Books by ilyass Bouzghaia
The Feminist Movement and Social Change in Morocco: Trends and Impacts, 2012
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Papers and chapters by ilyass Bouzghaia
Feminism in the MENA region: Women's rights in a post globalist world, 2022
In the past few decades, the feminist movement in Morocco has proven to be active and dynamic in ... more In the past few decades, the feminist movement in Morocco has proven to be active and dynamic in defending women’s rights. However, the issue of gender equality remains a controversial topic that generates endless debates among contending feminist trends. It is an issue that involves conceptual dilemmas and leads to converging and diverging pathways of reform. Based on three theatrical frameworks: the ‘structural functional theory’, ‘conflict theory’, and ‘symbolic interactionism’ theory, this paper frames the understanding of the term ‘gender equality’ as perceived and propagated by diverse Moroccan feminist sensitivities in a manner that influences the gender reform policies. Departing from an overview on the Moroccan spectrum of feminist discourses and agendas, the paper discusses the scope and limitations of implementing a policy of gender equality in light of intersecting religious, cultural, and ideological factors. The paper draws on a number of interviews with policy makers and feminist activists who dispute the understanding of gender equality and negotiate trajectories of reform for a society that still oscillates between tradition and modernity in their complex and non-fixed understandings.
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IN SEARCH OF A 'THIRD WAY' ISLAMIC FEMINISM: APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES OF AN EMERGING DISCOURSE, 2023
This article seeks to locate the boundaries of 'third way' Islamic feminism within the spectrum o... more This article seeks to locate the boundaries of 'third way' Islamic feminism within the spectrum of Islamic/ist discourses on women's rights and gender equality. The epithet 'third way' implies an attempt of evading the western hegemonic model of feminism and insisting that Islam can offer a viable framework for women's rights. Thus, 'third way' Islamic feminists draw on hermeneutics to argue for a female-friendly reading of Islamic scriptures that can bridge the gap between Islam and feminism. As such, the 'third way' vision shapes its characterizing features as academic in its discourse, conciliatory and hybrid in its approach, and appealing to political regimes and the young generation in its scope of influence. With a particular focus on the Moroccan context, this article sheds light on theological and exegetical strategies of several 'third way' Islamic feminists who seek to translate fresh and Ijtihadi readings of Islam into legislations and realities.
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The King’s Feminists : Reordering Relations Between the State and the Moroccan Feminists, 2021
Morocco’s feminist movement has reached multiple milestones throughout its history of adaptation ... more Morocco’s feminist movement has reached multiple milestones throughout its history of adaptation and coexistence with political and social transformations. The Monarchy played a key role in directing the transformations that affected this movement and established its dominating position over Morocco’s feminist spectrum. This paper is based on an analysis of the development of feminist movements in Morocco against the backdrop of dynamics that shaped its relation with the state since the adoption of the family code in 1957 until now (2021), with the emergence of a “Third Way” amid the dimming sway of ideological polarization and the hegemony of the official posture in shaping the discourse on women rights in Morocco. The present paper argues that official actors showed early awareness to the importance of the feminist movement by adopting strategies and co-option tactics in order to define the human rights and social landscape that mixes between “state-sponsored feminism” with the “Third Way”.
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Religious Peace and Religious Reform in Morocco: The State’s Role in Creating the ‘Third Party’ Feminist Approach, 2021
On the eve of the 21 st century, Morocco was living under an intense dichotomy between extremist ... more On the eve of the 21 st century, Morocco was living under an intense dichotomy between extremist religious and secular actors. This notorious polarization threatened 'Spiritual security' or 'Al-Amn Alrruhi.' Consequently, Morocco instigated the reform of the religious field, which has created a suitable atmosphere for a 'third way' feminist approach to emerge. By adopting a firm official religious discourse, the state turned the table over all the ideo-religious movements, taking the lead into a more controlled and balanced religious peace, which in particular impacted the feminist scene. This paper traces back the religious reform as the solid ground of promulgating the "Moroccan moderate Islam," where secular and religious ideologies could shun conflict and operate within the framework of unity and stability. This reform has arguably succeeded in maintaining three main objectives: 1) curbing the leashes of religious extremism, 2) alleviating the tensions between contending religious and secular actors 3) paving the way for better engagement in intellectual and theological debates on Islam, feminism, and modernity. In fact, the state needed to employ a policy of balance and control over the contending feminist sensitivities to pave the way for "the state feminism" and the 'third way' feminist approach to embellish the Moroccan image regarding women's rights. As such, Morocco could propose a female-friendly reading of Islam that absorbs the religion vs. secularism binary perspective and reconciles people's religious commitment to their faith with their aspirations for modernity and gender equality.
