Supplemental material, Quality_assessment_supplementary_data for A systematic review of the effec... more Supplemental material, Quality_assessment_supplementary_data for A systematic review of the effect of footwear, foot orthoses and taping on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running by Joanna Reeves, Richard Jones, Anmin Liu, Leah Bent, Emma Plater and Christopher Nester in Prosthetics and Orthotics International
Foot sole skin interfaces with the ground and contributes to successful balance. In situations wi... more Foot sole skin interfaces with the ground and contributes to successful balance. In situations with reduced sensitivity in the glabrous foot skin, stochastic resonance (SR) improves skin sensitivity by adding tactile noise. Some situations, however, involve an interface comprised of hairy skin, which has higher thresholds for sensitivity. For example, in lower extremity amputation the residual limb is comprised of hairy leg skin. The main objective of this study was to determine if SR improves skin sensitivity in hairy skin, and whether a specific intensity of noise is most effective. Secondary objectives were to compare the effect between locations, ages and modalities. In 60 healthy participants a vibrotactile (test) input was delivered at the lower extremity concurrently with a second, noisy stimulus applied more proximally. The presence of a remote SR effect was tested in 15 young participants using electrotactile noise at the calf. Secondary objectives were tested in separate g...
Background Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides nume... more Background Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides numerous health benefits for individuals who are overweight and obese and have or are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Purpose The purpose of this review was to identify different types of physical training programs (aerobic, resistance, or combined), with or without counseling/diet modifications, and their impact on physical fitness in individuals who have class II and III obesity. Data Sources Medline and Medline In-Process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017. Study Selection This review had the following inclusion criteria: body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 and age 18 years or older; supervised physical training program; randomized controlled trial; physical fitness outcome (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular en...
Background: External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading o... more Background: External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading of the foot, which could result in altered muscle activity that could have therapeutic benefits. Objectives: To establish if evidence exists that footwear, foot orthoses and taping alter lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. Study design: Systematic literature review. Methods: CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Quality assessment was performed using guidelines for assessing healthcare interventions and electromyography methodology. Results: Thirty-one studies were included: 22 related to footwear, eight foot orthoses and one taping. In walking, (1) rocker footwear apparently decreases tibialis anterior activity and increases triceps surae activity, (2) orthoses could decrease activity of tibialis posterior and increase activity of peroneus longus and (3) other footwear and taping effects are unclear. Conclusion: Modific...
Supplemental material, Quality_assessment_supplementary_data for A systematic review of the effec... more Supplemental material, Quality_assessment_supplementary_data for A systematic review of the effect of footwear, foot orthoses and taping on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running by Joanna Reeves, Richard Jones, Anmin Liu, Leah Bent, Emma Plater and Christopher Nester in Prosthetics and Orthotics International
Foot sole skin interfaces with the ground and contributes to successful balance. In situations wi... more Foot sole skin interfaces with the ground and contributes to successful balance. In situations with reduced sensitivity in the glabrous foot skin, stochastic resonance (SR) improves skin sensitivity by adding tactile noise. Some situations, however, involve an interface comprised of hairy skin, which has higher thresholds for sensitivity. For example, in lower extremity amputation the residual limb is comprised of hairy leg skin. The main objective of this study was to determine if SR improves skin sensitivity in hairy skin, and whether a specific intensity of noise is most effective. Secondary objectives were to compare the effect between locations, ages and modalities. In 60 healthy participants a vibrotactile (test) input was delivered at the lower extremity concurrently with a second, noisy stimulus applied more proximally. The presence of a remote SR effect was tested in 15 young participants using electrotactile noise at the calf. Secondary objectives were tested in separate g...
Background Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides nume... more Background Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides numerous health benefits for individuals who are overweight and obese and have or are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Purpose The purpose of this review was to identify different types of physical training programs (aerobic, resistance, or combined), with or without counseling/diet modifications, and their impact on physical fitness in individuals who have class II and III obesity. Data Sources Medline and Medline In-Process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017. Study Selection This review had the following inclusion criteria: body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 and age 18 years or older; supervised physical training program; randomized controlled trial; physical fitness outcome (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular en...
Background: External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading o... more Background: External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading of the foot, which could result in altered muscle activity that could have therapeutic benefits. Objectives: To establish if evidence exists that footwear, foot orthoses and taping alter lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. Study design: Systematic literature review. Methods: CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Quality assessment was performed using guidelines for assessing healthcare interventions and electromyography methodology. Results: Thirty-one studies were included: 22 related to footwear, eight foot orthoses and one taping. In walking, (1) rocker footwear apparently decreases tibialis anterior activity and increases triceps surae activity, (2) orthoses could decrease activity of tibialis posterior and increase activity of peroneus longus and (3) other footwear and taping effects are unclear. Conclusion: Modific...
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