A modular type/proof checking algorithm for incomplete proof objects is presented, where an incom... more A modular type/proof checking algorithm for incomplete proof objects is presented, where an incomplete proof object is represented as a term containing placeholders denoting the unfinished parts of the proof. The algorithm is designed for Martin-Löf 's type theory with explicit substitutions, but the general ideas can be adapted to similar theories. It is the kernel of the proof editor
We develop the metatheory and the implementation of LF+, and discuss several applications. LF+ ca... more We develop the metatheory and the implementation of LF+, and discuss several applications. LF+ capitalizes on research work, carried out by the authors over more than a decade, on Logical Frameworks. It builds on various conservative extensions of LF, which feature "lock"-type constructors, and on the new perspectives offered by its novel "shallow" implementation in Coq. The L^P(N:sigma)[.] constructor, and its binding variant L^P(?x:sigma)[.], capture monadically the concept of inhabitability up-to. They were originally introduced for factoring-out, postponing, or delegating to external tools the verification of time-consuming judgments, which are "morally" proof-irrelevant, thus allowing for integrating different sources of epistemic evidence in a unique Logical Framework. Experimenting with "locks" has shown that they are also a very flexible tool for expressing in Type Theory several diverse cognitive attitudes and mental strategies us...
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) has been proposed as an important determinant of oral healt... more Background Socioeconomic status (SES) has been proposed as an important determinant of oral health outcomes. The aim of this project is to assess the association between nationality, parents’ educational level and oral health in a sample of children in Udine, Italy. Methods Between February and May 2018, in the context of a screening programme carried out to evaluate the oral health status in 6-year-old children, parents filled out a questionnaire investigating behavioural, socioeconomic and demographical factors. For each child the number of decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft) and caries prevalence (CP) were assessed. Results The screening was conducted on 976 children, 705 (72%) Italian (I) and 271 (28%) foreign residents (F). Not-Italian nationality significantly increased the CP (F: 59.32%; I: 32.74%; RR: 1.81 [95% CI: 1.57-2.10]; Risk Difference: 26.59 [95% CI: 19.98-33.19]) and dmft median value (F: 2±5; I:0±1; p < 0.0001). Stratified by level of education, t...
Given that today 60% of Internet traffic is generated by bots, ‘CAPTCHA’ (Completely Automated Pu... more Given that today 60% of Internet traffic is generated by bots, ‘CAPTCHA’ (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) tests that are supposedly impossible to be done by robots have been introduced. What are the cognitive and emotional effects of these tests on Internet users? Does this request to demonstrate they are not a robot affect users’ identity as human beings? To answer these questions, we selected two groups (117 and 116 respondents, respectively). An online questionnaire that differed only in the task was proposed: we asked the first group to complete some CAPTCHA tests, and the second group to complete some logic tests. In addition to other questions in both versions, we introduced the TLX scale (NASA). Preliminary results show that CAPTCHA execution is associated with feelings of alienation and that the user’s self-perception of humanity is influenced by the execution of the two different types of test.
A modular type/proof checking algorithm for incomplete proof objects is presented, where an incom... more A modular type/proof checking algorithm for incomplete proof objects is presented, where an incomplete proof object is represented as a term containing placeholders denoting the unfinished parts of the proof. The algorithm is designed for Martin-Löf &#39;s type theory with explicit substitutions, but the general ideas can be adapted to similar theories. It is the kernel of the proof editor
We develop the metatheory and the implementation of LF+, and discuss several applications. LF+ ca... more We develop the metatheory and the implementation of LF+, and discuss several applications. LF+ capitalizes on research work, carried out by the authors over more than a decade, on Logical Frameworks. It builds on various conservative extensions of LF, which feature "lock"-type constructors, and on the new perspectives offered by its novel "shallow" implementation in Coq. The L^P(N:sigma)[.] constructor, and its binding variant L^P(?x:sigma)[.], capture monadically the concept of inhabitability up-to. They were originally introduced for factoring-out, postponing, or delegating to external tools the verification of time-consuming judgments, which are "morally" proof-irrelevant, thus allowing for integrating different sources of epistemic evidence in a unique Logical Framework. Experimenting with "locks" has shown that they are also a very flexible tool for expressing in Type Theory several diverse cognitive attitudes and mental strategies us...
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) has been proposed as an important determinant of oral healt... more Background Socioeconomic status (SES) has been proposed as an important determinant of oral health outcomes. The aim of this project is to assess the association between nationality, parents’ educational level and oral health in a sample of children in Udine, Italy. Methods Between February and May 2018, in the context of a screening programme carried out to evaluate the oral health status in 6-year-old children, parents filled out a questionnaire investigating behavioural, socioeconomic and demographical factors. For each child the number of decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft) and caries prevalence (CP) were assessed. Results The screening was conducted on 976 children, 705 (72%) Italian (I) and 271 (28%) foreign residents (F). Not-Italian nationality significantly increased the CP (F: 59.32%; I: 32.74%; RR: 1.81 [95% CI: 1.57-2.10]; Risk Difference: 26.59 [95% CI: 19.98-33.19]) and dmft median value (F: 2±5; I:0±1; p < 0.0001). Stratified by level of education, t...
Given that today 60% of Internet traffic is generated by bots, ‘CAPTCHA’ (Completely Automated Pu... more Given that today 60% of Internet traffic is generated by bots, ‘CAPTCHA’ (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) tests that are supposedly impossible to be done by robots have been introduced. What are the cognitive and emotional effects of these tests on Internet users? Does this request to demonstrate they are not a robot affect users’ identity as human beings? To answer these questions, we selected two groups (117 and 116 respondents, respectively). An online questionnaire that differed only in the task was proposed: we asked the first group to complete some CAPTCHA tests, and the second group to complete some logic tests. In addition to other questions in both versions, we introduced the TLX scale (NASA). Preliminary results show that CAPTCHA execution is associated with feelings of alienation and that the user’s self-perception of humanity is influenced by the execution of the two different types of test.
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