Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment an... more Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment and lives of living creatures. Because of technological and industrial advancements, as well as increased social activities of humans in various countries, pollution sources have multiplied. To reduce the impact of this problem, many techniques have been developed in order to reach zero discharge pollution. In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) - a member of the graphene nanomaterials family, has been the focus of many research efforts in the water treatment sector because of its extraordinary properties. This review highlights the research efforts conducted to investigate GO as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications and recent fulfilments in the last 3 years. The synthesis techniques, properties, and efficiency of this material in water treatment will be explained. All results confirm the future role of GO as an efficient absorbent to solve wastewater purification challenges...
Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, prop... more Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, property and reducing the damages and minimizing the dangers resulting from fires and burning of polymeric composites which are used in different civil and industrial fields. The work in this paper can be divided into two main stages. In first one nano-clay was manufactured from Iraqi bentonite and it was characterized using AFM, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET. The AFM test showed the particle size of prepared nano clay was about 99.25 nm. In the second stage, polypropylene/nano clay composites at three low loading percents (0%,2%,4%,6%) were formulated via twin screw extruder. The fire retardancy tests included burning rate according to ASTM:D-635 and maximum flame height of flame according to ASTM:D-3014. Besides, the mechanical tests and thermal behavior of prepared samples were investigated. The results showed that (4%) of nano-clay had the maximum fire retardancy and while at (2%) loading, the maximum value of tensile strength and Yong modulus were obtained. The maximum heat of fusion was recorded for 6% nano clay sample. The final results assessment confirmed on the possibility of using low loadings of prepared nano clay to improve the fire retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties successfully.
Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons ... more Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons lives and the properties via reducing the possibility of polymer fires. In this work, High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt extrusion to assess the efficiency of nano Titanium dioxide as fire retardant and to detect its effect on melting point of composite. Different weight percentages of nano TiO2 (0, 2%, 4%, 6%) were used. The Fire retardancy of prepared samples were tested according to standard methods [ASTM D 635, ASTM D4804].The results showed that addition of this kind of nano particles contributed in improving the fire retardancy of high density polyethylene composite for all samples which contained nano TiO2 . The rate of burning and height of flame were varied according to different additions ratios. The maximum decreases in rate of burning and minimum height of flame was recorded for sample S2 (4%wt. addition) while the add...
Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2014
In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid wa... more In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid was investigated as new and green demulsifier for three types of Iraqi crude oil emulsions (Nafut Khana (NK), Kirkuk and Basrah). The separation efficiency was studied at room temperature and by using microwave heating technique. Several batch experiments were done to specify the suitable conditions for the emulsification and demulsification which were specified as 45 minutes and 3000 rpm for crude oil emulsification while the ionic liquid doses were (500,300,150,50) ppm and the conditions of microwave heating were 1000 watt and 50 second as irradiation time. The results were very encouraging especially for NK and Kirkuk crude oil emulsions where the separation efficiency was between (100%-95%) in both cases (by microwave heating and at room temperature demulsification). The separation percentages of Basrah crude emulsion varied but as a general result, the efficiency was acceptable for high doses at the same time, while for low doses, the water removal ratio was not good as the previous one.
