Combined-section columns composed of two separate steel sections present an ideal and economic de... more Combined-section columns composed of two separate steel sections present an ideal and economic design for long columns subject to high values of bending moments and axial forces. Research dealing with design of these columns is currently insufficient. At present, most codes of practice consider each column’s component to behave either separately or rigidly connected to the other components. As such, the main objective of this research is to scrutinize the behavior of laced-section columns, which are subjected to eccentric loading and propose design criteria for them. In this paper, a non-linear numerical model for these columns is developed based on the finite element method. The results of the numerical model are first verified against the outcomes of experimental investigations available in literature. Then, the model is adopted to simulate the behavior and the capacity of the combined laced columns. The numerical model includes both the geometric and materials nonlinearities alon...
Built-up columns composed of two chords present an ideal design for long columns subject to high ... more Built-up columns composed of two chords present an ideal design for long columns subject to high straining actions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the capacity of built-up columns composed of two-channel sections subjected to eccentric loading and propose a design method for them. A nonlinear numerical finite element model is developed for these columns and verified against experimental investigation available from literature; the model includes both the geometric and material nonlinearities along with the effect of initial imperfections. The model is used to perform a parametric study to investigate the effect of different factors on the built-up columns’ capacity. The results of the parametric study are also used to propose a design method for these columns. A limited experimental investigation is performed on two eccentrically loaded built-up columns, the results of experimental work showed good agreement with the numerical model results and the proposed design met...
Durch Kondensation von 2‐Methylmercapto‐anilin (I) mit den entsprechenden β‐Dionen, Oxidation mit... more Durch Kondensation von 2‐Methylmercapto‐anilin (I) mit den entsprechenden β‐Dionen, Oxidation mit H2O2 und Cyclisierung mit Trifluoracetanhydrid werden die Ylide (IV) dargestellt.
One of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the e... more One of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the environment rather than heredity, providing the best available evidence for the importance of environmental influences on personality, psychopathology, and cognition. The research also converges on the remarkable conclusion that these environmental influences make two children in the same family as different from one another as are pairs of children selected randomly from the population.The theme of the target article is that environmental differences between children in the same family (called “nonshared environment”) represent the major source of environmental variance for personality, psychopathology, and cognitive abilities. One example of the evidence that supports this conclusion involves correlations for pairs of adopted children reared in the same family from early in life. Because these children share family environment but not heredity, their correlation directly estimates the i...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primaril... more The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.
Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa use furanosyl diesters as autoinducers for ... more Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa use furanosyl diesters as autoinducers for quorum sensing (QS), a major regulatory and cell-to-cell communication system for social adaptation, virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance. A range of natural and synthetic brominated furanones, i.e. fimbrolide derivatives, have been found to act as inhibitors of QS-dependent bacterial phenotypes, complementing the bactericidal ability of traditional antibiotics. In this work, several novel acetylene analogues of fimbrolides were synthesised in moderate to high yields via Sonogashira coupling reactions of brominated furanones 4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)furan-2(5H)-one 4 and 5-(dibromomethylene)-3-ethylfuran-2(5H)-one 5. The Sonogashira reaction of acetylenes on 4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)furan-2(5H)-one 4 was favoured at the C5 methylene bromide over the C4 bromide substituent. On biological testing, the most potent compounds 13 and 14 showed 82 and 98 %...
Combined-section columns composed of two separate steel sections present an ideal and economic de... more Combined-section columns composed of two separate steel sections present an ideal and economic design for long columns subject to high values of bending moments and axial forces. Research dealing with design of these columns is currently insufficient. At present, most codes of practice consider each column’s component to behave either separately or rigidly connected to the other components. As such, the main objective of this research is to scrutinize the behavior of laced-section columns, which are subjected to eccentric loading and propose design criteria for them. In this paper, a non-linear numerical model for these columns is developed based on the finite element method. The results of the numerical model are first verified against the outcomes of experimental investigations available in literature. Then, the model is adopted to simulate the behavior and the capacity of the combined laced columns. The numerical model includes both the geometric and materials nonlinearities alon...
Built-up columns composed of two chords present an ideal design for long columns subject to high ... more Built-up columns composed of two chords present an ideal design for long columns subject to high straining actions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the capacity of built-up columns composed of two-channel sections subjected to eccentric loading and propose a design method for them. A nonlinear numerical finite element model is developed for these columns and verified against experimental investigation available from literature; the model includes both the geometric and material nonlinearities along with the effect of initial imperfections. The model is used to perform a parametric study to investigate the effect of different factors on the built-up columns’ capacity. The results of the parametric study are also used to propose a design method for these columns. A limited experimental investigation is performed on two eccentrically loaded built-up columns, the results of experimental work showed good agreement with the numerical model results and the proposed design met...
Durch Kondensation von 2‐Methylmercapto‐anilin (I) mit den entsprechenden β‐Dionen, Oxidation mit... more Durch Kondensation von 2‐Methylmercapto‐anilin (I) mit den entsprechenden β‐Dionen, Oxidation mit H2O2 und Cyclisierung mit Trifluoracetanhydrid werden die Ylide (IV) dargestellt.
