In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used... more In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used as a lowcost adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from aqueous solution. CMC-GO was characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, zeta potential and SEM with EDX. The optimum pH, adsorbent dose, time, and percentage of removal were found 5.0, 1.0 g/L, 60 min, and 96.3% for Pb 2+ and 5.5, 1.5 g/L, 60 min, and 82.5% for Cd 2+ , respectively at an initial concentration of 200 ppm. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudosecond order kinetics were configured properly with experimental data and maximum capacity was found 213.21 mg/g and 134.04 mg/g for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions respectively. The positive value of enthalpy (ΔH) and negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ sorption process indicate endothermic nature of sorption and spontaneous at room temperature. This study revealed that the prepared composite could be costeffective, efficient and viable adsorbent for the remediation of toxic Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ pollution from water bodies as well as wastewater treatment.
Environmental sustainability has gained acceptance to achieving the goal of a secure ecosystem wi... more Environmental sustainability has gained acceptance to achieving the goal of a secure ecosystem with a reliable management system. Heavy metal remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to the intractability and persistence in the environment. Adsorption is a potential alternative to the existing inefficient conventional technologies for the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions and becomes vital to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts. Calcium Alginate-Graphene oxide (CA-GO) composite has been synthesized for the adsorption of heavy metals including Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ ions from tannery effluents. Graphene oxide is prepared from commercial graphite powder and reacted with sodium alginate and calcium chloride to form the beads of CA-GO composite. The developed composite was characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, SEM, XRD analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions on the adsorption capacity were investigated through batch experiments. At a pH>3.0 (pHzpc), the carboxyl group of CA-GO was deprotonated to make the surface negatively charged and facilitate metal adsorption. The optimum pH and maximum adsorption capacity of CA-GO for removal of Cr(III), Cu(II), and Cd(II) were 4.5, 6.0, and 7.0, and 90.58, 108.57, and 134.77 mg g − 1 , respectively. The kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamics were studied to determine the adsorption mechanism. The kinetic of adsorption adopted the second-order model. Thermodynamic parameter were calculated and the adsorption process was determined to be exothermic and spontaneous at room temperature. The developed composite has been efficaciously applied for the removal of metal ions and pollution from real tannery effluents.
Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment ... more Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment and public health. Chromium removal from tannery effluent is a crying need before discharging to the surface water. In this study, acrylic acid-grafted sawdust was prepared by Tectona grandis sawdust grafting with acrylic acid employing gamma irradiation in the presence of air and Mohr's salt. It was treated with NaOH and the characterization of surface morphology and functional groups of modified sawdust was studied by SEM and FTIR.. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and initial Cr(III) ion concentration were investigated by batch sorption studies. The process was found to be pH, temperature and concentration dependent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to realize the adsorption process in depth, and it was found that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with experimental data (R 2 value of 0.983). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of acrylic acid-grafted sawdust for Cr(III) from aquous solution was found to be 21.55 mg g-1 at 25 • C. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed to analyze the kinetics of the process, and it was found that the experimental process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, i.e. chemisorption. This study revealed that acrylic acid-grafted sawdust has a decent potential for the removal of Cr (III) from tannery effluents.
Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment ... more Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment and public health. Chromium removal from tannery effluent is a crying need before discharging to the surface water. In this study, acrylic acid-grafted sawdust was prepared by Tectona grandis sawdust grafting with acrylic acid employing gamma irradiation in the presence of air and Mohr's salt. It was treated with NaOH and the characterization of surface morphology and functional groups of modified sawdust was studied by SEM and FTIR.. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and initial Cr(III) ion concentration were investigated by batch sorption studies. The process was found to be pH, temperature and concentration dependent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to realize the adsorption process in depth, and it was found that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with experimental data (R 2 value of 0.983). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of acrylic acid-grafted sawdust for Cr(III) from aquous solution was found to be 21.55 mg g-1 at 25 • C. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed to analyze the kinetics of the process, and it was found that the experimental process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, i.e. chemisorption. This study revealed that acrylic acid-grafted sawdust has a decent potential for the removal of Cr (III) from tannery effluents.
