The meat processing industries contain a lot of buffalo meat by-products as waste materials which... more The meat processing industries contain a lot of buffalo meat by-products as waste materials which create several health hazards and environmental pollution. India rank first in buffalo meat in the word. The by products of buffalo meat contain vitamins and minerals, which makes it functional and nutritional. Investigations were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of tripe meal and rice flour on development, quality evaluation and storage stability of pet food under ambient condition. The quality of pet food was based on physicochemical characteristics namely moisture, ash, fat, protein content, pH, The Analysis using paired sample t-test for optimization. There was moisture content (8.211%), Ash content (3.571%), protein (17.85%), pH (6.688) and fat in the range (14.323%). The analysis model was found significant for protein, pH, ash and were not significant for moisture and fat.
Investigations were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of tripe meal and rice flour... more Investigations were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of tripe meal and rice flour on development, quality evaluation and storage stability of pet food under ambient condition. Different levels of tripe meal (5055%) and rice meal (40–45%) were incorporated while other ingredients like bone meal were added in the same ratio in all twenty one samples. The quality of pet food was based on physicochemical characteristics namely moisture, ash, fat, protein content, pH, TBA number (Thiobarbituric acid) and microbial characteristic viz TPC (total plat count). The RSM (Response surface methodology) was applied to study the effect of tripe meal, rice flour and other ingredients and for optimization. During ambient storage moisture content of pet food samples was found to increase slightly. There was apparent decrease in fat and protein content of pet food samples during ambient storage mainly due to the increase in moisture content. There was slight decrease in pH of pet food ...
This study examines the effect of characteristics of entrepreneur and characteristics of the firm... more This study examines the effect of characteristics of entrepreneur and characteristics of the firm on the business success of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangladesh. The study is based on survey methodology through a questionnaire administered on the owners and employees of small firms. Data are analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Two hypotheses are proposed and tested. The characteristic of entrepreneur is found to be a significant factor for business success of SMEs in Bangladesh. However the firm characteristics are found not to be significant factor on the business success of SMEs in Bangladesh. The results of the analysis show that only one of the demographic factors which is duration of organization operated has significant effect toward business success of SMEs. SMEs that are operated longer period have been more successful in comparison to those who have been in operation for a shorter period. In addition to this, independent sample t-test shows...
We demonstrate an open-path, compact, low power, VCSEL based sensor for measuring trace gas speci... more We demonstrate an open-path, compact, low power, VCSEL based sensor for measuring trace gas species in the atmosphere. The sensor was tested on a robotic UAV helicopter and demonstrated stable performance throughout its operation.
The Earth's surface and its atmosphere maintain a ``Radiation Balance.'' Any factor w... more The Earth's surface and its atmosphere maintain a ``Radiation Balance.'' Any factor which influences this balance is labeled as a mechanism of ``Radiative Forcing'' (RF). Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations are among the most important forcing mechanisms. Methane, the second-most-abundant noncondensing greenhouse gas, is over 25 times more effective per molecule at radiating heat than the most abundant, Carbon Dioxide. Methane is also the principal component of Natural Gas, and gas leaks can cause explosions. Additionally, massive quantities of methane reside (in the form of natural gas) in underground shale basins. Recent technological advancements--specifically the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing--have allowed drillers access to portions of these ``plays'' which were previously unreachable, leading to an exponential growth in the shale gas industry. Presently, very little is known about the amount of methane which escapes int...