The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic... more The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic ionic liquids 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate OMIMI [TFO] , 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate OMIMI [PF6] ,1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate HMIMI [PF6] upon demulsification of water in oil emulsions. The Microwave technology was used as effective heating method liquids. The results showed the clear relation between the molecular weight of ionic liquids and efficiency of the separation process. The highest separation ratios recorded with the ionic liquid which has the highest molecular weight for all types of crude oil emulsions Index term Crude oil demulsification, Ionic liquid, Microwave technology, Molecular weight , W/O emulsions ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ansam A. Hashim*, Watheq K. Salih* Abstract— High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (T... more Ansam A. Hashim*, Watheq K. Salih* Abstract— High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder to detect the anti-bacterial efficiency (E.coli & S.aureus types) and the mechanical properties ( tensile stress & E-modulus ) of this composite. Different weight fractions of Titanium dioxide ( 2% , 4% , 6% wt) were used. The activity of TiO2/HDPE composite against bacteria types was investigated using disc diffusion method. The results showed that highest tensile and E-modulus values (33.35 , 266 MPa ) were recorded for 4%wt sample and it has the highest activity against the bacteria.. Also the results showed that TiO2/HDPE composite is more effective against E.coli bacteria than against S.aureus type. Microscopic images of the prepared samples assured that 4% wt. sample is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity which contributed in this activity and in improving mechanical properties.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) considers one of the important ceramic oxides in present time because of ... more Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) considers one of the important ceramic oxides in present time because of its characteristic properties which are suitable for different industrial applications. The recent developments in nano technology encouraged the scientists to prepare nano alumina using different methods. The present work deals with preparing nano gamma aluminium oxide (γ -Al2O3) from Iraqi Bauxite ore using extraction method. The ore was leached with an acidic solution and the aluminium was extraction in the form of aluminium chloride. After extraction, the Aluminium chloride was treated with ammonia solution to obtained aluminium hydroxide which was calcined and milled to get on nano alumina powder (Gamma phase). The resultant powder was characterized by X-Ray diffraction, BET, AFM and FTIR techniques. The work results were clarified the possibility of producing nano gamma alumina with high surface area using this method.
Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, prop... more Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, property and reducing the damages and minimizing the dangers resulting from fires and burning of polymeric composites which are used in different civil and industrial fields. The work in this paper can be divided into two main stages. In first one nano-clay was manufactured from Iraqi bentonite and it was characterized using AFM, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET. The AFM test showed the particle size of prepared nano clay was about 99.25 nm. In the second stage, polypropylene/nano clay composites at three low loading percents (0%,2%,4%,6%) were formulated via twin screw extruder. The fire retardancy tests included burning rate according to ASTM:D-635 and maximum flame height of flame according to ASTM:D-3014. Besides, the mechanical tests and thermal behavior of prepared samples were investigated. The results showed that (4%) of nano-clay had the maximum fire retardancy and while at (2%) loading, the maximum value of tensile strength and Yong modulus were obtained. The maximum heat of fusion was recorded for 6% nano clay sample. The final results assessment confirmed on the possibility of using low loadings of prepared nano clay to improve the fire retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties successfully.
— High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt co... more — High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder to detect the anti-bacterial efficiency (E.coli & S.aureus types) and the mechanical properties (tensile stress & E-modulus) of this composite. Different weight fractions of Titanium dioxide (2% , 4% , 6% wt) were used. The activity of TiO2/HDPE composite against bacteria types was investigated using disc diffusion method. The results showed that highest tensile and E-modulus values (33.35 , 266 MPa) were recorded for 4%wt sample and it has the highest activity against the bacteria .. Also the results showed that TiO2/HDPE composite is more effective against E.coli bacteria than against S.aureus type. Microscopic images of the prepared samples assured that 4% wt. sample is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity which contributed in this activity and in improving mechanical properties.
The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic... more The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic ionic liquids 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate OMIMI [TFO]-, 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate OMIMI [PF6]-,1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate HMIMI [PF6]-upon demulsification of water in oil emulsions. The Microwave technology was used as effective heating method liquids. The results showed the clear relation between the molecular weight of ionic liquids and efficiency of the separation process. The highest separation ratios recorded with the ionic liquid which has the highest molecular weight for all types of crude oil emulsions
Thermal insulation coatings are a class which begins to attract more focus and priority in recent... more Thermal insulation coatings are a class which begins to attract more focus and priority in recent researches because of their importance and their numerous applications in different civil and industrial fields. In this research, the effect of nano alpha aluminum oxide (α-Al 2 O 3) on the thermal insulation of polymer based paint was investigated. The different weight fractions of nano aluminum oxide (2%, 3%,4% and 5% wt. of polymer weight) were added to the formulation which contained nano titanium dioxide and nano calcium carbonate and poly vinyl acetate polymer solution. Dip coating technique was used to coat all samples. The highest increase in insulation value (R-value) was recorded for 4 %wt. sample where its improvement percentage reached to 24.42% compared with the sample which was contained no nano aluminum oxide addition while the other samples showed varied values. The microscopic images showed that 4% sample has well dispersed than others. The Knudsen diffusion effect is the proposed mechanism explaining the insulation improvement. Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.
Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons ... more Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons lives and the properties via reducing the possibility of polymer fires. In this work, High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt extrusion to assess the efficiency of nano Titanium dioxide as fire retardant and to detect its effect on melting point of composite. Different weight percentages of nano TiO2 (0, 2%, 4%, 6%) were used. The Fire retardancy of prepared samples were tested according to standard methods [ASTM D 635, ASTM D4804].The results showed that addition of this kind of nano particles contributed in improving the fire retardancy of high density polyethylene composite for all samples which contained nano TiO2. The rate of burning and height of flame were varied according to different additions ratios. The maximum decreases in rate of burning and minimum height of flame was recorded for sample S2 (4%wt. addition) while the addition effect was very limited on melting point. The result clarified the synergic effect of nano titanium dioxide as co-fire retardant of High density polyethylene composites.
In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid wa... more In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid was investigated as new and green demulsifier for three types of Iraqi crude oil emulsions (Nafut Khana (NK), Kirkuk and Basrah). The separation efficiency was studied at room temperature and by using microwave heating technique. Several batch experiments were done to specify the suitable conditions for the emulsification and demulsification which were specified as 45 minutes and 3000 rpm for crude oil emulsification while the ionic liquid doses were (500,300,150,50) ppm and the conditions of microwave heating were 1000 watt and 50 second as irradiation time. The results were very encouraging especially for NK and Kirkuk crude oil emulsions where the separation efficiency was between (100%-95%) in both cases (by microwave heating and at room temperature demulsification). The separation percentages of Basrah crude emulsion varied but as a general result, the efficiency was acceptable for high doses at the same time, while for low doses, the water removal ratio was not good as the previous one.
Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment an... more Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment and lives of living creatures. Because of technological and industrial advancements, as well as increased social activities of humans in various countries, pollution sources have multiplied. To reduce the impact of this problem, many techniques have been developed in order to reach zero discharge pollution. In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) - a member of the graphene nanomaterials family, has been the focus of many research efforts in the water treatment sector because of its extraordinary properties. This review highlights the research efforts conducted to investigate GO as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications and recent fulfilments in the last 3 years. The synthesis techniques, properties, and efficiency of this material in water treatment will be explained. All results confirm the future role of GO as an efficient absorbent to solve wastewater purification challenges...
Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, prop... more Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, property and reducing the damages and minimizing the dangers resulting from fires and burning of polymeric composites which are used in different civil and industrial fields. The work in this paper can be divided into two main stages. In first one nano-clay was manufactured from Iraqi bentonite and it was characterized using AFM, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET. The AFM test showed the particle size of prepared nano clay was about 99.25 nm. In the second stage, polypropylene/nano clay composites at three low loading percents (0%,2%,4%,6%) were formulated via twin screw extruder. The fire retardancy tests included burning rate according to ASTM:D-635 and maximum flame height of flame according to ASTM:D-3014. Besides, the mechanical tests and thermal behavior of prepared samples were investigated. The results showed that (4%) of nano-clay had the maximum fire retardancy and while at (2%) loading, the maximum value of tensile strength and Yong modulus were obtained. The maximum heat of fusion was recorded for 6% nano clay sample. The final results assessment confirmed on the possibility of using low loadings of prepared nano clay to improve the fire retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties successfully.
Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons ... more Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons lives and the properties via reducing the possibility of polymer fires. In this work, High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt extrusion to assess the efficiency of nano Titanium dioxide as fire retardant and to detect its effect on melting point of composite. Different weight percentages of nano TiO2 (0, 2%, 4%, 6%) were used. The Fire retardancy of prepared samples were tested according to standard methods [ASTM D 635, ASTM D4804].The results showed that addition of this kind of nano particles contributed in improving the fire retardancy of high density polyethylene composite for all samples which contained nano TiO2 . The rate of burning and height of flame were varied according to different additions ratios. The maximum decreases in rate of burning and minimum height of flame was recorded for sample S2 (4%wt. addition) while the add...
Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2014
In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid wa... more In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid was investigated as new and green demulsifier for three types of Iraqi crude oil emulsions (Nafut Khana (NK), Kirkuk and Basrah). The separation efficiency was studied at room temperature and by using microwave heating technique. Several batch experiments were done to specify the suitable conditions for the emulsification and demulsification which were specified as 45 minutes and 3000 rpm for crude oil emulsification while the ionic liquid doses were (500,300,150,50) ppm and the conditions of microwave heating were 1000 watt and 50 second as irradiation time. The results were very encouraging especially for NK and Kirkuk crude oil emulsions where the separation efficiency was between (100%-95%) in both cases (by microwave heating and at room temperature demulsification). The separation percentages of Basrah crude emulsion varied but as a general result, the efficiency was acceptable for high doses at the same time, while for low doses, the water removal ratio was not good as the previous one.
The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic... more The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic ionic liquids 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate OMIMI [TFO] , 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate OMIMI [PF6] ,1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate HMIMI [PF6] upon demulsification of water in oil emulsions. The Microwave technology was used as effective heating method liquids. The results showed the clear relation between the molecular weight of ionic liquids and efficiency of the separation process. The highest separation ratios recorded with the ionic liquid which has the highest molecular weight for all types of crude oil emulsions Index term Crude oil demulsification, Ionic liquid, Microwave technology, Molecular weight , W/O emulsions ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ansam A. Hashim*, Watheq K. Salih* Abstract— High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (T... more Ansam A. Hashim*, Watheq K. Salih* Abstract— High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder to detect the anti-bacterial efficiency (E.coli & S.aureus types) and the mechanical properties ( tensile stress & E-modulus ) of this composite. Different weight fractions of Titanium dioxide ( 2% , 4% , 6% wt) were used. The activity of TiO2/HDPE composite against bacteria types was investigated using disc diffusion method. The results showed that highest tensile and E-modulus values (33.35 , 266 MPa ) were recorded for 4%wt sample and it has the highest activity against the bacteria.. Also the results showed that TiO2/HDPE composite is more effective against E.coli bacteria than against S.aureus type. Microscopic images of the prepared samples assured that 4% wt. sample is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity which contributed in this activity and in improving mechanical properties.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) considers one of the important ceramic oxides in present time because of ... more Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) considers one of the important ceramic oxides in present time because of its characteristic properties which are suitable for different industrial applications. The recent developments in nano technology encouraged the scientists to prepare nano alumina using different methods. The present work deals with preparing nano gamma aluminium oxide (γ -Al2O3) from Iraqi Bauxite ore using extraction method. The ore was leached with an acidic solution and the aluminium was extraction in the form of aluminium chloride. After extraction, the Aluminium chloride was treated with ammonia solution to obtained aluminium hydroxide which was calcined and milled to get on nano alumina powder (Gamma phase). The resultant powder was characterized by X-Ray diffraction, BET, AFM and FTIR techniques. The work results were clarified the possibility of producing nano gamma alumina with high surface area using this method.
Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, prop... more Fire retardants have an extraordinary importance because of their role in saving the people, property and reducing the damages and minimizing the dangers resulting from fires and burning of polymeric composites which are used in different civil and industrial fields. The work in this paper can be divided into two main stages. In first one nano-clay was manufactured from Iraqi bentonite and it was characterized using AFM, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET. The AFM test showed the particle size of prepared nano clay was about 99.25 nm. In the second stage, polypropylene/nano clay composites at three low loading percents (0%,2%,4%,6%) were formulated via twin screw extruder. The fire retardancy tests included burning rate according to ASTM:D-635 and maximum flame height of flame according to ASTM:D-3014. Besides, the mechanical tests and thermal behavior of prepared samples were investigated. The results showed that (4%) of nano-clay had the maximum fire retardancy and while at (2%) loading, the maximum value of tensile strength and Yong modulus were obtained. The maximum heat of fusion was recorded for 6% nano clay sample. The final results assessment confirmed on the possibility of using low loadings of prepared nano clay to improve the fire retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties successfully.