In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used... more In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used as a lowcost adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from aqueous solution. CMC-GO was characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, zeta potential and SEM with EDX. The optimum pH, adsorbent dose, time, and percentage of removal were found 5.0, 1.0 g/L, 60 min, and 96.3% for Pb 2+ and 5.5, 1.5 g/L, 60 min, and 82.5% for Cd 2+ , respectively at an initial concentration of 200 ppm. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudosecond order kinetics were configured properly with experimental data and maximum capacity was found 213.21 mg/g and 134.04 mg/g for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions respectively. The positive value of enthalpy (ΔH) and negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ sorption process indicate endothermic nature of sorption and spontaneous at room temperature. This study revealed that the prepared composite could be costeffective, efficient and viable adsorbent for the remediation of toxic Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ pollution from water bodies as well as wastewater treatment.
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Oct 1, 2013
"The study was carried out on the environment pollution level of the Hazaribag discharged po... more "The study was carried out on the environment pollution level of the Hazaribag discharged point. For this study water samples were collected from three different pollutant discharge sources namely Rayerbazar (near of Hazaribagh), Sicksion (near of Hazaribagh) and Kamrangirchar (near of Hazaribagh). The water quality parameters studied were temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, chloride, biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand etc. Air temperature in four sampling stations ranged from 18°C to 30.5°C and that of water from 19°C to 32°C. The dissolved oxygen contents in water samples fluctuated from 1.2 to 2.3 mg/1 with an average of 1.7 mg/1. The lowest value of dissolved oxygen was observed in Ryerbazararea and the second lowest value in Kamrangirchar during the lean flow period (Month of April). The PH value in two sampling stations ranged from 7.35 ± 0.02 to 8.10+ 0.03. The BOD value fluctuated from 600 to 800= mg/1, with an average 690 mg/1 during the study period. The above parameters showed strong seasonal variations being higher during lean flow period (March and April). The canal also showed spatial fluctuations among the sampling stations. Except PH and dissolved oxygen, concentrations of other parameters were higher, in Rayerba¬¬¬zr stations, particularly during lean flow period (March and April). The water quality of canal deteriorates during lean period and improves during monsoon with flow of increased flush water. Some of the water parameters clearly indicate that the river is polluted and this is much pronounced in station A, B and C. The changes in water quality, particularly during lean season, may pose threat to bio diversity. In addition, the Water quality index (WQI) for Water level sources nearly 44 representing bad water which is not acceptable for irrigation and livestock. Other parameters also found to be in satisfactory limit in most of the samples. Finally, the findings of the study may be useful to predict the surface water contamination vulnerability for various sources and take appropriate step to minimize the problem by the concern authority. "
ABSTRACT
Leather and Leather products rank the 4th in earning foreign exchange for Bangladesh. S... more ABSTRACT
Leather and Leather products rank the 4th in earning foreign exchange for Bangladesh. Statistics prepared by Export Promotion Bureau of Bangladesh for the Financial Year 2011-12, the leather sector grew by 17.5 percent and earned $765 million in revenue. The department of environment (DOE) has categorized the industry as ‘red’ meaning it is one of the worst polluting industries in Bangladesh. Of the 220 registered tanneries in Bangladesh 90% are located on 25 hectors of land in Hazaribagh in south-west corner of the Dhaka city. Most of the tannery factories are non –mechanized and semi mechanized and uses old and polluting leather processing methods. High percentage of chromium discharge through the waste liquor, which affected the soil of surroundings of Hazaribagh. Moreover it also affected the low land near river Buriganga. For this reason we try to find out the accumulation of chromium in vegetables in effluent affected and non-affected soil.