Obesity is a known risk factor for various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recen... more Obesity is a known risk factor for various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recently we demonstrated that female angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) had higher body weight and adiposity with a parallel reduction in estrogen (17,β-estradiol/E2). The present study investigated whether the anti-adiposity effects of the AT2R are estrogen-dependent in female mice. Female C57BL/6 ovary-intact (Ovi) mice were treated with an AT2R agonist (C21, 0.3mg/kg, daily i.p.). Ovariectomized (Ovx) mice, supplemented with E2 (5μg/day, pellets implanted subcutaneously), were treated with an AT2R agonist (C21, 0.3mg/kg, daily i.p.) or vehicle. After 4-days of pre-treatment with C21, Ovi and Ovx mice were placed on either normal diet (ND) or HFD while the C21 treatment continued for the next 10days. For a long-term study, Ovi mice were placed on HFD and treated with C21 for 12weeks. Ovi mice fed the HFD had increased parametrial white adipose tissue (pWAT) weight, plasma free fatty acid and triglycerides compared to Ovi mice on ND. Ovariectomy alone caused similar changes in these parameters which were further increased by HFD-feeding. C21 treatment attenuated these HFD-induced changes in Ovi as well as Ovx mice. HFD also, increased the liver/body-weight ratio and decreased the liver expression of the β-oxidation enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1-A). C21 treatment attenuated these changes as well. The long-term C21 treatment of Ovi mice lowered the HFD-induced body weight gain, increase in pWAT weight, parametrial adipocyte size and hyperinsulinemia induced by HFD. Finally, HFD drastically reduced urinary estrogen and the beneficial metabolic changes in response to C21-treatment occurred without significantly increasing urinary estrogen. We suggest that the pharmacological activation of AT2R by the agonist C21 reduces adiposity and body weight gain independent of estrogen in female mice. Improvement in fatty acid metabolism is a potential mechanism by which the AT2R exerts anti-adiposity effects.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2013
Microvascular loss may be an unappreciated root cause of chronic rejection for all solid organ tr... more Microvascular loss may be an unappreciated root cause of chronic rejection for all solid organ transplants. As the only solid organ transplant that does not undergo primary systemic arterial revascularization at the time of surgery, lung transplants rely on the establishment of a microcirculation and are especially vulnerable to the effects of microvascular loss. Microangiopathy, with its attendant ischemia, can lead to tissue infarction and airway fibrosis. Maintaining healthy vasculature in lung allografts may be critical for preventing terminal airway fibrosis, also known as the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS is the major obstacle to lung transplant success and affects up to 60% of patients surviving 5 years. The role of complement in causing acute microvascular loss and ischemia during rejection has recently been examined using the mouse orthotopic tracheal transplantation; this is an ideal model for parsing the role of airway vasculature in rejection. Prior to the...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2014
This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression among patients with type-II diabetes me... more This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression among patients with type-II diabetes mellitus in Peshawar at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from March to September 2010. Depression was assessed by using Beck Depressive Inventory-II (BDI-II). Out of 140 patients with type-II diabetes, 85 (61%) were women and 55 (39%) were men. Mean age was 45±7.45 years. Eighty four (60%) patients presented with severe depression. Depression was higher in females than males and widows. Depression was high in diabetic patients, especially in females and widows. It is of essence that psychiatric attention may be necessary to be incorporated in diabetes care both for prevention and treatment.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2005
To share our experience of 154 cases of clinical vitamin A deficiency in Pakistani children. The ... more To share our experience of 154 cases of clinical vitamin A deficiency in Pakistani children. The data on age, sex, date of presentation and clinical stage of vitamin A deficiency was recorded. A total of 154 children aged 0-15 years suffering from clinical vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia) were recorded. One hundred and twenty three (79.9%) children were 0-6 years with 99 (64.3%) male children. Blinding xerophthalmia (corneal xerosis, corneal ulcers ad keratomalacia) was present in 94 (61%) children. Thirty nine percent children presented in summer, 28% in autumn, 20% in winter and 13% in spring respectively. This report indicates that clinical cases of vitamin A deficiency in children do occur in Pakistan. Children under 6 years of age are the most vulnerable age group and there is a seasonal variation in presentation. Both life and sight of these children are at risk. Community based studies may be helpful to identify the magnitude of the problem and possible risk factors at na...
We demonstrate a real-time calibration of open-path ammonia sensing with an ethylene reference ce... more We demonstrate a real-time calibration of open-path ammonia sensing with an ethylene reference cell. Different harmonic WMS signals separate ethylene and ammonia so that ethylene signal varies within 1% under ambient ammonia concentration.
