ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. T... more ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. The maximum callus weight in the induction medium was 1215.4 mg with the cv. Natica using hypocotyl explants and the minimum was 487.6 mg with cv. Mascot using leaf explants. When auxin was available in the induction phase somatic embryos were obtained; the absence of cytokinin caused a reduction in the number of embryos. The number of somatic embryos increased with sucrose concentration to a maximum of 9% sucrose. Three weeks on induction medium was needed for production of somatic embryos; prolonged incubation (6 weeks) gave poor somatic embryo numbers. As auxin concentration decreased in maturation medium somatic embryo yield increased; the highest number was obtained in the absence of auxin. Generally, the culture of callus on maturation medium in darkness was superior to 16 h light for somatic embryogenesis. Leaf explants of the cultivar Profito gave 37.3 embryos per replicate which was the highest number recorded. In addition, this cultivar yielded embryos in the shortest time period (6 weeks). Satisfactory somatic embryo numbers were obtained after three weeks on induction medium, plus three weeks on maturation medium, or four weeks on induction medium, plus two weeks on maturation medium, or five weeks on induction medium, plus one week on maturation medium. Comparison of characteristics of cucumber plants derived from somatic embryogenesis with those obtained from seed showed no significant difference in phenotype of plants, or fruits, or genotype (using RAPD DNA tests).
In this study fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were used to study the genetic diversity of Sh... more In this study fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were used to study the genetic diversity of Shishi Date palm in Qatar. A total of 32 date palm (15 Shishi cultivar, 10 Khalas and seven male date palms) were collected from Qatar and 5 Shihi cultivars were collected from Saudi Arabia for comparison. The Shishi set collected from Qatar was selected from different regions to represent the genetic diversity of this cultivar. The results indicated 98 alleles produced from the 14 microsatellite markers, and the cluster analysis showed four major clusters corresponding o the geographical areas. Similarly, the structure analysis indicated four populations according to statistic K value. PCoA analysis showed three groups (A, B and C) separating Shishi (from Qatar) in group A, Khalas in group B and Shishi (from Saudi Arabia) in group C and no clear group separated the male genotypes. This indicates that the sexual propagation by seeds is the main source of variation in the date palm....
The effect of Ethyl-methane Sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination and seedling characters of broad... more The effect of Ethyl-methane Sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination and seedling characters of broad beans (Vicia faba L.) was analyzed in this investigation. The seeds were soaked in different percentages and durations of (EMS), then after sowing were irrigated with a range of NaCl concentration. The effect of EMS was observed based on the seed germination (%), and seedling characters such as: total fresh weight, root fresh weight and root length. Germination percentage generally decreases while concentrations of NaCl increases, however the interaction effect of EMS clearly appeared on concentration 6000 ppm NaCl, which positively increased the germination from 40% in absence of EMS to 60%, when 0.5 or 1% EMS were used. 24 hours soaking in EMS decreased the fresh weight from 33.36 to 13.55 gm per plant, in addition to the decrease of the root length from 22.0cm to 14.2cm per plant. The root nodulation of broad bean is not affected during the increase of NaCl, possibly due to the inter...
Abstract: DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and... more Abstract: DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and reverse primers. The identification with BOLD of approximately 688 base pairs sequence revealed maximum homology (99.84%) with C. mydas , which is a species of turtle has been declared "extinct in wild" by IUCN. The next closest species 93.79% , was N. depressa which has a restricted geographical distribution and was reported to be endemic to the Australian continental shelf. The finding of characteristic species-specific COI sequences offers the prospect of identifying marine turtle species by using DNA barcode methodology as an auxiliary tool for taxonomy. This can also be used during field work when identifying lost nests, animals stranded on beaches or those killed as part of catching in fishery nets. A further use is in forensic litigation when turtle eggs or meat are the only available material and for the development of Qatar gene bank information.
ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. T... more ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. The maximum callus weight in the induction medium was 1215.4 mg with the cv. Natica using hypocotyl explants and the minimum was 487.6 mg with cv. Mascot using leaf explants. When auxin was available in the induction phase somatic embryos were obtained; the absence of cytokinin caused a reduction in the number of embryos. The number of somatic embryos increased with sucrose concentration to a maximum of 9% sucrose. Three weeks on induction medium was needed for production of somatic embryos; prolonged incubation (6 weeks) gave poor somatic embryo numbers. As auxin concentration decreased in maturation medium somatic embryo yield increased; the highest number was obtained in the absence of auxin. Generally, the culture of callus on maturation medium in darkness was superior to 16 h light for somatic embryogenesis. Leaf explants of the cultivar Profito gave 37.3 embryos per replicate which was the highest number recorded. In addition, this cultivar yielded embryos in the shortest time period (6 weeks). Satisfactory somatic embryo numbers were obtained after three weeks on induction medium, plus three weeks on maturation medium, or four weeks on induction medium, plus two weeks on maturation medium, or five weeks on induction medium, plus one week on maturation medium. Comparison of characteristics of cucumber plants derived from somatic embryogenesis with those obtained from seed showed no significant difference in phenotype of plants, or fruits, or genotype (using RAPD DNA tests).