The leather sector is the second-largest export earning sector in Bangladesh which contributes to... more The leather sector is the second-largest export earning sector in Bangladesh which contributes to huge employment generation and economic development. However, the current situation of this sector is not good enough for its lack of cleaner technologies and waste management systems. Tanneries are using an ample amount of harmful chemicals that may impose a huge negative impact on human health and the environment. Therefore, it is an emerging requirement for the removal of pollutants from effluents before discharging them to the environment. For this, the development of an adsorbent from agricultural waste is significant for removing pollutants from the tanning effluent and greening the environment. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent is developed and used to remove pollutants from the chrome tanning effluent. The developed adsorbent is prepared from sugarcane bagasse and activated by using NaOH. The study was performed at pH 4, with an adsorption time of 1 hour, and the adsorbent dos...
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019
Waterproofness property of leather can be enhanced by modifying different steps involved in pre-t... more Waterproofness property of leather can be enhanced by modifying different steps involved in pre-tanning to finishing operations. In this study three sets of experiment were conducted where tanning and finishing techniques differed to analyze the improvement of the waterproofness property. Use of surfactants and hydrophilic agents were avoided to improve this property. Moreover, different waterproof fatliquors were used and changing of the finishes in each experiment was performed to improve and evaluate the waterproofness of leathers. Waterproofness and other physical characteristic properties were assessed following standard methods. Leather samples of experiment-3 where extensive finishing was done, showed the best result of waterproofness which is significantly higher than the minimum requirement of shoe upper leather. All other physical properties except water vapour permeability of leather samples of experiment-3 were excellent as compared to other experiments. Scanning Electro...
ABSTRACT
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly
complex ... more ABSTRACT
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly
complex one as too many variables are involved. The requirements are often
contradictory as in trying to provide the best fit using a minimum number of
sizes. The measurements used have grown up in the industry chiefly by trial
and error, based on measurements taken of a few individual body
measurements by various inaccurate procedures. But with the availability of
advanced mathematical tools and anthropometric database it is now possible
to address the issue as an optimization problem and to build a new sizing
system. In the book, the theoretical efficiency of that approach has been
demonstrated. It will contribute towards the categorization of sizes and
measurements in general and make an opportunity for development of critical
thinking skills and conceptualization as it would be impossible to study the
clothing industry, without going into the area of sizing in so detail.
In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used... more In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used as a lowcost adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from aqueous solution. CMC-GO was characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, zeta potential and SEM with EDX. The optimum pH, adsorbent dose, time, and percentage of removal were found 5.0, 1.0 g/L, 60 min, and 96.3% for Pb 2+ and 5.5, 1.5 g/L, 60 min, and 82.5% for Cd 2+ , respectively at an initial concentration of 200 ppm. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudosecond order kinetics were configured properly with experimental data and maximum capacity was found 213.21 mg/g and 134.04 mg/g for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions respectively. The positive value of enthalpy (ΔH) and negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ sorption process indicate endothermic nature of sorption and spontaneous at room temperature. This study revealed that the prepared composite could be costeffective, efficient and viable adsorbent for the remediation of toxic Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ pollution from water bodies as well as wastewater treatment.
Environmental sustainability has gained acceptance to achieving the goal of a secure ecosystem wi... more Environmental sustainability has gained acceptance to achieving the goal of a secure ecosystem with a reliable management system. Heavy metal remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to the intractability and persistence in the environment. Adsorption is a potential alternative to the existing inefficient conventional technologies for the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions and becomes vital to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts. Calcium Alginate-Graphene oxide (CA-GO) composite has been synthesized for the adsorption of heavy metals including Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ ions from tannery effluents. Graphene oxide is prepared from commercial graphite powder and reacted with sodium alginate and calcium chloride to form the beads of CA-GO composite. The developed composite was characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, SEM, XRD analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions on the adsorption capacity were investigated through batch experiments. At a pH>3.0 (pHzpc), the carboxyl group of CA-GO was deprotonated to make the surface negatively charged and facilitate metal adsorption. The optimum pH and maximum adsorption capacity of CA-GO for removal of Cr(III), Cu(II), and Cd(II) were 4.5, 6.0, and 7.0, and 90.58, 108.57, and 134.77 mg g − 1 , respectively. The kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamics were studied to determine the adsorption mechanism. The kinetic of adsorption adopted the second-order model. Thermodynamic parameter were calculated and the adsorption process was determined to be exothermic and spontaneous at room temperature. The developed composite has been efficaciously applied for the removal of metal ions and pollution from real tannery effluents.
Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment ... more Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment and public health. Chromium removal from tannery effluent is a crying need before discharging to the surface water. In this study, acrylic acid-grafted sawdust was prepared by Tectona grandis sawdust grafting with acrylic acid employing gamma irradiation in the presence of air and Mohr's salt. It was treated with NaOH and the characterization of surface morphology and functional groups of modified sawdust was studied by SEM and FTIR.. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and initial Cr(III) ion concentration were investigated by batch sorption studies. The process was found to be pH, temperature and concentration dependent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to realize the adsorption process in depth, and it was found that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with experimental data (R 2 value of 0.983). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of acrylic acid-grafted sawdust for Cr(III) from aquous solution was found to be 21.55 mg g-1 at 25 • C. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed to analyze the kinetics of the process, and it was found that the experimental process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, i.e. chemisorption. This study revealed that acrylic acid-grafted sawdust has a decent potential for the removal of Cr (III) from tannery effluents.
Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment ... more Water pollution caused by chromium released from tannery is a serious concern to the environment and public health. Chromium removal from tannery effluent is a crying need before discharging to the surface water. In this study, acrylic acid-grafted sawdust was prepared by Tectona grandis sawdust grafting with acrylic acid employing gamma irradiation in the presence of air and Mohr's salt. It was treated with NaOH and the characterization of surface morphology and functional groups of modified sawdust was studied by SEM and FTIR.. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and initial Cr(III) ion concentration were investigated by batch sorption studies. The process was found to be pH, temperature and concentration dependent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to realize the adsorption process in depth, and it was found that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with experimental data (R 2 value of 0.983). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of acrylic acid-grafted sawdust for Cr(III) from aquous solution was found to be 21.55 mg g-1 at 25 • C. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed to analyze the kinetics of the process, and it was found that the experimental process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, i.e. chemisorption. This study revealed that acrylic acid-grafted sawdust has a decent potential for the removal of Cr (III) from tannery effluents.
In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used... more In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide (CMC-GO) nanocomposite was prepared and used as a lowcost adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from aqueous solution. CMC-GO was characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, zeta potential and SEM with EDX. The optimum pH, adsorbent dose, time, and percentage of removal were found 5.0, 1.0 g/L, 60 min, and 96.3% for Pb 2+ and 5.5, 1.5 g/L, 60 min, and 82.5% for Cd 2+ , respectively at an initial concentration of 200 ppm. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudosecond order kinetics were configured properly with experimental data and maximum capacity was found 213.21 mg/g and 134.04 mg/g for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions respectively. The positive value of enthalpy (ΔH) and negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ sorption process indicate endothermic nature of sorption and spontaneous at room temperature. This study revealed that the prepared composite could be costeffective, efficient and viable adsorbent for the remediation of toxic Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ pollution from water bodies as well as wastewater treatment.