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Double-Edged Politics on Women’s Rights in the MENA Region, 2020
In contemporary Muslim postcolonial countries, the term gender equality resonates an appealing in... more In contemporary Muslim postcolonial countries, the term gender equality resonates an appealing international principle for many politicians. However, for many Islamist and conservative forces, the term triggers suspicion and hostility on the ground that it serves as a western product that infringes cultural specificities and threatens the gendered parameters of the Muslim family. This paper seeks to examine the different ways gender equality is perceived and propagated among diverse actors in the MENA region, and the role of ideological alignments in shaping trajectories of women’s empowerment and/or marginalization. The paper hold the argument that while many policy makers and civil society activists remain hostages of ideological polemics, authors and theologians have managed to push the boundaries of Islam and feminism towards possibilities of Islamizing feminism and feminizing Islam. This process arguably requires a double fold mission of liberating feminism from its white, liberal and Western monopoly, and liberating the Islamic heritage from traditional readings causing patriarchal social practices. Given the diverse and assorted experiences of MENA region countries dealing with the question of gender equality, this paper affords a broad investigation of philosophical and ideological grounds that underpin the meaning and manifestations of equality, and discusses the current societal projects aiming to reorganize the configurations of gender relations in the private and public spheres. Such discussion extends to invoking thorny issues that characterize the tensions, negotiations and compliances between and amongst diverse political and feminist actors in the MENA region.
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54-مجلة-جيل-العلوم-الانسانية-والاجتماعية-العدد
تعتبر قضية المرأة عموما ومسألة الحجاب خصوصا من ضمن أبرز عناوين جدلية الإسلام والحداثة في الوقت ال... more تعتبر قضية المرأة عموما ومسألة الحجاب خصوصا من ضمن أبرز عناوين جدلية الإسلام والحداثة في الوقت المعاصر. وقد عرفت هذه الجدلية تمظهرات ارتبطت بعوامل سياسية وثقافية وأيديولوجية أثرت في فلسفة وسلوك اللباس لدى المرأة المسلمة. والأكيد أن لباس المرأة، كرمز للهوية المسلمة أو الإسلامية، قد عرف صعودا وأفولا وتطورات في الأشكال والأنواع إلى الحد الذي خلق توترات ومفاوضات قيمية محورها رمزية ودلالة هذا اللباس في سياقات الإسلام والحداثة. وقد تابع الرأي العام المغربي مؤخرا حالات من نزع الحجاب في صفوف من يحسبون على التيار الإسلامي بالمغرب، مما خلق دائرة من الجدل حول مدى مركزية الحجاب لدى الحركات والأحزاب الإسلامية، كما طرح تساؤلات حول الخطاب الإسلامي في علاقته بالتحولات السياسية والقيمية التي يعرفها المجتمع المغربي. هذه التساؤلات وغيرها تحاول هذه المقالة تسليط الضوء عليها من خلال رصد تطور مفهوم الحجاب وأنماط ارتدائه بارتباط مع التأثير الذي تمارسه السياسة والدين والواقع على حياة النساء.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحجاب، التدين، ما بعد الإسلاموية، أزمة القيم، التوليف والترميق، إسلام السوق
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إسلاميات ينزعن الحجاب .. تداخل مرجعيات وملاءمة مستجدات, 2019
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مقدمة عامة وإشارات
الإطار التاريخي للاتفاقية
الخلفية الثقافية للاتفاقية
اتفاقية سيداو: المبادئ و... more مقدمة عامة وإشارات
الإطار التاريخي للاتفاقية
الخلفية الثقافية للاتفاقية
اتفاقية سيداو: المبادئ والمضامين
الاتفاقية وآثارها على التزامات الدول
الدول المصادقة والموقعة
الشريعة الإسلامية واتفاقية سيداو: مفاهيم، قضايا وإشكالات
المغرب واتفاقية سيداو
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With the emergence of the “Arab spring” in 2011,men and women in Morocco started to become more a... more With the emergence of the “Arab spring” in 2011,men and women in Morocco started to become more aware of the changing nature of the relationship between them. Aspects of gender equality and the negotiation of visibility and power inside and outside the private sphere is strikingly an indication of a massive change in gender relations and social values. Moroccan society appears to be undergoing a difficult transition from tradition to modernity with tension between Islam and feminism in their complex, infinite and fluid definitions and manifestations. Sociologists have coined terms like “crisis of values”, “Bricolage”, “Detraditionalization” to better describe situations of societies