DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Aug 1, 2013
<b>Background & objectives:</b> Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at Kinshasa ... more <b>Background & objectives:</b> Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at Kinshasa may jeopardize the efficacy and usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Entomological impact, user acceptance and bioefficacy of a combination LLIN (PermaNet <sup>&#174;</sup> 3.0) and a standard LLIN (OlysetNet <sup>&#174;</sup> ) were evaluated at two sites in Kinshasa characterized by high densities of either <i>Anopheles gambiae s.s.</i> (Kindele) or <i>Culex</i> spp (Kimbangu). <b>Methods:</b> Insecticide susceptibility (permethrin, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, propoxur and DDT) was determined via tube tests and bottle assays. Entomological impact of unwashed and washed LLINs and untreated nets was assessed via Latin square, based on rotation of nets and their users through selected houses at each site. User acceptability was evaluated through interviews using a questionnaire and net bioefficacy was measured via cone bioassays with field-derived <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> <b>Results:</b> The <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> population from Kindele was resistant to DDT and permethrin with mortality rate of 27.3 and 75.8%, respectively, and <i>kdr</i> mutations (L1014F) plus suspected metabolic resistance. The <i>Culex</i> spp population was resistant to all five insecticides tested. No differences in entomological indices were observed for the five net treatments, but bioefficacy against <i>An. gambiae</i> was significantly higher for unwashed and washed PermaNet 3.0 (100 and 71% mortality) than for OlysetNet (56 and 36%). Householders reported a good sleep most often when using unwashed and washed PermaNet (94 and 88%) and least often with unwashed OlysetNet (46%). <b>Interpretation & conclusion:</b> High bioefficacy via cone bioassays against an <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> population with <i>kdr</i> and suspected metabolic resistance was observed with PermaNet 3.0. Lower biting rates and a higher chance of a good night of sleep were reported when using PermaNet 3.0 compared to OlysetNet.
Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been... more Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been reported in 34 African countries. Available data indicate that in recent years there have been dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in the West Africa subregion, in countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Senegal, and Benin. These viral diseases are causing an increased public health burden, which impedes poverty reduction and sustainable development. Aedes surveillance and control capacity, which are key to reducing the prevalence of arboviral infections, need to be strengthened in West Africa, to provide information essential for the formulation of effective vector control strategies and the prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks. In line with these objectives, the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN) was created in 2017 at a meeting held in Sierra Leone comprising African scientists working on Aedes mosquitoes. This manuscript describes the proceedings and ...
M. Moyo, G.G. Lawrence, T. Bobanga* § & S.R. Irish Services de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie... more M. Moyo, G.G. Lawrence, T. Bobanga* § & S.R. Irish Services de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie, Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Faculté de Médecine, Université President Joseph Kasa-Vubu, Boma, Democratic Republic of Congo Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Top: Pfama1; bottom: Pfcsp. Distributions across 1000 replicates of c... more Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Top: Pfama1; bottom: Pfcsp. Distributions across 1000 replicates of collector's curve analysis show the number of unique haplotypes (Y-axis) found among a randomly selected group of samples of increasing size (X-axis). Curves on the left were generated using the raw (unrarefied) dataset, while curves on the right were generated from the dataset rarefied to a depth of 200 reads per sample. Fig. S2. For each amplicon (top: Pfama1, bottom: Pfcsp), we performed 1000 re-sampling replicates of rarefaction. For each replicate we estimated MOI in each individual using the rarefied data. The distribution of MOI estimates across all rarefaction re-sampling replicates are plttoed along the Y-axis. The X-axis shows the MOI estimate from the raw data. The red dashed line is the Y = X line, or what would be expected if there was no difference between the estimate using rarefied data and the true estimate. Fig. S3. Pairwise genetic relatedness (the proportion of loc...
Additional file 2. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC L1014 mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.s. sp... more Additional file 2. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC L1014 mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.s. specimens from Uganda.
Additional file 1. Collection sites in the Gbadolite region of DRC. (A) Location of Gbadolite in ... more Additional file 1. Collection sites in the Gbadolite region of DRC. (A) Location of Gbadolite in DRC (shown in red) within Equateur province and the capital city, Kinshasa ⠅. (B) Fine-scale map of collection sites.
Additional file 4. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC N1575Y mutation in Anopheles gambiae s.l. sp... more Additional file 4. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC N1575Y mutation in Anopheles gambiae s.l. specimens from DRC.
