for presentation at the CIRIEC Social Economy Conference held in Victoria, October 22-25th, 2007 ... more for presentation at the CIRIEC Social Economy Conference held in Victoria, October 22-25th, 2007 Gender, Natural Resources, and the Social Economy of Northern Canada David C. Natcher, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Bioresource Policy, Business & Economics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK. S7N 5A8 Over the past several decades the management of natural resources in the Canadian north has undergone considerable change. Once solely under the purview of state administrators, responsibility is now being shared increasingly with those who are most dependent on the continued availability of the resource(s). Referred to generally as co-management, these systems of joint authority have evolved from informal agreements made between local resource users and district managers into complex decision and policy-making bureaucracies now responsible for the management of lands, forests, fisheries, and wildlife resources. Viewed by some as a belated recognition of the knowledge and wisdom of indigenous peoples, co-management is being heralded as an emergent intellectual tradition that can be used to guide the stewardship of natural resources into the future. Beyond its role in land and resource management, co-management has also been endorsed as a potential means by which to resolve longstanding conflicts between indigenous peoples and state governments (e.g., Canada’s Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996). With a range of institutional authority, co-management regimes are not only changing the way in which lands and resources are being managed, but are also restructuring indigenous-state relations more broadly. While ethnicity has long been recognized as a decisive factor in the negotiation and formation resource co-management arrangements, issues of gender have received little to no attention in the evaluation of co-management in Canada’s north. This is surprising given the limited participation of women on northern co-management boards. The exclusion of women on co-management boards is significant given that indigenous men and women have very different site-specific knowledge, have very different species-specific knowledge, and may have fundamentally different priorities with regards to the use and development of natural resources. In this paper the current level of female representation on Canada’s northern co-management boards is presented. I then explore what this level of representation may say about the role of women in natural resource management specifically, and what impact might this may have on northern public policy, both now and in the future. It is argued that the exclusion of women from northern co-management boards has: 1) reinforced the attitude that land and resource management is not a ‘women’s issue’; 2) precludes women from acquiring necessary experience to fill appointed or elected positions within communities or governments, thereby promoting male elitism in northern governance; 3) threatens women’s livelihoods as part of the ‘modernization’ process; and 4) provides only a partial or unreliable information base for policy makers to make decisions. Thus despite the potential benefits of co-management, gender-blind interventions are having gendered consequences for women and public policy in Canada’s north.
In this paper we present the results from a systematic literature review of subsistence research ... more In this paper we present the results from a systematic literature review of subsistence research that was conducted in northern Canada between 1950 and 2019. Our analysis identified trends in subsistence research, including the breadth of research topics, influential scholars and scholarship, and the emergence of research networks. Our results identified 245 publications authored by a multidisciplinary network of 365 scholars. Research conducted through ArcticNet and the International Polar Year is responsible for 75% (n = 183 of 245) of all subsistence-related publications during this period. Subsistence publications cover a wide range of topics, including climate change, nutrition, and wildlife management, but Indigenous food culture and the roles of women in subsistence have received comparatively less scholarly attention. Given the profound changes occurring in northern Canada, whether a result of anthropogenic or non-anthropogenic disturbances, greater attention to the cultural and gendered dimensions of subsistence will be particularly valuable to northern scholarship and the public policies it can inform. This attention will be increasingly necessary in a time when critical thinking about the future of subsistence in northern Canada is of critical need.
ABSTRACT In this study we investigate the investment behaviour of the First Nation governments (F... more ABSTRACT In this study we investigate the investment behaviour of the First Nation governments (FNGs) ( ) in Saskatchewan, Canada. FNGs invest revenues into First Nation-owned businesses or through joint ventures with neighbouring FNGs. We argue that in cases of jointly controlled capital stock through joint ventures between multiple FNGs, it is necessary to account for externalities originating from neighbouring FNGs. To test this hypothesis, we developed a spatially augmented model of investment behaviour. The results show that capacity utilization is a major determinant of FNGs’ investment behaviour. Neighbouring FNGs influence the investment behaviour of other FNGs and accounting for other FNGs’ externalities improves explanatory power of empirical models of First Nation investment behaviour.
