Arbuscular mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations that play a key role in plant nutrition by abso... more Arbuscular mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations that play a key role in plant nutrition by absorbing and translocating mineral nutrients from soil to host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are considered natural biofertilizers, show diverse levels of performance, depending on the ability of different isolates to promote plant growth and health. Here we investigated the performance of geographically different isolates of two fungal species, Glomus mosseae and G.
I funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (AM) sono organismi fondamentali per la nutrizione delle piante ... more I funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (AM) sono organismi fondamentali per la nutrizione delle piante e la fertilità del suolo. In natura, i funghi AM costituiscono il sistema radicale assorbente dell'80% delle piante, ed hanno un ruolo importante nel funzionamento e nella biodiversità degli ecosistemi.
Abstract We studied the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with the arbuscular my... more Abstract We studied the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdmann and Trappe, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith or Glomus viscosum Nicolson on shoot apical growth of plantlets that had been micropropagated from MM 106 apple (Malus pumila L.) and Mr. S. 2/5 plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) rootstocks.
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in host plant growth and health, nutri... more Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in host plant growth and health, nutrient and water uptake, plant community diversity and dynamics. AM fungi differ in their symbiotic performance, which is the result of the interaction of two fungal characters, infectivity and efficiency. Infectivity is the ability of a fungal isolate to establish rapidly an extensive mycorrhizal symbiosis and is correlated with pre-symbiotic steps of fungal life cycle, such as spore germination and hyphal growth.
Abstract We compared root system morphogenesis of micropropogated transplants of Prunus cerasifer... more Abstract We compared root system morphogenesis of micropropogated transplants of Prunus cerasifera L. inoculated with either of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices or with the ericoid mycorrhizal species Hymenoscyphus ericae. All plants were grown in sand culture, irrigated with a nutrient solution that included a soluble source of phosphorus, for 75 days after transplanting.
Lo sviluppo di tecniche utili alla conoscenza del suolo, per quanto riguarda i comparti ecotossic... more Lo sviluppo di tecniche utili alla conoscenza del suolo, per quanto riguarda i comparti ecotossicologico e biologico, è attività di ricerca relativamente recente. Soltanto negli ultimi anni, infatti, è stata sancita con studi a livello mondiale l'importanza della biodiversità nell'ecologia dell'ecosistema suolo e, soltanto a metà degli anni'90, ricercatori a livello internazionale hanno proposto una caratterizzazione dei suoli basata sul biomonitoraggio.
Abstract La glomalina è una glicoproteina di recente scoperta, prodotta in grande quantità dai fu... more Abstract La glomalina è una glicoproteina di recente scoperta, prodotta in grande quantità dai funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (AM). Nei suoli, la quantità di glomalina è risultata essere correlata con i principali parametri di fertilità. In questo lavoro viene valutato il cambiamento nei contenuti di glomalina e di aggregati stabili all'acqua (WSA1-2mm), in un terreno agrario dopo 4 mesi di coltura di Medicago sativa micorrizata e non micorrizata.
Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with ... more Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with 4 different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, G caledonium, G coronatum and Glomus strain A6) after transfer from an in vitro to an in vivo system. The most and the least infective fungi, G mosseae and G coronatum respectively, were tested for their growth-promoting abilities with respect to the micropropagated plum plants. Both fungi improved plant growth in comparison with uninoculated plants. G ...
Abstract-Biological control of root diseases, carried out by the manipulation of resident microbe... more Abstract-Biological control of root diseases, carried out by the manipulation of resident microbes or by the introduction of antagonists, should take into account the role played by mycorrhizal fungi in the mycorrhizosphere. In this work we have detected many antagonistic bacteria within the different zones of the mycorrhizosphere of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae, grown for 17 years in pot cultures. The selected bacteria were actively antagonistic against in vitro mycelial growth of species of the soil-borne ...