One of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the e... more One of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the environment rather than heredity, providing the best available evidence for the importance of environmental influences on personality, psychopathology, and cognition. The research also converges on the remarkable conclusion that these environmental influences make two children in the same family as different from one another as are pairs of children selected randomly from the population.The theme of the target article is that environmental differences between children in the same family (called “nonshared environment”) represent the major source of environmental variance for personality, psychopathology, and cognitive abilities. One example of the evidence that supports this conclusion involves correlations for pairs of adopted children reared in the same family from early in life. Because these children share family environment but not heredity, their correlation directly estimates the i...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primaril... more The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.
Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa use furanosyl diesters as autoinducers for ... more Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa use furanosyl diesters as autoinducers for quorum sensing (QS), a major regulatory and cell-to-cell communication system for social adaptation, virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance. A range of natural and synthetic brominated furanones, i.e. fimbrolide derivatives, have been found to act as inhibitors of QS-dependent bacterial phenotypes, complementing the bactericidal ability of traditional antibiotics. In this work, several novel acetylene analogues of fimbrolides were synthesised in moderate to high yields via Sonogashira coupling reactions of brominated furanones 4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)furan-2(5H)-one 4 and 5-(dibromomethylene)-3-ethylfuran-2(5H)-one 5. The Sonogashira reaction of acetylenes on 4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)furan-2(5H)-one 4 was favoured at the C5 methylene bromide over the C4 bromide substituent. On biological testing, the most potent compounds 13 and 14 showed 82 and 98 %...
Outrage is generally considered a negative emotion that leads to, at worst, an escalation of conf... more Outrage is generally considered a negative emotion that leads to, at worst, an escalation of conflict, or, at best, virtue signalling and egoism. Moral impulsive bodily or verbal outrage are forms of collective expressions of several moral emotions that people experience when witnessing a moral transgression, other moral emotions experienced include disgust and contempt.
The advanced most in primates has the extremely complex structure of the central nervous system, ... more The advanced most in primates has the extremely complex structure of the central nervous system, the brain, which exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body by generating patterns of muscle activity, exemplified in vocal activity, social, manual expertise, and mental commotions, and emotions.
One of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the e... more One of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the environment rather than heredity, providing the best available evidence for the importance of environmental influences on personality, psychopathology, and cognition. The research also converges on the remarkable conclusion that these
The typically synthesised derivatives, to mention a few, such as isoflavones, ketamine benzaldehy... more The typically synthesised derivatives, to mention a few, such as isoflavones, ketamine benzaldehyde or benzyl cinnamate thalidomide mebeverine hydrochloride verapamil and midazolam are currently used in pharmaceutical drug industry as antispasmodic and vasodilators. However, many herbal remedies of plant isolates proved just effective and useful as well.
Many and books are written about the subject, discussing the role of the genes in deciding the so... more Many and books are written about the subject, discussing the role of the genes in deciding the social behaviour of the individual. Many have gone to the extent that the genes do decide the aggressive behaviour. There are a number of indeed murderous acts of several criminals
Recently, the synthesis of 2-(5H) pyrolones9-13, and 4- and 5-ylidene derivatives14 were realised... more Recently, the synthesis of 2-(5H) pyrolones9-13, and 4- and 5-ylidene derivatives14 were realised through palladium, stannyl complexes of allenes, acetylenes and Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions15
The innumerable recorded and researched cases of past life experiences clearly point to life afte... more The innumerable recorded and researched cases of past life experiences clearly point to life after death. In all the recorded cases of reincarnations, it was found that there was a variable time lag between the death of the person and his next reincarnation on Earth. So, where do we go after death till our reincarnation on Earth? When a person dies the physical body ceases to exist. However, the rest of his existence or consciousness continues. The existence of the person minus the physical body is known as the subtle body (linga-dēha) and it comprises of the mental, causal (intellect) and supracausal (subtle ego) bodies. This subtle body then goes to one of the 13 subtle planes of existence other than the Earth plane.
2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a semi-volatile compound with musty off-odour produced by actinomyc... more 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a semi-volatile compound with musty off-odour produced by actinomycetes and cyanobacteria affecting water and food industries. This study presents the development of a rapid test based on polyclonal antibodies specific to 2-MIB, as a food quality monitoring tool. The polyclonal antibodies were raised against 2-MIB derivative conjugated to a carrier protein. The binding properties of the antibodies were evaluated on the indirect and direct competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) using colorimetric measurement. The indirect format with anti-2-MIB2 antibody and 2-MIB3-BSA showed an IC 50 value (% inhibition of antibody binding) of 252.6 ± 34.2 µg L-1 with a limit of detection (IC 20) of 14.8 ± 2.9 µg L-1. The direct ELISA utilised anti-2-MIB2 antibody and 2-MIB3-HRP showed an IC 50 value of 274.8 µg L-1 ± 85.8 with an IC20 value of 17.7 µg L-1 ± 6.5. The indirect ELISA was more tolerant to a wide pH range (3.5 to 9.5) while the direct ELISA was affected by higher and lower pHs (< pH 4 and > pH 9). There was 30% reduction in the absorbance values when the whole peanut extracts were used but no reduction in sensitivity was observed for both assays. The spike and recovery study showed recoveries between 48 and 98%. The preliminary validation suggests that the ELISA could be a valuable rapid screening tool for 2-MIB contamination in grains and wine.
The word hygiene derives from the name of the ancient Greek goddess of healthful living, Hygeia. ... more The word hygiene derives from the name of the ancient Greek goddess of healthful living, Hygeia. Initially worshipped in her own right, by the fifth century bce in Athens Hygeia was instead depicted as a demi-god, the daughter or wife of the god
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