The meat processing industries contain a lot of buffalo meat by-products as waste materials which... more The meat processing industries contain a lot of buffalo meat by-products as waste materials which create several health hazards and environmental pollution. India rank first in buffalo meat in the word. The by products of buffalo meat contain vitamins and minerals, which makes it functional and nutritional. Investigations were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of tripe meal and rice flour on development, quality evaluation and storage stability of pet food under ambient condition. The quality of pet food was based on physicochemical characteristics namely moisture, ash, fat, protein content, pH, The Analysis using paired sample t-test for optimization. There was moisture content (8.211%), Ash content (3.571%), protein (17.85%), pH (6.688) and fat in the range (14.323%). The analysis model was found significant for protein, pH, ash and were not significant for moisture and fat.
Investigations were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of tripe meal and rice flour... more Investigations were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of tripe meal and rice flour on development, quality evaluation and storage stability of pet food under ambient condition. Different levels of tripe meal (5055%) and rice meal (40–45%) were incorporated while other ingredients like bone meal were added in the same ratio in all twenty one samples. The quality of pet food was based on physicochemical characteristics namely moisture, ash, fat, protein content, pH, TBA number (Thiobarbituric acid) and microbial characteristic viz TPC (total plat count). The RSM (Response surface methodology) was applied to study the effect of tripe meal, rice flour and other ingredients and for optimization. During ambient storage moisture content of pet food samples was found to increase slightly. There was apparent decrease in fat and protein content of pet food samples during ambient storage mainly due to the increase in moisture content. There was slight decrease in pH of pet food ...
This study examines the effect of characteristics of entrepreneur and characteristics of the firm... more This study examines the effect of characteristics of entrepreneur and characteristics of the firm on the business success of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangladesh. The study is based on survey methodology through a questionnaire administered on the owners and employees of small firms. Data are analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Two hypotheses are proposed and tested. The characteristic of entrepreneur is found to be a significant factor for business success of SMEs in Bangladesh. However the firm characteristics are found not to be significant factor on the business success of SMEs in Bangladesh. The results of the analysis show that only one of the demographic factors which is duration of organization operated has significant effect toward business success of SMEs. SMEs that are operated longer period have been more successful in comparison to those who have been in operation for a shorter period. In addition to this, independent sample t-test shows...
We demonstrate an open-path, compact, low power, VCSEL based sensor for measuring trace gas speci... more We demonstrate an open-path, compact, low power, VCSEL based sensor for measuring trace gas species in the atmosphere. The sensor was tested on a robotic UAV helicopter and demonstrated stable performance throughout its operation.
The Earth's surface and its atmosphere maintain a ``Radiation Balance.'' Any factor w... more The Earth's surface and its atmosphere maintain a ``Radiation Balance.'' Any factor which influences this balance is labeled as a mechanism of ``Radiative Forcing'' (RF). Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations are among the most important forcing mechanisms. Methane, the second-most-abundant noncondensing greenhouse gas, is over 25 times more effective per molecule at radiating heat than the most abundant, Carbon Dioxide. Methane is also the principal component of Natural Gas, and gas leaks can cause explosions. Additionally, massive quantities of methane reside (in the form of natural gas) in underground shale basins. Recent technological advancements--specifically the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing--have allowed drillers access to portions of these ``plays'' which were previously unreachable, leading to an exponential growth in the shale gas industry. Presently, very little is known about the amount of methane which escapes int...