that fluctuate between values of the past and the present. In Morocco, where minor revolutionary change happened at the political level, the social arena saw sweeping waves of individualization in contrast to resisting acts of collectivism and conformity. Women are at the heart of this struggle as they are challenging traditional gender roles and compromising established social values in novel, unauthorized, and often shocking ways. Academicians, civil society activists and policy makers are all engaged in a polarized debate about convergence and divergence between tradition and modernity where binary lines are still hazy and uncertain. In this context, a growing tendency, endorsed by the state, and referred to as “third way” Islamic feminism, has appeared to pacify the contention and create forms of conciliation between gender equality and the Islamic teachings. Thus, the “third way” Islamic feminism propagates the possibility of non-contradiction between Islam and international demands of gender equality, and takes part in a discourse that touches upon issues of the local and the “Universal”, the static and the changeable in Sharia, and the socio-religious dimensions of reform. This paper, therefore, tries to investigate the theoretical paradigms, sociological facts and the political strategies of constructing new patterns of gender relations in Morocco. Furthermore, the paper inspects the impact of the Arab uprisings on the trajectories of social change touching on gains and challenges for new configurations of gender equality in the Moroccan society.
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Feminism is an umbrella term that includes diverse views and perspectives to what equality and wo... more Feminism is an umbrella term that includes diverse views and perspectives to what equality and women’s rights mean. In Morocco, the concept of Qiwama (male-guardianship) stands as a challenge to the feminist demands for equality. The Moroccan feminist movement is divided into two main trends (the secularist and the Islamic); which are in disagreement about the source of reference that inspires reform for women’s rights. In the last decades, Morocco has taken progressive steps in the course of promoting women’s conditions and their rights. With the advancement of its family code in 2004 and the new constitution of 2011, along with ratifying the UN conventions (CEDAW), Morocco subscribes to high standards of legislative and constitutional reforms. However, debate is still open about the intricate relationship between Islam, social work, legislation and society. While the concept of Qiwama has gone through diverse theological and legislative scrutiny based on the Islamic Ijtihad (reasoning), it continues to pose critical questions about its compatibility and closeness to the Islamic Shari’a or to the western understandings of equality. Debate now is centered on the different paradigms that inform equality in different contexts and its implications that oscillate feminist discourses, legislations, and social values between the modernists and the conservatives.
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مبادرة تعميق وتأصيل المعرفة بمفهومي القوامة والولاية, 2014
يرتبط مفهوم القوامة بشكل اساسي بالمرجعية الإسلامية التي تنظيم العلاقة بين الذكر والأنثى داخل الأس... more يرتبط مفهوم القوامة بشكل اساسي بالمرجعية الإسلامية التي تنظيم العلاقة بين الذكر والأنثى داخل الأسرة المسلمة. وقد لا يختلف اثنان على أن هذا المفهوم اصبح وسيلة لدى الكثيرين لتسويغ العديد من الممارسات الظالمة ضد المرأة، وقد يكون الأساس الذي يعتمدون عليه هو اعتبار المرأة تابعة للرجل وليست مساوية له في الدين الإسلامي انطلاقا من الآية "الرجال قوامون على النساء بما فضل الله بعضهم على بعض وبما أنفقوا من أموالهم" (النساء 34). في العقود الأخيرة برزت العديد من الجمعيات النسائية والمبادرات الحقوقية التي تبدي رغبة في مراجعة تفاسير هذه الآية وتدعوا إلى فهم معاصر يتوافق مع روح العصر. والجدير بالذكر أن مفاربة الموضوع أصبحت تتجاذبها وجهات نظر مختلفة تتباين بين المرجعية الدينية والمرجعية العلمانية ، فبينما خضع مفهوم القوامة لمراجعة علماء الدين والقانون في إطار الاجتهاد الفقهي لإصدار مدونة الأسرة المغربية سنة 2004، يستمر هذا الاجتهاد في طرح إشكالية مدى مطابقته أو قربه من مفهوم المساواة حسب مواثيق الأمم المتحدة التي تعتمدها الحركات النسائية العلمانية والتي التزم بها المغرب مؤخرا. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على مسار تطور الحركة النسائية المغربية والآثار التي أحدثتها على المستوى التشريعي والاجتماعي في مقاربتها لمفهوم القوامة والمساواة بناء على مرجعيتها.