Soil quality in Mediterranean conventional and organic stockless arable systems was assessed by a... more Soil quality in Mediterranean conventional and organic stockless arable systems was assessed by a multidisciplinary approach. At the end of the first cycle of a 5-year crop rotation (2002–2006) in the Mediterranean Arable Systems Comparison Trial (MASCOT) long-term experiment, the effects of organic and conventional management systems were evaluated by using soil chemical, biochemical and biological parameters. Chemical and biochemical parameters linked to soil C cycle, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and microarthropod communities were analysed according to a comparative approach. Results suggested a higher soil carbon sequestration in the organic respect to the conventional system, as shown by the values of total organic C (9.5 and 7.8 g kg−1, for organic and conventional system, respectively) and potentially mineralisable C (277 and 254 mg kg−1, for organic and conventional system, respectively). AMF population, AMF root colonisation and diversity of microarthropod population were slightly influenced by management system. On the other hand, mites/collembolans ratio was higher in conventionally than in organically managed soil (2.67 and 1.30, respectively), indicating as organic managed soils were more disturbed than conventional ones, probably as the consequence of the more frequent soil tillage performed for mechanical weeds control.The overall results demonstrated that, even in the short-term, the implementation of organically managed stockless systems in Mediterranean areas determined significant changes of some attributes for soil quality evaluation.
Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with ... more Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with 4 different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, G caledonium, G coronatum and Glomus strain A6) after transfer from an in vitro to an in vivo system. The most and the least infective fungi, G mosseae and G coronatum respectively, were tested for their growth-promoting abilities with respect to the micropropagated plum plants. Both fungi improved plant growth in comparison with uninoculated plants. G ...
In this work the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities colonizing a polluted ash dump is... more In this work the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities colonizing a polluted ash dump island, downtown Venice, were studied by using a multimodal approach. The island, Sacca San Biagio, was covered with a thick layer of municipal solid waste residues produced by an incinerator operating from 1973, to 1984. Such residues contained high levels of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn). We characterized the AMF communities present in soils on Sacca San Biagio island by using molecular methods. Nine AM fungal sequence types were detected in the roots of three plant species, representative of the dominant flora, by using partial SSU ribosomal RNA genes. The most abundant sequence types corresponded to Glomus intraradices/Glomus fasciculatum, and to Glo18, a sequence detected so far only in planta. Two sequences were new to science. Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), extracted from rhizosphere soil of dominant plant species, ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 mg g−1. The occurrence of an active AM fungal community able to live in such harsh environment was evinced by the correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and GRSP content.
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations that play a key role in plant nutrition by abso... more Arbuscular mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations that play a key role in plant nutrition by absorbing and translocating mineral nutrients from soil to host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are considered natural biofertilizers, show diverse levels of performance, depending on the ability of different isolates to promote plant growth and health. Here we investigated the performance of geographically different isolates of two fungal species, Glomus mosseae and G.
I funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (AM) sono organismi fondamentali per la nutrizione delle piante ... more I funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (AM) sono organismi fondamentali per la nutrizione delle piante e la fertilità del suolo. In natura, i funghi AM costituiscono il sistema radicale assorbente dell'80% delle piante, ed hanno un ruolo importante nel funzionamento e nella biodiversità degli ecosistemi.
Abstract We studied the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with the arbuscular my... more Abstract We studied the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdmann and Trappe, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith or Glomus viscosum Nicolson on shoot apical growth of plantlets that had been micropropagated from MM 106 apple (Malus pumila L.) and Mr. S. 2/5 plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) rootstocks.
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in host plant growth and health, nutri... more Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in host plant growth and health, nutrient and water uptake, plant community diversity and dynamics. AM fungi differ in their symbiotic performance, which is the result of the interaction of two fungal characters, infectivity and efficiency. Infectivity is the ability of a fungal isolate to establish rapidly an extensive mycorrhizal symbiosis and is correlated with pre-symbiotic steps of fungal life cycle, such as spore germination and hyphal growth.
Abstract We compared root system morphogenesis of micropropogated transplants of Prunus cerasifer... more Abstract We compared root system morphogenesis of micropropogated transplants of Prunus cerasifera L. inoculated with either of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices or with the ericoid mycorrhizal species Hymenoscyphus ericae. All plants were grown in sand culture, irrigated with a nutrient solution that included a soluble source of phosphorus, for 75 days after transplanting.
Lo sviluppo di tecniche utili alla conoscenza del suolo, per quanto riguarda i comparti ecotossic... more Lo sviluppo di tecniche utili alla conoscenza del suolo, per quanto riguarda i comparti ecotossicologico e biologico, è attività di ricerca relativamente recente. Soltanto negli ultimi anni, infatti, è stata sancita con studi a livello mondiale l'importanza della biodiversità nell'ecologia dell'ecosistema suolo e, soltanto a metà degli anni'90, ricercatori a livello internazionale hanno proposto una caratterizzazione dei suoli basata sul biomonitoraggio.
