Papers by Sarmad S A B E E H Al-Obaidi
Micron thick Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) coatings exhibiting a nano-structured, anatase, mesoporous
s... more Micron thick Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) coatings exhibiting a nano-structured, anatase, mesoporous
structure were successfully deposited across a range of polymer, conductive glass and
metallic substrates at low velocities using a microblasting technique. This process was
conducted at atmospheric pressure using compressed air as the carrier gas and commercially
available agglomerated nano particles of TiO2 as the feedstock. An examination of the effect
of impact kinetics on the agglomerated powder before and after deposition was undertaken. A
further examination of the coating microstructure along with photocurrent density
measurements before and after thermal treatments was explored. Owing to the low
temperature and velocity of the powder during deposition no change in phase of the powder
or damage to the substrate was observed. The resulting TiO2 coatings exhibited relatively
good adhesion on both titanium and FTO coated glass substrates with coating thickness of
approximately 1.5 μm. Photo-catalytic performance was measured under solar simulator
illumination using a photo-electrochemical cell (PEC) with a 5 fold increase in performance
observed after thermal treatment of the TiO2 coated substrates. Microblasting was
demonstrated to be a rapid and cost effective method for the deposition of nano-structured,
photo-catalytic, anatase TiO2 coatings.
The first scientific opinion on the safe use of titanium dioxide as a UV-filter at a maximum 4 co... more The first scientific opinion on the safe use of titanium dioxide as a UV-filter at a maximum 4 concentration of 25% in cosmetic products was adopted 24 October 2000 by the SCCNFP 5 (SCCNFP/0005/98). 6
However, a review of the substance in its nanoform is deemed necessary according to the 7 opinion on Safety of Nanomaterials in Cosmetic Products adopted on 18 December 2007 8 (SCCP/1147/07), where it is stated that: 9
10
"The SCCNFP opinion from 2000 (SCCNFP/0005/98) is on micro-crystalline preparations of 11 TiO2 and preparations of coarse particles. However, since this opinion, new scientific data 12 on nanosized particles including, TiO2 has become available. Therefore, the SCCP considers 13 it necessary to review the safety of nanosized TiO2 in the light of recent information. Also, a 14 safety assessment of nanosized TiO2, taking into account abnormal skin conditions and the 15 possible impact of mechanical effects on skin penetration needs to be undertaken". 16
17
Supplementary information on nanosized Titanium dioxide was submitted following a 18 meeting with stakeholders on 1 October 2008, where data requirements were agreed. 19
20
Titanium Dioxide is currently regulated - irrespectively of its form - as a UV-filter in a 21 concentration up to 25% in cosmetic products in Annex VII, entry 27 of the Cosmetics 22 Directive.
In this work, Nanostructured TiO 2 thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniq... more In this work, Nanostructured TiO 2 thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on glass substrates at 300 °C. TiO 2 thin films were then annealed at 400-600 °C in air for a period of 2 hours. Effect of annealing on the structure, morphology and optical properties were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements confirmed that the films grown by this technique have good crystalline tetragonal mixed anatase and rutile phase structure and homogeneous surface. The study also reveals that the RMS value of thin films roughness increased with increasing annealing temperature .The optical properties of the films were studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The optical transmission results shows that the transmission over than ~65% which decrease with the increasing of annealing temperatures. The allowed indirect optical band gap of the films was estimated to be in the range from 3.49 to 3.1 eV. The allowed direct band gap was found to decrease from 3.74 to 3.55 eV with the increase of annealing temperature. The refractive index of the films was found from 2.27 -2.98 at 550nm. The extinction coefficient increase with annealing temperature.
vi First of all, praise be to ALLAH for helping and supporting me in every thing I would like to ... more vi First of all, praise be to ALLAH for helping and supporting me in every thing I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude & appreciation to my Supervisor's Dr.Ali Ahmed Yousif Al-Shammari whom guided and supported me in every possible way with them experience, motivation, and he positive attitude.
