The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed wit... more The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed within the produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and dehydration of two types of Iraqi crude oil (Naft Khana crude and Basra crude from the Iraq strategic pipeline), which were provided from the Daura refinery in Baghdad. Naft Khana crude oil is lighter than Basra crude oil and has higher API gravity and it is relatively easy to desalt. Also, Naft Khana crude oil has a salt concentration higher than Basra crude oil. The optimum experimental conditions for improving desalting/dehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100 F crude oil temperature, 20 vol% adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts in crude oil.
This study focuses on the use of an optimum amount of Sodium Polyacrylate (SP) for designing ceme... more This study focuses on the use of an optimum amount of Sodium Polyacrylate (SP) for designing cement slurry with the high performance of rheological properties and displacement efficiency. A laboratory study has been carried out on the cement slurry which prepared with SP as superabsorbent polymer. SP has been providing an internal water source that helps in the hydration process, and curing and ultimately increases the cement strength. Also improves the cement performance by improving the cement stability. Several batches were prepared to determine the proper amount of SP to add it in the cement slurry. Also, we studied its effect on cement density, amount of free water in order to observe the rheological properties, and thickening time. Results indicate that the designed cement rheological properties are directly influenced by the shear rate and shear stress on the mix and pump of the cement with the increase of the SP concentration for the rheological improvement. Laboratory data are presented to highlight Polyacrylate's positive effect on compressive strength, fluid loss control, and free water.
This research presents a study of the effect of drilling fluid on the reservoir rock properties. ... more This research presents a study of the effect of drilling fluid on the reservoir rock properties. The interactions between the clay minerals existing in the formations and the drilling fluids have been studied. Two types of drilling fluids, which are water-based ferrochrome ligno-sulfonate base mud and lime mud, were prepared for the study. About 100 core plugs were prepared from seven oil wells of Zubair Formation from depths of over (3000) m. The core plugs were cut, cleaned, dried, and then subjected to petrophysical tests, which are permeability, saturation, X-ray diffraction, and the petrographical analyses. Clay minerals like kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite were found in the core samples. The static immersion test shows that the clay minerals reacted with the drilling fluids and created swelling and spalling in the core samples and changed the original petrophysical rock properties. Different concentrations of gas oil and barite were added to improve the properties of the used drilling fluids and to decrease their negative impact on the petrophysical rock properties. A comparison is made between the permeability and water saturation before and after exposure to the drilling fluids. The percentage change in permeability and water saturation is calculated. The results showed that the additives to the drilling fluids reduced the formations damage. Finally, the study indicates that the major formation damage in southern Iraqi oil fields is induced by mechanical and chemical mechanizes.
The heavy crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior over the examined shear rate... more The heavy crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior over the examined shear rate. The viscosity of the heavy crude oil decreases about 15.6% when the temperature increased from 30 to 60°C. Heavy crude oil was blended with the aqueous solution of surfactant and saline water in different volumetric proportions of NaCl, and Na2CO3 solution mixtures. The addition of 50% of the mixture to the heavy crude oil causes a strong reduction in the viscosity, about 67.5% at 60°C. The heavy crude oil fits the Power law model since it has the lowest average absolute percent error of 0.0291. The flow behavior index of the heavy crude oil reaches a value of 0.9305 at a temperature of 30°C and it increases to 0.9373 when the temperature raises 60°C, while the consistence coefficient decreases from 2.8811 to 2.3558.
The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed wit... more The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed within the produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and dehydration of two types of Iraqi crude oil (Naft Khana crude and Basra crude from the Iraq strategic pipeline), which were provided from the Daura refinery in Baghdad. Naft Khana crude oil is lighter than Basra crude oil and has higher API gravity and it is relatively easy to desalt. Also, Naft Khana crude oil has a salt concentration higher than Basra crude oil. The optimum experimental conditions for improving desalting/dehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100 F crude oil temperature, 20 vol% adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts in crude oil.