The experiment was undertaken to study the effect of one cultivar on another on callus formation ... more The experiment was undertaken to study the effect of one cultivar on another on callus formation in liquid medium. F1 hybrid seeds of cucumber cvs. Profito and Mascot were surface sterilized and germinated in vitro. Explants were taken from the leaves of plantlets and placed in induction medium, which was M&S supplemented with 2.0 mg·l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg·l-1 kinetin, no gelling agent and 3% sucrose; pH was adjusted to 5.8±2 before autoclaving at 120°C for 20min. Two explants from cv. Profito with two from cv. Mascot were inoculated into 5 cm petri-dishes divided into four parts by partitions with holes to let the media pass through. Controls had only one cultivar per petri dish. Callus weights were taken at the end of this stage. The cultivars had significantly different callus weights in liquid medium after 21 days. The Mascot explants when cultured alone in the liquid medium gave a mean weight of 160.2 mg callus, while when cultured with Profito explants in the same medium they gave ...
Cucumber seed used for greenhouse production consists mainly of F1 hybrids, which are preferred b... more Cucumber seed used for greenhouse production consists mainly of F1 hybrids, which are preferred by growers because of superior yield, improved diseaseresistance and good flavour. The production costs of the seed of F1 hybrids are high, and this is reflected in the price of the seed and the final produce. Artificial seed technology based on somatic embryogenesis may be one solution to the cost problem, as once the initial hybrid seed is produced it should be possible to clone it by generating somatic embryos.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of glutamine and casein concentrations on callus g... more This study was conducted to examine the effect of glutamine and casein concentrations on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Explant derived from offshoot tip was cultured on MS medium containing four different macro nutrients and different concentrations of casein and glutamine. The type and concentration of amino acid significantly affected the size and differentiation of date palm explant. As concentration increases the size and differentiation decreases up to 40% especially with casein, while 3gl -1 casein increase the callus weight up to 80g comparing with control which gave 20g. The best result of somatic embryos per treatment achieved with half macro nutrient medium supplemented with 3gl -1 casein This study provides an insight into the importance of optimizing various culture medium and amino acid components to overcome in vitro recalcitrance of date palm.
DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and reverse p... more DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and reverse primers. The identification with BOLD of approximately 688 base pairs sequence revealed maximum homology (99.84%) with C. mydas , which is a species of turtle has been declared “extinct in wild” by IUCN. The next closest species 93.79% , was N. depressa which has a restricted geographical distribution and was reported to be endemic to the Australian continental shelf. The finding of characteristic species-specific COI sequences offers the prospect of identifying marine turtle species by using DNA barcode methodology as an auxiliary tool for taxonomy. This can also be used during field work when identifying lost nests, animals stranded on beaches or those killed as part of catching in fishery nets. A further use is in forensic litigation when turtle eggs or meat are the only available material and for the development of Qatar gene bank information.
The combined role of carbohydrate and auxin is effective in root formation of date palm somatic e... more The combined role of carbohydrate and auxin is effective in root formation of date palm somatic embryos. The best combination resulted a mean of 2.5 roots per embryo and reached up to ten good and healthy roots when the rooting medium containing 60 g/l sucrose supplemented with NAA was used. 60 g/l sucrose combined with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/l of either NAA or IBA gave about 74% root thickness. IBA with a low sucrose concentration of 30 g/l promoted root length, while NAA was found to be superior over IBA, when a high concentration of sucrose of 60 g/l was used which may be due to the effect of NAA is on the main root while IBA on the lateral root. Key words: Auxins, Rooting, Combined effect, Date palm, Somatic embryos D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5429 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 127-132, 2009 (December)
ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. T... more ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. The maximum callus weight in the induction medium was 1215.4 mg with the cv. Natica using hypocotyl explants and the minimum was 487.6 mg with cv. Mascot using leaf explants. When auxin was available in the induction phase somatic embryos were obtained; the absence of cytokinin caused a reduction in the number of embryos. The number of somatic embryos increased with sucrose concentration to a maximum of 9% sucrose. Three weeks on induction medium was needed for production of somatic embryos; prolonged incubation (6 weeks) gave poor somatic embryo numbers. As auxin concentration decreased in maturation medium somatic embryo yield increased; the highest number was obtained in the absence of auxin. Generally, the culture of callus on maturation medium in darkness was superior to 16 h light for somatic embryogenesis. Leaf explants of the cultivar Profito gave 37.3 embryos per replicate which was the highest number recorded. In addition, this cultivar yielded embryos in the shortest time period (6 weeks). Satisfactory somatic embryo numbers were obtained after three weeks on induction medium, plus three weeks on maturation medium, or four weeks on induction medium, plus two weeks on maturation medium, or five weeks on induction medium, plus one week on maturation medium. Comparison of characteristics of cucumber plants derived from somatic embryogenesis with those obtained from seed showed no significant difference in phenotype of plants, or fruits, or genotype (using RAPD DNA tests).