Abstract La glomalina è una glicoproteina di recente scoperta, prodotta in grande quantità dai fu... more Abstract La glomalina è una glicoproteina di recente scoperta, prodotta in grande quantità dai funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (AM). Nei suoli, la quantità di glomalina è risultata essere correlata con i principali parametri di fertilità. In questo lavoro viene valutato il cambiamento nei contenuti di glomalina e di aggregati stabili all'acqua (WSA1-2mm), in un terreno agrario dopo 4 mesi di coltura di Medicago sativa micorrizata e non micorrizata.
Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with ... more Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with 4 different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, G caledonium, G coronatum and Glomus strain A6) after transfer from an in vitro to an in vivo system. The most and the least infective fungi, G mosseae and G coronatum respectively, were tested for their growth-promoting abilities with respect to the micropropagated plum plants. Both fungi improved plant growth in comparison with uninoculated plants. G ...
Abstract-Biological control of root diseases, carried out by the manipulation of resident microbe... more Abstract-Biological control of root diseases, carried out by the manipulation of resident microbes or by the introduction of antagonists, should take into account the role played by mycorrhizal fungi in the mycorrhizosphere. In this work we have detected many antagonistic bacteria within the different zones of the mycorrhizosphere of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae, grown for 17 years in pot cultures. The selected bacteria were actively antagonistic against in vitro mycelial growth of species of the soil-borne ...
Soil quality in Mediterranean conventional and organic stockless arable systems was assessed by a... more Soil quality in Mediterranean conventional and organic stockless arable systems was assessed by a multidisciplinary approach. At the end of the first cycle of a 5-year crop rotation (2002–2006) in the Mediterranean Arable Systems Comparison Trial (MASCOT) long-term experiment, the effects of organic and conventional management systems were evaluated by using soil chemical, biochemical and biological parameters. Chemical and biochemical parameters linked to soil C cycle, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and microarthropod communities were analysed according to a comparative approach. Results suggested a higher soil carbon sequestration in the organic respect to the conventional system, as shown by the values of total organic C (9.5 and 7.8 g kg−1, for organic and conventional system, respectively) and potentially mineralisable C (277 and 254 mg kg−1, for organic and conventional system, respectively). AMF population, AMF root colonisation and diversity of microarthropod population were slightly influenced by management system. On the other hand, mites/collembolans ratio was higher in conventionally than in organically managed soil (2.67 and 1.30, respectively), indicating as organic managed soils were more disturbed than conventional ones, probably as the consequence of the more frequent soil tillage performed for mechanical weeds control.The overall results demonstrated that, even in the short-term, the implementation of organically managed stockless systems in Mediterranean areas determined significant changes of some attributes for soil quality evaluation.
Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with ... more Abstract-Micropropagated plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone MrS 2/5) were inoculated with 4 different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, G caledonium, G coronatum and Glomus strain A6) after transfer from an in vitro to an in vivo system. The most and the least infective fungi, G mosseae and G coronatum respectively, were tested for their growth-promoting abilities with respect to the micropropagated plum plants. Both fungi improved plant growth in comparison with uninoculated plants. G ...
In this work the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities colonizing a polluted ash dump is... more In this work the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities colonizing a polluted ash dump island, downtown Venice, were studied by using a multimodal approach. The island, Sacca San Biagio, was covered with a thick layer of municipal solid waste residues produced by an incinerator operating from 1973, to 1984. Such residues contained high levels of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn). We characterized the AMF communities present in soils on Sacca San Biagio island by using molecular methods. Nine AM fungal sequence types were detected in the roots of three plant species, representative of the dominant flora, by using partial SSU ribosomal RNA genes. The most abundant sequence types corresponded to Glomus intraradices/Glomus fasciculatum, and to Glo18, a sequence detected so far only in planta. Two sequences were new to science. Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), extracted from rhizosphere soil of dominant plant species, ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 mg g−1. The occurrence of an active AM fungal community able to live in such harsh environment was evinced by the correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and GRSP content.
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