Journal of Materials Science, Jan 1, 2009
In this study, we have studied the effect of repeated annealing temperatures on TiO2 thin films p... more In this study, we have studied the effect of repeated annealing temperatures on TiO2 thin films prepared by dip-coating sol–gel method onto the glasses and silicon substrates. The TiO2 thin films coated samples were repeatedly annealed in the air at temperatures 100, 200, and 300 °C for 5 min period. The dipping processes were repeated 5 to 10 times in order to increase the thickness of the films and then the TiO2 thin films were annealed at a fixed temperature of 500 °C for 1 h period. The effect of repeated annealing temperature on the TiO2 thin films prepared on glass substrate were investigated by means of UV–VIS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was observed that the thickness, average crystallite size, and average grain size of TiO2 samples decreased with increasing pre-heating temperature. On the other hand, thickness, average crystallite size, and average grain size of TiO2 films were increased with increasing number of the layer. Al/TiO2/p-Si metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures were obtained from the films prepared on p-type single silicon wafer substrate. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G/ω–V) measurements of the prepared MIS structures were conducted at room temperature. Series resistance (R s) and oxide capacitance (C ox) of each structures were determined by means of the C–V curves.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the affluence of annealing atmosphere condition towar... more The purpose of this paper is to investigate the affluence of annealing atmosphere condition towards the formation of titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic application. The design and fabrication of titania powder is modified from Parkody and Arakiamary using titanium isopropoxide as precursor and annealed at temperature of 300°C for 4 hours. Distinct peaks of pure anatase are present at 25.4°, 37.8°,
Books by Sarmad S A B E E H Al-Obaidi
Lasers and Non Linear Optics The Whole Book
By
B.B. Laud
Norbert Koch, Nobuo Ueno, and Andrew T.S. Wee, 2013
The Molecule–Metal Interface
Edited by
Norbert Koch, Nobuo Ueno, and
Andrew T.S. Wee
Preface
Org... more The Molecule–Metal Interface
Edited by
Norbert Koch, Nobuo Ueno, and
Andrew T.S. Wee
Preface
Organic electronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes carbon-based entities
such as semiconducting polymers and molecules as its basic building blocks. This
is in contrast to traditional electronics that use inorganic semiconductors, for example,
silicon, to fabricate the basic microelectronic components such as the transistor.
Significant progress has been made in the field of organic electronics over the
past few decades, driven largely by lower cost manufacturing methods and the use
of flexible substrates. Organic devices are already in use today as photoconductors
in copiers and laser printers, and newer applications such as organic light emitting
diodes (OLED), organic solar cells (OSC) and organic field effect transistors (OFET)
have already reached the market.
Nobel laureate Herbert Kroemer coined the phrase the interface is the device when
he referred to heterogeneous inorganic semiconductor structures. As is the case
with inorganic semiconductors, the most important components of the organic device
are its interfaces. In particular, the interactions between the organic semiconductor
and electrodes critically determine the properties of the organic device, and
hence the molecular-metal interface is chosen as the theme of this book. For example,
in an OLED, the injection of electrons and holes from the electrodes is a crucial
process, and formation of a molecular exciton via the formation of a bound state
of an electron and hole gives rise to light emission. In an OSC, where the function
is basically the reverse of the OLED, electrons and holes, resulting from exciton
dissociation at relevant organic–organic interfaces, are separated in the interfacial
band bending regions that also depend on the organic–metal electrode interfaces.
Hence, a fundamental understanding of the molecule–metal interface and its associated
electronic structure forms the basis for improving the device performance.
In the subfield of molecular electronics, which involves the use of single molecules
as building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components, an understanding
of the molecule–metal interface is even more critical. Molecular electronics provides
a device miniaturization pathway to extend Moore’s Law beyond the limits
of silicon-integrated circuits, since a single molecule device is inherently in the
nanometer scale.