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Oct 1, 2013
"The study was carried out on the environment pollution level of the Hazaribag discharged po... more "The study was carried out on the environment pollution level of the Hazaribag discharged point. For this study water samples were collected from three different pollutant discharge sources namely Rayerbazar (near of Hazaribagh), Sicksion (near of Hazaribagh) and Kamrangirchar (near of Hazaribagh). The water quality parameters studied were temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, chloride, biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand etc. Air temperature in four sampling stations ranged from 18°C to 30.5°C and that of water from 19°C to 32°C. The dissolved oxygen contents in water samples fluctuated from 1.2 to 2.3 mg/1 with an average of 1.7 mg/1. The lowest value of dissolved oxygen was observed in Ryerbazararea and the second lowest value in Kamrangirchar during the lean flow period (Month of April). The PH value in two sampling stations ranged from 7.35 ± 0.02 to 8.10+ 0.03. The BOD value fluctuated from 600 to 800= mg/1, with an average 690 mg/1 during the study period. The above parameters showed strong seasonal variations being higher during lean flow period (March and April). The canal also showed spatial fluctuations among the sampling stations. Except PH and dissolved oxygen, concentrations of other parameters were higher, in Rayerba¬¬¬zr stations, particularly during lean flow period (March and April). The water quality of canal deteriorates during lean period and improves during monsoon with flow of increased flush water. Some of the water parameters clearly indicate that the river is polluted and this is much pronounced in station A, B and C. The changes in water quality, particularly during lean season, may pose threat to bio diversity. In addition, the Water quality index (WQI) for Water level sources nearly 44 representing bad water which is not acceptable for irrigation and livestock. Other parameters also found to be in satisfactory limit in most of the samples. Finally, the findings of the study may be useful to predict the surface water contamination vulnerability for various sources and take appropriate step to minimize the problem by the concern authority. "
ABSTRACT
Leather and Leather products rank the 4th in earning foreign exchange for Bangladesh. S... more ABSTRACT
Leather and Leather products rank the 4th in earning foreign exchange for Bangladesh. Statistics prepared by Export Promotion Bureau of Bangladesh for the Financial Year 2011-12, the leather sector grew by 17.5 percent and earned $765 million in revenue. The department of environment (DOE) has categorized the industry as ‘red’ meaning it is one of the worst polluting industries in Bangladesh. Of the 220 registered tanneries in Bangladesh 90% are located on 25 hectors of land in Hazaribagh in south-west corner of the Dhaka city. Most of the tannery factories are non –mechanized and semi mechanized and uses old and polluting leather processing methods. High percentage of chromium discharge through the waste liquor, which affected the soil of surroundings of Hazaribagh. Moreover it also affected the low land near river Buriganga. For this reason we try to find out the accumulation of chromium in vegetables in effluent affected and non-affected soil.
The leather sector is the second-largest export earning sector in Bangladesh which contributes to... more The leather sector is the second-largest export earning sector in Bangladesh which contributes to huge employment generation and economic development. However, the current situation of this sector is not good enough for its lack of cleaner technologies and waste management systems. Tanneries are using an ample amount of harmful chemicals that may impose a huge negative impact on human health and the environment. Therefore, it is an emerging requirement for the removal of pollutants from effluents before discharging them to the environment. For this, the development of an adsorbent from agricultural waste is significant for removing pollutants from the tanning effluent and greening the environment. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent is developed and used to remove pollutants from the chrome tanning effluent. The developed adsorbent is prepared from sugarcane bagasse and activated by using NaOH. The study was performed at pH 4, with an adsorption time of 1 hour, and the adsorbent dos...
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019
Waterproofness property of leather can be enhanced by modifying different steps involved in pre-t... more Waterproofness property of leather can be enhanced by modifying different steps involved in pre-tanning to finishing operations. In this study three sets of experiment were conducted where tanning and finishing techniques differed to analyze the improvement of the waterproofness property. Use of surfactants and hydrophilic agents were avoided to improve this property. Moreover, different waterproof fatliquors were used and changing of the finishes in each experiment was performed to improve and evaluate the waterproofness of leathers. Waterproofness and other physical characteristic properties were assessed following standard methods. Leather samples of experiment-3 where extensive finishing was done, showed the best result of waterproofness which is significantly higher than the minimum requirement of shoe upper leather. All other physical properties except water vapour permeability of leather samples of experiment-3 were excellent as compared to other experiments. Scanning Electro...