This study focuses on the use of an optimum amount of Sodium Polyacrylate (SP) for designing ceme... more This study focuses on the use of an optimum amount of Sodium Polyacrylate (SP) for designing cement slurry with the high performance of rheological properties and displacement efficiency. A laboratory study has been carried out on the cement slurry which prepared with SP as superabsorbent polymer. SP has been providing an internal water source that helps in the hydration process, and curing and ultimately increases the cement strength. Also improves the cement performance by improving the cement stability. Several batches were prepared to determine the proper amount of SP to add it in the cement slurry. Also, we studied its effect on cement density, amount of free water in order to observe the rheological properties, and thickening time. Results indicate that the designed cement rheological properties are directly influenced by the shear rate and shear stress on the mix and pump of the cement with the increase of the SP concentration for the rheological improvement. Laboratory data are presented to highlight Polyacrylate's positive effect on compressive strength, fluid loss control, and free water.
This research presents a study of the effect of drilling fluid on the reservoir rock properties. ... more This research presents a study of the effect of drilling fluid on the reservoir rock properties. The interactions between the clay minerals existing in the formations and the drilling fluids have been studied. Two types of drilling fluids, which are water-based ferrochrome ligno-sulfonate base mud and lime mud, were prepared for the study. About 100 core plugs were prepared from seven oil wells of Zubair Formation from depths of over (3000) m. The core plugs were cut, cleaned, dried, and then subjected to petrophysical tests, which are permeability, saturation, X-ray diffraction, and the petrographical analyses. Clay minerals like kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite were found in the core samples. The static immersion test shows that the clay minerals reacted with the drilling fluids and created swelling and spalling in the core samples and changed the original petrophysical rock properties. Different concentrations of gas oil and barite were added to improve the properties of the used drilling fluids and to decrease their negative impact on the petrophysical rock properties. A comparison is made between the permeability and water saturation before and after exposure to the drilling fluids. The percentage change in permeability and water saturation is calculated. The results showed that the additives to the drilling fluids reduced the formations damage. Finally, the study indicates that the major formation damage in southern Iraqi oil fields is induced by mechanical and chemical mechanizes.
The heavy crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior over the examined shear rate... more The heavy crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior over the examined shear rate. The viscosity of the heavy crude oil decreases about 15.6% when the temperature increased from 30 to 60°C. Heavy crude oil was blended with the aqueous solution of surfactant and saline water in different volumetric proportions of NaCl, and Na2CO3 solution mixtures. The addition of 50% of the mixture to the heavy crude oil causes a strong reduction in the viscosity, about 67.5% at 60°C. The heavy crude oil fits the Power law model since it has the lowest average absolute percent error of 0.0291. The flow behavior index of the heavy crude oil reaches a value of 0.9305 at a temperature of 30°C and it increases to 0.9373 when the temperature raises 60°C, while the consistence coefficient decreases from 2.8811 to 2.3558.
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produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and dehydration
of two types of Iraqi crude oil (Naft Khana crude and Basra crude from the Iraq strategic pipeline),
which were provided from the Daura refinery in Baghdad. Naft Khana crude oil is lighter than Basra
crude oil and has higher API gravity and it is relatively easy to desalt. Also, Naft Khana crude oil has
a salt concentration higher than Basra crude oil. The optimum experimental conditions for improving
desalting/dehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100
F crude oil temperature, 20 vol%
adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to
increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts in crude oil.
produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and dehydration
of two types of Iraqi crude oil (Naft Khana crude and Basra crude from the Iraq strategic pipeline),
which were provided from the Daura refinery in Baghdad. Naft Khana crude oil is lighter than Basra
crude oil and has higher API gravity and it is relatively easy to desalt. Also, Naft Khana crude oil has
a salt concentration higher than Basra crude oil. The optimum experimental conditions for improving
desalting/dehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100
F crude oil temperature, 20 vol%
adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to
increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts in crude oil.