Additional file 3. Taqman genotype plots demonstrating mis-calling of genotype due non-specific b... more Additional file 3. Taqman genotype plots demonstrating mis-calling of genotype due non-specific binding of the mutant alleles. Mis-called genotypes are circled in black and the actual genotype indicated. A: Taqman kdr for L1014F detection. B: Taqman kdr for L1014S detection.
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 2 Department of ... more 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 2 Department of Tropical Medicine, Parasitology and Entomology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 3 National Institute of Biological Research, Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Democratic Republic of Congo 4 Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 5 Department of Social Sciences, Anthropology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 6 National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Democratic Republic of Congo
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors of public health concern. Although the D... more Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors of public health concern. Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) faces a long-standing risk of Aedes-borne viruses, data on insecticide resistance of Aedes populations are absent. To address this gap, we investigated insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in areas with a high risk of arbovirus transmission. We also investigated the frequency of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in Ae. aegypti. Immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected from two sites in Kinshasa (Lingwala and Cité Verte) between April and July 2017 and reared to the adult stage. Wild-caught adult Ae. aegypti were collected in 2016 in another site (Ngaliema). Female Ae. aegypti (from Lingwala) and Ae. albopictus (from Cité Verte) were used in WHO tube insecticide susceptibility tests. The F1534C, V1016I and V410L kdr mutations were genotyped in Ae. aegypti from Lingwala and Ngaliema. We observed Ae. a...
Aedes albopictus with an Asian origin has been reported from central African countries. The estab... more Aedes albopictus with an Asian origin has been reported from central African countries. The establishment of this mosquito species poses a serious threat as the vector of various infectious diseases. Since information about Ae. albopictus in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is scarce, we investigated the current distribution of this mosquito species. Based on the factors affecting the distribution, we predicted future distribution. We conduced entomological surveys in Kinshasa and three neighboring cities from May 2017 to September 2019. The survey was extended to seven inland cities. A total of 19 environmental variables were examined using the maximum entropy method to identify areas suitable for Ae. albopictus to establish a population. We found Ae. albopictus at 21 of 23 sites in Kinshasa and three neighboring cities. For the first time Ae. albopictus was also found from three of seven inland cities, while it was not found in four cities located in the eastern and southeas...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Aug 1, 2013
<b>Background & objectives:</b> Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at Kinshasa ... more <b>Background & objectives:</b> Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at Kinshasa may jeopardize the efficacy and usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Entomological impact, user acceptance and bioefficacy of a combination LLIN (PermaNet <sup>&#174;</sup> 3.0) and a standard LLIN (OlysetNet <sup>&#174;</sup> ) were evaluated at two sites in Kinshasa characterized by high densities of either <i>Anopheles gambiae s.s.</i> (Kindele) or <i>Culex</i> spp (Kimbangu). <b>Methods:</b> Insecticide susceptibility (permethrin, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, propoxur and DDT) was determined via tube tests and bottle assays. Entomological impact of unwashed and washed LLINs and untreated nets was assessed via Latin square, based on rotation of nets and their users through selected houses at each site. User acceptability was evaluated through interviews using a questionnaire and net bioefficacy was measured via cone bioassays with field-derived <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> <b>Results:</b> The <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> population from Kindele was resistant to DDT and permethrin with mortality rate of 27.3 and 75.8%, respectively, and <i>kdr</i> mutations (L1014F) plus suspected metabolic resistance. The <i>Culex</i> spp population was resistant to all five insecticides tested. No differences in entomological indices were observed for the five net treatments, but bioefficacy against <i>An. gambiae</i> was significantly higher for unwashed and washed PermaNet 3.0 (100 and 71% mortality) than for OlysetNet (56 and 36%). Householders reported a good sleep most often when using unwashed and washed PermaNet (94 and 88%) and least often with unwashed OlysetNet (46%). <b>Interpretation & conclusion:</b> High bioefficacy via cone bioassays against an <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> population with <i>kdr</i> and suspected metabolic resistance was observed with PermaNet 3.0. Lower biting rates and a higher chance of a good night of sleep were reported when using PermaNet 3.0 compared to OlysetNet.
Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been... more Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been reported in 34 African countries. Available data indicate that in recent years there have been dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in the West Africa subregion, in countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Senegal, and Benin. These viral diseases are causing an increased public health burden, which impedes poverty reduction and sustainable development. Aedes surveillance and control capacity, which are key to reducing the prevalence of arboviral infections, need to be strengthened in West Africa, to provide information essential for the formulation of effective vector control strategies and the prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks. In line with these objectives, the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN) was created in 2017 at a meeting held in Sierra Leone comprising African scientists working on Aedes mosquitoes. This manuscript describes the proceedings and ...