In this study fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were used to study the genetic diversity of Sh... more In this study fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were used to study the genetic diversity of Shishi Date palm in Qatar. A total of 32 date palm (15 Shishi cultivar, 10 Khalas and seven male date palms) were collected from Qatar and 5 Shihi cultivars were collected from Saudi Arabia for comparison. The Shishi set collected from Qatar was selected from different regions to represent the genetic diversity of this cultivar. The results indicated 98 alleles produced from the 14 microsatellite markers, and the cluster analysis showed four major clusters corresponding o the geographical areas. Similarly, the structure analysis indicated four populations according to statistic K value. PCoA analysis showed three groups (A, B and C) separating Shishi (from Qatar) in group A, Khalas in group B and Shishi (from Saudi Arabia) in group C and no clear group separated the male genotypes. This indicates that the sexual propagation by seeds is the main source of variation in the date palm....
The effect of Ethyl-methane Sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination and seedling characters of broad... more The effect of Ethyl-methane Sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination and seedling characters of broad beans (Vicia faba L.) was analyzed in this investigation. The seeds were soaked in different percentages and durations of (EMS), then after sowing were irrigated with a range of NaCl concentration. The effect of EMS was observed based on the seed germination (%), and seedling characters such as: total fresh weight, root fresh weight and root length. Germination percentage generally decreases while concentrations of NaCl increases, however the interaction effect of EMS clearly appeared on concentration 6000 ppm NaCl, which positively increased the germination from 40% in absence of EMS to 60%, when 0.5 or 1% EMS were used. 24 hours soaking in EMS decreased the fresh weight from 33.36 to 13.55 gm per plant, in addition to the decrease of the root length from 22.0cm to 14.2cm per plant. The root nodulation of broad bean is not affected during the increase of NaCl, possibly due to the inter...
Abstract: DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and... more Abstract: DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and reverse primers. The identification with BOLD of approximately 688 base pairs sequence revealed maximum homology (99.84%) with C. mydas , which is a species of turtle has been declared "extinct in wild" by IUCN. The next closest species 93.79% , was N. depressa which has a restricted geographical distribution and was reported to be endemic to the Australian continental shelf. The finding of characteristic species-specific COI sequences offers the prospect of identifying marine turtle species by using DNA barcode methodology as an auxiliary tool for taxonomy. This can also be used during field work when identifying lost nests, animals stranded on beaches or those killed as part of catching in fishery nets. A further use is in forensic litigation when turtle eggs or meat are the only available material and for the development of Qatar gene bank information.
ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. T... more ABSTRACT Explants were taken from hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of five cucumber cultivars. The maximum callus weight in the induction medium was 1215.4 mg with the cv. Natica using hypocotyl explants and the minimum was 487.6 mg with cv. Mascot using leaf explants. When auxin was available in the induction phase somatic embryos were obtained; the absence of cytokinin caused a reduction in the number of embryos. The number of somatic embryos increased with sucrose concentration to a maximum of 9% sucrose. Three weeks on induction medium was needed for production of somatic embryos; prolonged incubation (6 weeks) gave poor somatic embryo numbers. As auxin concentration decreased in maturation medium somatic embryo yield increased; the highest number was obtained in the absence of auxin. Generally, the culture of callus on maturation medium in darkness was superior to 16 h light for somatic embryogenesis. Leaf explants of the cultivar Profito gave 37.3 embryos per replicate which was the highest number recorded. In addition, this cultivar yielded embryos in the shortest time period (6 weeks). Satisfactory somatic embryo numbers were obtained after three weeks on induction medium, plus three weeks on maturation medium, or four weeks on induction medium, plus two weeks on maturation medium, or five weeks on induction medium, plus one week on maturation medium. Comparison of characteristics of cucumber plants derived from somatic embryogenesis with those obtained from seed showed no significant difference in phenotype of plants, or fruits, or genotype (using RAPD DNA tests).