Obesity is a known risk factor for various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recen... more Obesity is a known risk factor for various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recently we demonstrated that female angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) had higher body weight and adiposity with a parallel reduction in estrogen (17,β-estradiol/E2). The present study investigated whether the anti-adiposity effects of the AT2R are estrogen-dependent in female mice. Female C57BL/6 ovary-intact (Ovi) mice were treated with an AT2R agonist (C21, 0.3mg/kg, daily i.p.). Ovariectomized (Ovx) mice, supplemented with E2 (5μg/day, pellets implanted subcutaneously), were treated with an AT2R agonist (C21, 0.3mg/kg, daily i.p.) or vehicle. After 4-days of pre-treatment with C21, Ovi and Ovx mice were placed on either normal diet (ND) or HFD while the C21 treatment continued for the next 10days. For a long-term study, Ovi mice were placed on HFD and treated with C21 for 12weeks. Ovi mice fed the HFD had increased parametrial white adipose tissue (pWAT) weight, plasma free fatty acid and triglycerides compared to Ovi mice on ND. Ovariectomy alone caused similar changes in these parameters which were further increased by HFD-feeding. C21 treatment attenuated these HFD-induced changes in Ovi as well as Ovx mice. HFD also, increased the liver/body-weight ratio and decreased the liver expression of the β-oxidation enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1-A). C21 treatment attenuated these changes as well. The long-term C21 treatment of Ovi mice lowered the HFD-induced body weight gain, increase in pWAT weight, parametrial adipocyte size and hyperinsulinemia induced by HFD. Finally, HFD drastically reduced urinary estrogen and the beneficial metabolic changes in response to C21-treatment occurred without significantly increasing urinary estrogen. We suggest that the pharmacological activation of AT2R by the agonist C21 reduces adiposity and body weight gain independent of estrogen in female mice. Improvement in fatty acid metabolism is a potential mechanism by which the AT2R exerts anti-adiposity effects.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2013
Microvascular loss may be an unappreciated root cause of chronic rejection for all solid organ tr... more Microvascular loss may be an unappreciated root cause of chronic rejection for all solid organ transplants. As the only solid organ transplant that does not undergo primary systemic arterial revascularization at the time of surgery, lung transplants rely on the establishment of a microcirculation and are especially vulnerable to the effects of microvascular loss. Microangiopathy, with its attendant ischemia, can lead to tissue infarction and airway fibrosis. Maintaining healthy vasculature in lung allografts may be critical for preventing terminal airway fibrosis, also known as the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS is the major obstacle to lung transplant success and affects up to 60% of patients surviving 5 years. The role of complement in causing acute microvascular loss and ischemia during rejection has recently been examined using the mouse orthotopic tracheal transplantation; this is an ideal model for parsing the role of airway vasculature in rejection. Prior to the...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2014
This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression among patients with type-II diabetes me... more This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression among patients with type-II diabetes mellitus in Peshawar at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from March to September 2010. Depression was assessed by using Beck Depressive Inventory-II (BDI-II). Out of 140 patients with type-II diabetes, 85 (61%) were women and 55 (39%) were men. Mean age was 45±7.45 years. Eighty four (60%) patients presented with severe depression. Depression was higher in females than males and widows. Depression was high in diabetic patients, especially in females and widows. It is of essence that psychiatric attention may be necessary to be incorporated in diabetes care both for prevention and treatment.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2005
To share our experience of 154 cases of clinical vitamin A deficiency in Pakistani children. The ... more To share our experience of 154 cases of clinical vitamin A deficiency in Pakistani children. The data on age, sex, date of presentation and clinical stage of vitamin A deficiency was recorded. A total of 154 children aged 0-15 years suffering from clinical vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia) were recorded. One hundred and twenty three (79.9%) children were 0-6 years with 99 (64.3%) male children. Blinding xerophthalmia (corneal xerosis, corneal ulcers ad keratomalacia) was present in 94 (61%) children. Thirty nine percent children presented in summer, 28% in autumn, 20% in winter and 13% in spring respectively. This report indicates that clinical cases of vitamin A deficiency in children do occur in Pakistan. Children under 6 years of age are the most vulnerable age group and there is a seasonal variation in presentation. Both life and sight of these children are at risk. Community based studies may be helpful to identify the magnitude of the problem and possible risk factors at na...
We demonstrate a real-time calibration of open-path ammonia sensing with an ethylene reference ce... more We demonstrate a real-time calibration of open-path ammonia sensing with an ethylene reference cell. Different harmonic WMS signals separate ethylene and ammonia so that ethylene signal varies within 1% under ambient ammonia concentration.
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