M. Moyo, G.G. Lawrence, T. Bobanga* § & S.R. Irish Services de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie... more M. Moyo, G.G. Lawrence, T. Bobanga* § & S.R. Irish Services de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie, Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Faculté de Médecine, Université President Joseph Kasa-Vubu, Boma, Democratic Republic of Congo Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Top: Pfama1; bottom: Pfcsp. Distributions across 1000 replicates of c... more Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Top: Pfama1; bottom: Pfcsp. Distributions across 1000 replicates of collector's curve analysis show the number of unique haplotypes (Y-axis) found among a randomly selected group of samples of increasing size (X-axis). Curves on the left were generated using the raw (unrarefied) dataset, while curves on the right were generated from the dataset rarefied to a depth of 200 reads per sample. Fig. S2. For each amplicon (top: Pfama1, bottom: Pfcsp), we performed 1000 re-sampling replicates of rarefaction. For each replicate we estimated MOI in each individual using the rarefied data. The distribution of MOI estimates across all rarefaction re-sampling replicates are plttoed along the Y-axis. The X-axis shows the MOI estimate from the raw data. The red dashed line is the Y = X line, or what would be expected if there was no difference between the estimate using rarefied data and the true estimate. Fig. S3. Pairwise genetic relatedness (the proportion of loc...
Additional file 2. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC L1014 mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.s. sp... more Additional file 2. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC L1014 mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.s. specimens from Uganda.
Additional file 1. Collection sites in the Gbadolite region of DRC. (A) Location of Gbadolite in ... more Additional file 1. Collection sites in the Gbadolite region of DRC. (A) Location of Gbadolite in DRC (shown in red) within Equateur province and the capital city, Kinshasa ⠅. (B) Fine-scale map of collection sites.
Additional file 4. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC N1575Y mutation in Anopheles gambiae s.l. sp... more Additional file 4. Genotype frequencies for the VGSC N1575Y mutation in Anopheles gambiae s.l. specimens from DRC.
Additional file 3. Taqman genotype plots demonstrating mis-calling of genotype due non-specific b... more Additional file 3. Taqman genotype plots demonstrating mis-calling of genotype due non-specific binding of the mutant alleles. Mis-called genotypes are circled in black and the actual genotype indicated. A: Taqman kdr for L1014F detection. B: Taqman kdr for L1014S detection.
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 2 Department of ... more 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 2 Department of Tropical Medicine, Parasitology and Entomology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 3 National Institute of Biological Research, Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Democratic Republic of Congo 4 Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 5 Department of Social Sciences, Anthropology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 6 National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Democratic Republic of Congo
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors of public health concern. Although the D... more Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors of public health concern. Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) faces a long-standing risk of Aedes-borne viruses, data on insecticide resistance of Aedes populations are absent. To address this gap, we investigated insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in areas with a high risk of arbovirus transmission. We also investigated the frequency of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in Ae. aegypti. Immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected from two sites in Kinshasa (Lingwala and Cité Verte) between April and July 2017 and reared to the adult stage. Wild-caught adult Ae. aegypti were collected in 2016 in another site (Ngaliema). Female Ae. aegypti (from Lingwala) and Ae. albopictus (from Cité Verte) were used in WHO tube insecticide susceptibility tests. The F1534C, V1016I and V410L kdr mutations were genotyped in Ae. aegypti from Lingwala and Ngaliema. We observed Ae. a...
Aedes albopictus with an Asian origin has been reported from central African countries. The estab... more Aedes albopictus with an Asian origin has been reported from central African countries. The establishment of this mosquito species poses a serious threat as the vector of various infectious diseases. Since information about Ae. albopictus in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is scarce, we investigated the current distribution of this mosquito species. Based on the factors affecting the distribution, we predicted future distribution. We conduced entomological surveys in Kinshasa and three neighboring cities from May 2017 to September 2019. The survey was extended to seven inland cities. A total of 19 environmental variables were examined using the maximum entropy method to identify areas suitable for Ae. albopictus to establish a population. We found Ae. albopictus at 21 of 23 sites in Kinshasa and three neighboring cities. For the first time Ae. albopictus was also found from three of seven inland cities, while it was not found in four cities located in the eastern and southeas...
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