The experiment was undertaken to study the effect of one cultivar on another on callus formation ... more The experiment was undertaken to study the effect of one cultivar on another on callus formation in liquid medium. F1 hybrid seeds of cucumber cvs. Profito and Mascot were surface sterilized and germinated in vitro. Explants were taken from the leaves of plantlets and placed in induction medium, which was M&S supplemented with 2.0 mg·l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg·l-1 kinetin, no gelling agent and 3% sucrose; pH was adjusted to 5.8±2 before autoclaving at 120°C for 20min. Two explants from cv. Profito with two from cv. Mascot were inoculated into 5 cm petri-dishes divided into four parts by partitions with holes to let the media pass through. Controls had only one cultivar per petri dish. Callus weights were taken at the end of this stage. The cultivars had significantly different callus weights in liquid medium after 21 days. The Mascot explants when cultured alone in the liquid medium gave a mean weight of 160.2 mg callus, while when cultured with Profito explants in the same medium they gave ...
Cucumber seed used for greenhouse production consists mainly of F1 hybrids, which are preferred b... more Cucumber seed used for greenhouse production consists mainly of F1 hybrids, which are preferred by growers because of superior yield, improved diseaseresistance and good flavour. The production costs of the seed of F1 hybrids are high, and this is reflected in the price of the seed and the final produce. Artificial seed technology based on somatic embryogenesis may be one solution to the cost problem, as once the initial hybrid seed is produced it should be possible to clone it by generating somatic embryos.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of glutamine and casein concentrations on callus g... more This study was conducted to examine the effect of glutamine and casein concentrations on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Explant derived from offshoot tip was cultured on MS medium containing four different macro nutrients and different concentrations of casein and glutamine. The type and concentration of amino acid significantly affected the size and differentiation of date palm explant. As concentration increases the size and differentiation decreases up to 40% especially with casein, while 3gl -1 casein increase the callus weight up to 80g comparing with control which gave 20g. The best result of somatic embryos per treatment achieved with half macro nutrient medium supplemented with 3gl -1 casein This study provides an insight into the importance of optimizing various culture medium and amino acid components to overcome in vitro recalcitrance of date palm.
DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and reverse p... more DNA of Qatari C. mydas samples were successfully sequenced using the Folmer forward and reverse primers. The identification with BOLD of approximately 688 base pairs sequence revealed maximum homology (99.84%) with C. mydas , which is a species of turtle has been declared “extinct in wild” by IUCN. The next closest species 93.79% , was N. depressa which has a restricted geographical distribution and was reported to be endemic to the Australian continental shelf. The finding of characteristic species-specific COI sequences offers the prospect of identifying marine turtle species by using DNA barcode methodology as an auxiliary tool for taxonomy. This can also be used during field work when identifying lost nests, animals stranded on beaches or those killed as part of catching in fishery nets. A further use is in forensic litigation when turtle eggs or meat are the only available material and for the development of Qatar gene bank information.
The combined role of carbohydrate and auxin is effective in root formation of date palm somatic e... more The combined role of carbohydrate and auxin is effective in root formation of date palm somatic embryos. The best combination resulted a mean of 2.5 roots per embryo and reached up to ten good and healthy roots when the rooting medium containing 60 g/l sucrose supplemented with NAA was used. 60 g/l sucrose combined with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/l of either NAA or IBA gave about 74% root thickness. IBA with a low sucrose concentration of 30 g/l promoted root length, while NAA was found to be superior over IBA, when a high concentration of sucrose of 60 g/l was used which may be due to the effect of NAA is on the main root while IBA on the lateral root. Key words: Auxins, Rooting, Combined effect, Date palm, Somatic embryos D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5429 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 127-132, 2009 (December)
The most common characteristics that are used to identify
different cultivars of date palm are th... more The most common characteristics that are used to identify different cultivars of date palm are the morphology of leaves, spines, and fruit however, morphological traits are often unreliable or imprecise indicators of plant genotype because they are influenced by environmental conditions and vary with the developmental stage of plants. Marker technology using DNA fingerprinting methods such as Microsatellite SSR marker has become increasingly important in recent years to discriminate closely related plant cultivars and have been used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of date palm cultivars in many countries
Characterization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars is valuable for identification, ... more Characterization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars is valuable for identification, conservation and breeding programs. Three elite date palm cultivars (Taghyat, Tafsert and Talees) grown in one of the most important areas of date palm cultivation in southern region of Libya (Sabha, Ubari and Murziq). These cultivars were investigated throughout the physical characters of the fruit. The obtained results revealed that physical property of date palm fruit were affected significantly by different cultivars and geographical growing regions
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different cultivars of date palm are the morphology of leaves,
spines, and fruit however, morphological traits are often
unreliable or imprecise indicators of plant genotype because they
are influenced by environmental conditions and vary with the
developmental stage of plants. Marker technology using DNA
fingerprinting methods such as Microsatellite SSR marker has
become increasingly important in recent years to discriminate
closely related plant cultivars and have been used to study the
genetic diversity and relationships of date palm cultivars in many
countries