freeman) and N. laffooni Lane – are redescribed and the male terminalia illustrated in detail. Specimens of N. laffooni, previously known only from the type-locality (São Paulo, Brazil), are reported from Nova Teutônia, and Urubici, both in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The females of both Neotropical species of the genus are described in detail and the genitalia illustrated for the first time. These redescriptions provide further information on the position of these two species within the genus.
Paraleia was originally described by Tonnoir for P. fulvescens, known from Australia. More recent... more Paraleia was originally described by Tonnoir for P. fulvescens, known from Australia. More recently, eleven Neotropicalspecies were added to the genus—nine of which are from Chile and southern Argentina, one from Bolivia, and one fromPeru. This distribution pattern is typical of many mycetophilid genera. Six new Neotropical species of Paraleia from theAndean Colombia and Ecuador are herein described. Male terminalia of P. bolivari sp. n., P. denticulata sp. n., P. fumosasp. n., and P. tonnoiri sp. n., as well as female terminalia of P. bolivari sp. n., P. denticulata sp. n., P. fumosa sp. n., P.nidorosa sp. n., P. sharkeyi sp. n., and Paraleia sp. are illustrated. High-resolution photos of wings for all species are presented. An identification key for world species of Paraleia is provided.
Eleven new species of the sciophiline genus Cluzobra Edwards are described and illustrated – Cluz... more Eleven new species of the sciophiline genus Cluzobra Edwards are described and illustrated – Cluzobra triocellata, sp.n., Cluzobra accola, sp.n., Cluzobra claripennis, sp.n., Cluzobra papaveroi, sp.n., Cluzobra coptolithus, sp.n., Cluzobra vockerothi, sp.n., Cluzobra sapiranga, sp.n., Cluzobra fluminense, sp.n., Cluzobra fritzmuelleri, sp.n., Cluzobra spinata, sp.n., Cluzobra elpidia, sp.n. Additional specimens of C. fuscipennis Edwards, C. plaumanni Edwards, and C. binocellaris (Edwards) have been identified, extending the distribution range of these species. The species were identified and described based on 173 specimens at different latitudes along the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northern Argentina. The position of the new species in the groups of species proposed for the genus in the literature is considered. Three areas of endemism are identified for the group, one from southern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay northwards to areas at higher altitudes in the St...
Chetoneura shennonggongensis Amorim & Niu, sp.n., inhabiting caves in East China, is described ba... more Chetoneura shennonggongensis Amorim & Niu, sp.n., inhabiting caves in East China, is described based on the adult male and female, plus larva. Chetoneura Colless, previously associated with Orfelia and known from a single species from caves in Malaysia, is formally transferred to the Keroplatini. This is the first description of the larva and of the general biology of the genus. The larva of this new species is suspended in a roughly horizontal hammock of silken threads amidst mucous coated snare threads from the roof of caves, but is not bioluminescent as some species of other genera in Keroplatidae (e.g., Arachnocampa, Keroplatus, and Orfelia). A key to separate both species of the genus is provided. The position of the genus within the Keroplatini is considered. Chetoneura is considered to be closely related to a clade containing Heteropterna and Ctenoceridion.
Four new Neotropical species of Anapausis are described: A. clivicola sp. nov., A. wirthi sp. nov... more Four new Neotropical species of Anapausis are described: A. clivicola sp. nov., A. wirthi sp. nov., A. mayana sp. nov., and A. mourei sp. nov. Anapausis fuscinervis Edwards is redescribed, and a key for the Neotropical species of the genus is provided. The homology of the sclerites of the male terminalia is considered. Shared features allow recognition of four major clades within the genus, one composed of the species in Australia, New Zealand, Chile, and southern Brazil, one composed of a pair of Central American species, one composed of the Afrotropical and Oriental species, and one composed of the Holarctic species. The Central American species of Anapausis appear to be more connected to the circumantarctic and the Afro-Oriental clades than to the Holarctic clade of the genus.