First Edition, 2001. All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a ret... more First Edition, 2001. All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
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Papers by Sarmad S A B E E H Al-Obaidi
structure were successfully deposited across a range of polymer, conductive glass and
metallic substrates at low velocities using a microblasting technique. This process was
conducted at atmospheric pressure using compressed air as the carrier gas and commercially
available agglomerated nano particles of TiO2 as the feedstock. An examination of the effect
of impact kinetics on the agglomerated powder before and after deposition was undertaken. A
further examination of the coating microstructure along with photocurrent density
measurements before and after thermal treatments was explored. Owing to the low
temperature and velocity of the powder during deposition no change in phase of the powder
or damage to the substrate was observed. The resulting TiO2 coatings exhibited relatively
good adhesion on both titanium and FTO coated glass substrates with coating thickness of
approximately 1.5 μm. Photo-catalytic performance was measured under solar simulator
illumination using a photo-electrochemical cell (PEC) with a 5 fold increase in performance
observed after thermal treatment of the TiO2 coated substrates. Microblasting was
demonstrated to be a rapid and cost effective method for the deposition of nano-structured,
photo-catalytic, anatase TiO2 coatings.
However, a review of the substance in its nanoform is deemed necessary according to the 7 opinion on Safety of Nanomaterials in Cosmetic Products adopted on 18 December 2007 8 (SCCP/1147/07), where it is stated that: 9
10
"The SCCNFP opinion from 2000 (SCCNFP/0005/98) is on micro-crystalline preparations of 11 TiO2 and preparations of coarse particles. However, since this opinion, new scientific data 12 on nanosized particles including, TiO2 has become available. Therefore, the SCCP considers 13 it necessary to review the safety of nanosized TiO2 in the light of recent information. Also, a 14 safety assessment of nanosized TiO2, taking into account abnormal skin conditions and the 15 possible impact of mechanical effects on skin penetration needs to be undertaken". 16
17
Supplementary information on nanosized Titanium dioxide was submitted following a 18 meeting with stakeholders on 1 October 2008, where data requirements were agreed. 19
20
Titanium Dioxide is currently regulated - irrespectively of its form - as a UV-filter in a 21 concentration up to 25% in cosmetic products in Annex VII, entry 27 of the Cosmetics 22 Directive.
Books by Sarmad S A B E E H Al-Obaidi
Edited by
Norbert Koch, Nobuo Ueno, and
Andrew T.S. Wee
Preface
Organic electronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes carbon-based entities
such as semiconducting polymers and molecules as its basic building blocks. This
is in contrast to traditional electronics that use inorganic semiconductors, for example,
silicon, to fabricate the basic microelectronic components such as the transistor.
Significant progress has been made in the field of organic electronics over the
past few decades, driven largely by lower cost manufacturing methods and the use
of flexible substrates. Organic devices are already in use today as photoconductors
in copiers and laser printers, and newer applications such as organic light emitting
diodes (OLED), organic solar cells (OSC) and organic field effect transistors (OFET)
have already reached the market.
Nobel laureate Herbert Kroemer coined the phrase the interface is the device when
he referred to heterogeneous inorganic semiconductor structures. As is the case
with inorganic semiconductors, the most important components of the organic device
are its interfaces. In particular, the interactions between the organic semiconductor
and electrodes critically determine the properties of the organic device, and
hence the molecular-metal interface is chosen as the theme of this book. For example,
in an OLED, the injection of electrons and holes from the electrodes is a crucial
process, and formation of a molecular exciton via the formation of a bound state
of an electron and hole gives rise to light emission. In an OSC, where the function
is basically the reverse of the OLED, electrons and holes, resulting from exciton
dissociation at relevant organic–organic interfaces, are separated in the interfacial
band bending regions that also depend on the organic–metal electrode interfaces.
Hence, a fundamental understanding of the molecule–metal interface and its associated
electronic structure forms the basis for improving the device performance.