— High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt co... more — High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder to detect the anti-bacterial efficiency (E.coli & S.aureus types) and the mechanical properties (tensile stress & E-modulus) of this composite. Different weight fractions of Titanium dioxide (2% , 4% , 6% wt) were used. The activity of TiO2/HDPE composite against bacteria types was investigated using disc diffusion method. The results showed that highest tensile and E-modulus values (33.35 , 266 MPa) were recorded for 4%wt sample and it has the highest activity against the bacteria .. Also the results showed that TiO2/HDPE composite is more effective against E.coli bacteria than against S.aureus type. Microscopic images of the prepared samples assured that 4% wt. sample is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity which contributed in this activity and in improving mechanical properties.
The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic... more The main aim of the present work is to detect the effect of molecular weight of three hydrophobic ionic liquids 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate OMIMI [TFO]-, 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate OMIMI [PF6]-,1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate HMIMI [PF6]-upon demulsification of water in oil emulsions. The Microwave technology was used as effective heating method liquids. The results showed the clear relation between the molecular weight of ionic liquids and efficiency of the separation process. The highest separation ratios recorded with the ionic liquid which has the highest molecular weight for all types of crude oil emulsions
Thermal insulation coatings are a class which begins to attract more focus and priority in recent... more Thermal insulation coatings are a class which begins to attract more focus and priority in recent researches because of their importance and their numerous applications in different civil and industrial fields. In this research, the effect of nano alpha aluminum oxide (α-Al 2 O 3) on the thermal insulation of polymer based paint was investigated. The different weight fractions of nano aluminum oxide (2%, 3%,4% and 5% wt. of polymer weight) were added to the formulation which contained nano titanium dioxide and nano calcium carbonate and poly vinyl acetate polymer solution. Dip coating technique was used to coat all samples. The highest increase in insulation value (R-value) was recorded for 4 %wt. sample where its improvement percentage reached to 24.42% compared with the sample which was contained no nano aluminum oxide addition while the other samples showed varied values. The microscopic images showed that 4% sample has well dispersed than others. The Knudsen diffusion effect is the proposed mechanism explaining the insulation improvement. Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.
Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons ... more Fire retardants are very important class of materials which has importance in saving the persons lives and the properties via reducing the possibility of polymer fires. In this work, High density Polyethylene (HDPE)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composite was prepared by melt extrusion to assess the efficiency of nano Titanium dioxide as fire retardant and to detect its effect on melting point of composite. Different weight percentages of nano TiO2 (0, 2%, 4%, 6%) were used. The Fire retardancy of prepared samples were tested according to standard methods [ASTM D 635, ASTM D4804].The results showed that addition of this kind of nano particles contributed in improving the fire retardancy of high density polyethylene composite for all samples which contained nano TiO2. The rate of burning and height of flame were varied according to different additions ratios. The maximum decreases in rate of burning and minimum height of flame was recorded for sample S2 (4%wt. addition) while the addition effect was very limited on melting point. The result clarified the synergic effect of nano titanium dioxide as co-fire retardant of High density polyethylene composites.
In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid wa... more In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid was investigated as new and green demulsifier for three types of Iraqi crude oil emulsions (Nafut Khana (NK), Kirkuk and Basrah). The separation efficiency was studied at room temperature and by using microwave heating technique. Several batch experiments were done to specify the suitable conditions for the emulsification and demulsification which were specified as 45 minutes and 3000 rpm for crude oil emulsification while the ionic liquid doses were (500,300,150,50) ppm and the conditions of microwave heating were 1000 watt and 50 second as irradiation time. The results were very encouraging especially for NK and Kirkuk crude oil emulsions where the separation efficiency was between (100%-95%) in both cases (by microwave heating and at room temperature demulsification). The separation percentages of Basrah crude emulsion varied but as a general result, the efficiency was acceptable for high doses at the same time, while for low doses, the water removal ratio was not good as the previous one.
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