The systematic position and the generic status of the monotypic genus Falbouria Dyte (Dolichopodi... more The systematic position and the generic status of the monotypic genus Falbouria Dyte (Dolichopodidae: Diaphorinae) are evaluated. The type-species of the genus, F. acorensis (Parent), endemic to the Azores, is re-described, and hypopygial and oviscapt morphology illustrated in detail for the first time. Falbouria is kept as a separate genus, but close to Chrysotus Meigen, which is certainly paraphyletic (or even polyphyletic) in its present composition. A brief discussion on the delimitation of Chrysotus is provided and its laesus-group of species is suggested as the core clade of the genus.
A new genus of Dolichopodidae with modified wing venation both in males and females is described ... more A new genus of Dolichopodidae with modified wing venation both in males and females is described from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, Mberu pepocatu gen. nov. et sp. nov. The species is described and illustrated in detail, including the male and female terminalia. The systematic position of Mberu is considered and the genus is assigned to the tribe Coeloglutini of Neurigoninae, possibly closely related to Coeloglutus Aldrich and Neotonnoiria Robinson.
A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the re... more A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the relationships among its families and to place the following genera of uncertain position in the system: Heterotricha, Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Freemanomyia, Rhynchoheterotricha, Chiletricha, Afrotricha, Anisotricha, Kenyatricha, Nepaletricha, Sciarosoma, Sciaropota, Insulatricha, Cabamofa, Rogambara, and Starkomyia. Eratomyia n. gen. is described based on a new species from Ecuador. Colonomyia brasiliana sp.n. and Colonomyia freemani sp.n. are described respectively from southern Brazil and Chile. The male of Cabamofa mira Jaschhof is described for the first time. A total of 64 terminal taxa and 137 transformation series (with 202 characters) were included in the data matrix, with a number of new features from thoracic morphology. Willi Hennig’s 1973 system for the higher Bibionomorpha was adopted using the name Mycetophiliformia for the Sciaroidea. The Mycetophiliformia are monophyletic. The...
Paratrizygia Tonnoir was originally described for P. conformis, from Australia, and since then on... more Paratrizygia Tonnoir was originally described for P. conformis, from Australia, and since then only four species have been added to the genus, from Chile and Southern Argentina. We add four new species to the genus Paratrizygia—P. balbii sp. nov., P. alvesi sp. nov., P. camargoi sp. nov., and P. albidens sp.nov.—from the southern part of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Comments are made about the possible relationships of the Brazilian and other Neotropical species of the genus. An identification key to the Neotropical species of the genus is provided.
Five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen are redescribed, four of them herein transferred from ... more Five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen are redescribed, four of them herein transferred from Diaphorus Meigen: C. angustifrons (Robinson), comb.nov., C. maculatus (Parent), comb.nov. (= D. maculipennis Robinson), C. robustus (Robinson), comb.nov., C. spectabilis (Loew) and C. wirthi (Robinson), comb.nov. The female of C. maculatus is described for the first time. Terminalia of both males and females are illustrated. The previous suggestion that C. angustifrons, C. robustus, C. wirthi, and C. spectabilis and the Neotropical genus Lyroneurus Loew are closely related based on wing venation similarities is analyzed and rejected.
Three Neotropical species of Phthinia Winnertz have been described to date. The genus is known fr... more Three Neotropical species of Phthinia Winnertz have been described to date. The genus is known from Chile and southern Argentina. Four new species are herein described for the genus in the region, two from Brazil—Phthinia theresae, sp.n., from the State of Espírito Santo, and Phithinia urubici, sp.n., from the State of Santa Catarina—and two from Chile—Phthinia freemani, sp.n., and Phthinia parafurcata, sp.n. Comments are made about the relationships between the Neotropical species. Some notes are added about P. furcata Freeman, P. flagellata Freeman, and P. fasciata Freeman, from Chile and southern Argentina. Attention is called for the fact that Phthinia has two species in Brazil disjunct from the other temperate species of the genus in South America, differently from most similar cases, that have a single known representative in Brazil.
The two known Brazilian species of Elephantomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae), E. juquiensis Alexander, ... more The two known Brazilian species of Elephantomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae), E. juquiensis Alexander, 1945, and E. primogenia Alexander, 1948 are redescribed and illustrated. Two new species, E. corniculata sp.n. and E. vesca sp.n., from southeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. Comments are made on the systematic position of Elephantomyia, on the hypothesis of a close relationship between Elephantomyia and Helius, and on the relationships among the Brazilian species.
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