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الفمنزم، فهم للتاريخ والتيارات, 2012
هذه المقالة تتناول موضوع المرأة وقضية تحريرها من منطلق كونها محور نقاش قامت على أساسه مجموعة كبير... more هذه المقالة تتناول موضوع المرأة وقضية تحريرها من منطلق كونها محور نقاش قامت على أساسه مجموعة كبيرة من النظريات والمقاربات التي تروم الوصول إلى هدف مشترك هو الدفاع عن حقوق المرأة وتحقيق المساواة بينها وبين الرجل.
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الأسرة والحركة النسائية بالمغرب, تضامن أم مساواة, 2015
من الملاحظ أن الكتابات التي تدخل في إطار الحركة النسائية والدفاع عن حقوق المرأة تعتمد بالأساس على... more من الملاحظ أن الكتابات التي تدخل في إطار الحركة النسائية والدفاع عن حقوق المرأة تعتمد بالأساس على مفهوم المساواة. بالمقابل، فإن الكتابات التي تنتقد هذا التوجه تنبه إلى أن المساواة مفهوم دخيل يستهدف التضامن والتماسك داخل الأسرة المسلمة. بين المساواة والتماسك هناك إشكاليات عميقة يحتاج المجتمع إلى التأمل فيها وإعادة النظر في الفلسفة المؤسسة لهما من أجل بناء مجتمع متوازن لا يظلم المرأة ولا يفكك الأسرة.
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Books by ilyass Bouzghaia
Papers and chapters by ilyass Bouzghaia
https://ar.lesiteinfo.com/opinion/338584.html?fbclid=IwAR2tIUOPM2E2kHE57LFFXrUx38s3qhplMR2MDu3xg2Q1Vhvnlg505-h8Mmc
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحجاب، التدين، ما بعد الإسلاموية، أزمة القيم، التوليف والترميق، إسلام السوق
الإطار التاريخي للاتفاقية
الخلفية الثقافية للاتفاقية
اتفاقية سيداو: المبادئ والمضامين
الاتفاقية وآثارها على التزامات الدول
الدول المصادقة والموقعة
الشريعة الإسلامية واتفاقية سيداو: مفاهيم، قضايا وإشكالات
المغرب واتفاقية سيداو
https://ar.lesiteinfo.com/opinion/338584.html?fbclid=IwAR2tIUOPM2E2kHE57LFFXrUx38s3qhplMR2MDu3xg2Q1Vhvnlg505-h8Mmc
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحجاب، التدين، ما بعد الإسلاموية، أزمة القيم، التوليف والترميق، إسلام السوق
الإطار التاريخي للاتفاقية
الخلفية الثقافية للاتفاقية
اتفاقية سيداو: المبادئ والمضامين
الاتفاقية وآثارها على التزامات الدول
الدول المصادقة والموقعة
الشريعة الإسلامية واتفاقية سيداو: مفاهيم، قضايا وإشكالات
المغرب واتفاقية سيداو
Paper presented at the International conference "Philosophy, Knowledge and Feminist Practices". Organized by Fraklin Instituto and the INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS (IAPh). On 24 – 25 – 26 – 27 June 2014
2. ما هو الفرق بين قيم الأسرة في الإسلام وقيم الأسرة في الغرب؟
3. كيف تأثرت مدونة الأسرة بالمتغيرات الكبرى وكيف أثرت في موازين القيم بالمغرب؟
4. من هم الفاعلون في مجال الأسرة والقيم وما آفاق التدافع القيمي بالمغرب؟