ABSTRACT
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly
complex ... more ABSTRACT
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly
complex one as too many variables are involved. The requirements are often
contradictory as in trying to provide the best fit using a minimum number of
sizes. The measurements used have grown up in the industry chiefly by trial
and error, based on measurements taken of a few individual body
measurements by various inaccurate procedures. But with the availability of
advanced mathematical tools and anthropometric database it is now possible
to address the issue as an optimization problem and to build a new sizing
system. In the book, the theoretical efficiency of that approach has been
demonstrated. It will contribute towards the categorization of sizes and
measurements in general and make an opportunity for development of critical
thinking skills and conceptualization as it would be impossible to study the
clothing industry, without going into the area of sizing in so detail.
Uploads
Papers
Leather and Leather products rank the 4th in earning foreign exchange for Bangladesh. Statistics prepared by Export Promotion Bureau of Bangladesh for the Financial Year 2011-12, the leather sector grew by 17.5 percent and earned $765 million in revenue. The department of environment (DOE) has categorized the industry as ‘red’ meaning it is one of the worst polluting industries in Bangladesh. Of the 220 registered tanneries in Bangladesh 90% are located on 25 hectors of land in Hazaribagh in south-west corner of the Dhaka city. Most of the tannery factories are non –mechanized and semi mechanized and uses old and polluting leather processing methods. High percentage of chromium discharge through the waste liquor, which affected the soil of surroundings of Hazaribagh. Moreover it also affected the low land near river Buriganga. For this reason we try to find out the accumulation of chromium in vegetables in effluent affected and non-affected soil.
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly
complex one as too many variables are involved. The requirements are often
contradictory as in trying to provide the best fit using a minimum number of
sizes. The measurements used have grown up in the industry chiefly by trial
and error, based on measurements taken of a few individual body
measurements by various inaccurate procedures. But with the availability of
advanced mathematical tools and anthropometric database it is now possible
to address the issue as an optimization problem and to build a new sizing
system. In the book, the theoretical efficiency of that approach has been
demonstrated. It will contribute towards the categorization of sizes and
measurements in general and make an opportunity for development of critical
thinking skills and conceptualization as it would be impossible to study the
clothing industry, without going into the area of sizing in so detail.
Leather and Leather products rank the 4th in earning foreign exchange for Bangladesh. Statistics prepared by Export Promotion Bureau of Bangladesh for the Financial Year 2011-12, the leather sector grew by 17.5 percent and earned $765 million in revenue. The department of environment (DOE) has categorized the industry as ‘red’ meaning it is one of the worst polluting industries in Bangladesh. Of the 220 registered tanneries in Bangladesh 90% are located on 25 hectors of land in Hazaribagh in south-west corner of the Dhaka city. Most of the tannery factories are non –mechanized and semi mechanized and uses old and polluting leather processing methods. High percentage of chromium discharge through the waste liquor, which affected the soil of surroundings of Hazaribagh. Moreover it also affected the low land near river Buriganga. For this reason we try to find out the accumulation of chromium in vegetables in effluent affected and non-affected soil.
The process of developing body size charts for a given population is a highly
complex one as too many variables are involved. The requirements are often
contradictory as in trying to provide the best fit using a minimum number of
sizes. The measurements used have grown up in the industry chiefly by trial
and error, based on measurements taken of a few individual body
measurements by various inaccurate procedures. But with the availability of
advanced mathematical tools and anthropometric database it is now possible
to address the issue as an optimization problem and to build a new sizing
system. In the book, the theoretical efficiency of that approach has been
demonstrated. It will contribute towards the categorization of sizes and
measurements in general and make an opportunity for development of critical
thinking skills and conceptualization as it would be impossible to study the
clothing industry, without going into the area of sizing in so detail.