for presentation at the CIRIEC Social Economy Conference held in Victoria, October 22-25th, 2007 ... more for presentation at the CIRIEC Social Economy Conference held in Victoria, October 22-25th, 2007 Gender, Natural Resources, and the Social Economy of Northern Canada David C. Natcher, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Bioresource Policy, Business & Economics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK. S7N 5A8 Over the past several decades the management of natural resources in the Canadian north has undergone considerable change. Once solely under the purview of state administrators, responsibility is now being shared increasingly with those who are most dependent on the continued availability of the resource(s). Referred to generally as co-management, these systems of joint authority have evolved from informal agreements made between local resource users and district managers into complex decision and policy-making bureaucracies now responsible for the management of lands, forests, fisheries, and wildlife resources. Viewed by some as a belated recognition of the knowledge and wisdom of indigenous peoples, co-management is being heralded as an emergent intellectual tradition that can be used to guide the stewardship of natural resources into the future. Beyond its role in land and resource management, co-management has also been endorsed as a potential means by which to resolve longstanding conflicts between indigenous peoples and state governments (e.g., Canada’s Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996). With a range of institutional authority, co-management regimes are not only changing the way in which lands and resources are being managed, but are also restructuring indigenous-state relations more broadly. While ethnicity has long been recognized as a decisive factor in the negotiation and formation resource co-management arrangements, issues of gender have received little to no attention in the evaluation of co-management in Canada’s north. This is surprising given the limited participation of women on northern co-management boards. The exclusion of women on co-management boards is significant given that indigenous men and women have very different site-specific knowledge, have very different species-specific knowledge, and may have fundamentally different priorities with regards to the use and development of natural resources. In this paper the current level of female representation on Canada’s northern co-management boards is presented. I then explore what this level of representation may say about the role of women in natural resource management specifically, and what impact might this may have on northern public policy, both now and in the future. It is argued that the exclusion of women from northern co-management boards has: 1) reinforced the attitude that land and resource management is not a ‘women’s issue’; 2) precludes women from acquiring necessary experience to fill appointed or elected positions within communities or governments, thereby promoting male elitism in northern governance; 3) threatens women’s livelihoods as part of the ‘modernization’ process; and 4) provides only a partial or unreliable information base for policy makers to make decisions. Thus despite the potential benefits of co-management, gender-blind interventions are having gendered consequences for women and public policy in Canada’s north.
In this paper we present the results from a systematic literature review of subsistence research ... more In this paper we present the results from a systematic literature review of subsistence research that was conducted in northern Canada between 1950 and 2019. Our analysis identified trends in subsistence research, including the breadth of research topics, influential scholars and scholarship, and the emergence of research networks. Our results identified 245 publications authored by a multidisciplinary network of 365 scholars. Research conducted through ArcticNet and the International Polar Year is responsible for 75% (n = 183 of 245) of all subsistence-related publications during this period. Subsistence publications cover a wide range of topics, including climate change, nutrition, and wildlife management, but Indigenous food culture and the roles of women in subsistence have received comparatively less scholarly attention. Given the profound changes occurring in northern Canada, whether a result of anthropogenic or non-anthropogenic disturbances, greater attention to the cultural and gendered dimensions of subsistence will be particularly valuable to northern scholarship and the public policies it can inform. This attention will be increasingly necessary in a time when critical thinking about the future of subsistence in northern Canada is of critical need.
ABSTRACT In this study we investigate the investment behaviour of the First Nation governments (F... more ABSTRACT In this study we investigate the investment behaviour of the First Nation governments (FNGs) ( ) in Saskatchewan, Canada. FNGs invest revenues into First Nation-owned businesses or through joint ventures with neighbouring FNGs. We argue that in cases of jointly controlled capital stock through joint ventures between multiple FNGs, it is necessary to account for externalities originating from neighbouring FNGs. To test this hypothesis, we developed a spatially augmented model of investment behaviour. The results show that capacity utilization is a major determinant of FNGs’ investment behaviour. Neighbouring FNGs influence the investment behaviour of other FNGs and accounting for other FNGs’ externalities improves explanatory power of empirical models of First Nation investment behaviour.
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