In the subfield of molecular electronics, which involves the use of single molecules
as building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components, an understanding
of the molecule–metal interface is even more critical. Molecular electronics provides
a device miniaturization pathway to extend Moore’s Law beyond the limits
of silicon-integrated circuits, since a single molecule device is inherently in the
nanometer scale.
structure were successfully deposited across a range of polymer, conductive glass and
metallic substrates at low velocities using a microblasting technique. This process was
conducted at atmospheric pressure using compressed air as the carrier gas and commercially
available agglomerated nano particles of TiO2 as the feedstock. An examination of the effect
of impact kinetics on the agglomerated powder before and after deposition was undertaken. A
further examination of the coating microstructure along with photocurrent density
measurements before and after thermal treatments was explored. Owing to the low
temperature and velocity of the powder during deposition no change in phase of the powder
or damage to the substrate was observed. The resulting TiO2 coatings exhibited relatively
good adhesion on both titanium and FTO coated glass substrates with coating thickness of
approximately 1.5 μm. Photo-catalytic performance was measured under solar simulator
illumination using a photo-electrochemical cell (PEC) with a 5 fold increase in performance
observed after thermal treatment of the TiO2 coated substrates. Microblasting was
demonstrated to be a rapid and cost effective method for the deposition of nano-structured,
photo-catalytic, anatase TiO2 coatings.
However, a review of the substance in its nanoform is deemed necessary according to the 7 opinion on Safety of Nanomaterials in Cosmetic Products adopted on 18 December 2007 8 (SCCP/1147/07), where it is stated that: 9
10
"The SCCNFP opinion from 2000 (SCCNFP/0005/98) is on micro-crystalline preparations of 11 TiO2 and preparations of coarse particles. However, since this opinion, new scientific data 12 on nanosized particles including, TiO2 has become available. Therefore, the SCCP considers 13 it necessary to review the safety of nanosized TiO2 in the light of recent information. Also, a 14 safety assessment of nanosized TiO2, taking into account abnormal skin conditions and the 15 possible impact of mechanical effects on skin penetration needs to be undertaken". 16
17
Supplementary information on nanosized Titanium dioxide was submitted following a 18 meeting with stakeholders on 1 October 2008, where data requirements were agreed. 19
20
Titanium Dioxide is currently regulated - irrespectively of its form - as a UV-filter in a 21 concentration up to 25% in cosmetic products in Annex VII, entry 27 of the Cosmetics 22 Directive.
Edited by
Norbert Koch, Nobuo Ueno, and
Andrew T.S. Wee
Preface
Organic electronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes carbon-based entities
such as semiconducting polymers and molecules as its basic building blocks. This
is in contrast to traditional electronics that use inorganic semiconductors, for example,
silicon, to fabricate the basic microelectronic components such as the transistor.
Significant progress has been made in the field of organic electronics over the
past few decades, driven largely by lower cost manufacturing methods and the use
of flexible substrates. Organic devices are already in use today as photoconductors
in copiers and laser printers, and newer applications such as organic light emitting
diodes (OLED), organic solar cells (OSC) and organic field effect transistors (OFET)
have already reached the market.
Nobel laureate Herbert Kroemer coined the phrase the interface is the device when
he referred to heterogeneous inorganic semiconductor structures. As is the case
with inorganic semiconductors, the most important components of the organic device
are its interfaces. In particular, the interactions between the organic semiconductor
and electrodes critically determine the properties of the organic device, and
hence the molecular-metal interface is chosen as the theme of this book. For example,
in an OLED, the injection of electrons and holes from the electrodes is a crucial
process, and formation of a molecular exciton via the formation of a bound state
of an electron and hole gives rise to light emission. In an OSC, where the function
is basically the reverse of the OLED, electrons and holes, resulting from exciton
dissociation at relevant organic–organic interfaces, are separated in the interfacial
band bending regions that also depend on the organic–metal electrode interfaces.
Hence, a fundamental understanding of the molecule–metal interface and its associated
electronic structure forms the basis for improving the device performance.
In the subfield of molecular electronics, which involves the use of single molecules
as building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components, an understanding
of the molecule–metal interface is even more critical. Molecular electronics provides
a device miniaturization pathway to extend Moore’s Law beyond the limits
of silicon-integrated circuits, since a single molecule device is inherently in the
nanometer scale.