Nowadays, the volume of data coming from the public sector is growing rapidly on the Open Data We... more Nowadays, the volume of data coming from the public sector is growing rapidly on the Open Data Web. Most of these data come from governmental agencies such as Statistical and Mapping Agencies. Together, these public institutions publish territorial statistics that are of utmost importance for policy-makers to conduct various analyses of their jurisdiction, in time and space, and observe its evolution over time. However, through times, all over the world, the geographic divisions that serve as a reference for recording territorial statistical values, are subject to change: their name, their belonging or their boundaries change for political or administrative reasons and at several subdivision levels (e.g., regions, districts, sub-districts). These changes lead to breaks in time-series and are source of both misinterpretations, and statistical biases when not properly documented. In this chapter, we investigate solutions relying on the Semantic Web technologies for the description of ...
In this presentation, we report the findings of a new study in which we combined projections of u... more In this presentation, we report the findings of a new study in which we combined projections of urban population under the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) with projections of apparent temperature under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) in order to explore future exposure to deadly heat across 173 large African cities. Based on the multiple combinations of SSP and RCP, we show that the aggregate exposure in African cities will increase by a multiple of 20-52, reaching 86-217 billion person-days per year by the 2090s, depending on the scenarios combination. We also explore the individual influence of demographic and climatic changes on future exposure by computing the so-called climate effect, population effect, and interaction effect. Results show that at the continental level, exposure to deadly heat is primarily driven by the population and interaction effects, with the climate effect alone being negligible in all cases. Finally, and most importantly, we ...
Partout dans le monde, les decoupages geographiques, dont les territoires font l’objet, sont soum... more Partout dans le monde, les decoupages geographiques, dont les territoires font l’objet, sont soumis a des modifications de noms, d’affiliations, de frontieres, etc. Ces changements sont un obstacle a la comparabilite des donnees statistiques (socio-economiques, sanitaires, environnementales...) mesurees sur ces territoires sur de longues periodes. Afin d’apporter une solution conceptuelle et operationnelle a cette problematique, nous proposons un framework, nomme Theseus, qui s’appuie sur les technologies du Web semantique pour decrire l’evolution des decoupages geographiques dans le Web des donnees ouvertes et liees (Linked Open Data (LOD) en anglais). Notre approche couvre la modelisation des zones geographiques et de leurs chan- gements au cours du temps, mais aussi la detection et la description automatique des changements, ainsi que l’exploitation de ces descriptions dans le LOD Cloud au moyen de requetes SPARQL.
This paper presents the envirocat project, the Swiss Catalogue of Environmental Data. Envirocat d... more This paper presents the envirocat project, the Swiss Catalogue of Environmental Data. Envirocat deals with different aspects of sharing: federal and cantonal institutions share information about environmental data with other institutions and the public in a system accessible to all. Sharing is also significant when it comes to providing the contents of the catalogue: many different partners share the workload of updating. Recently several different initiatives concerning metadata and centralized databases have been launched at different levels (national and cantonal) in Switzerland. Sharing therefore implies connecting these initiatives and coordinating the collection of metadata. Envirocat has been developed entirely with open source technology, making it possible for others to share the experience gained through envirocat and to take part in the future development of the application. This paper focuses on different aspects that are equally important for a successful envirocat cata...
Urban areas are increasingly affected by extreme heat in the face of climate change, while the si... more Urban areas are increasingly affected by extreme heat in the face of climate change, while the size and vulnerability of exposed populations are shifting due to economic development, demographic change, and urbanization. In addition to the need to assess future urban heat-related health risks, there is also an increasing need to design adaptation strategies that will be effective under varying levels of socioeconomic development and climate change. We use the case study of Houston, Texas, to develop and demonstrate a scenario-based approach to explore the effectiveness of both autonomous and planned heat-related adaptations under multiple plausible futures. We couple a heat risk model with urban climate projections (under the Representative Concentration Pathways) and vulnerability projections (under locally extended Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) to investigate the impact of different adaptation strategies under multiple scenario combinations. We demonstrate that, in the context of...
Nowadays, the volume of data coming from the public sector is growing rapidly on the Open Data We... more Nowadays, the volume of data coming from the public sector is growing rapidly on the Open Data Web. Most of these data come from governmental agencies such as Statistical and Mapping Agencies. Together, these public institutions publish territorial statistics that are of utmost importance for policy-makers to conduct various analyses of their jurisdiction, in time and space, and observe its evolution over time. However, through times, all over the world, the geographic divisions that serve as a reference for recording territorial statistical values, are subject to change: their name, their belonging or their boundaries change for political or administrative reasons and at several subdivision levels (e.g., regions, districts, sub-districts). These changes lead to breaks in time-series and are source of both misinterpretations, and statistical biases when not properly documented. In this chapter, we investigate solutions relying on the Semantic Web technologies for the description of ...
In this presentation, we report the findings of a new study in which we combined projections of u... more In this presentation, we report the findings of a new study in which we combined projections of urban population under the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) with projections of apparent temperature under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) in order to explore future exposure to deadly heat across 173 large African cities. Based on the multiple combinations of SSP and RCP, we show that the aggregate exposure in African cities will increase by a multiple of 20-52, reaching 86-217 billion person-days per year by the 2090s, depending on the scenarios combination. We also explore the individual influence of demographic and climatic changes on future exposure by computing the so-called climate effect, population effect, and interaction effect. Results show that at the continental level, exposure to deadly heat is primarily driven by the population and interaction effects, with the climate effect alone being negligible in all cases. Finally, and most importantly, we ...
Partout dans le monde, les decoupages geographiques, dont les territoires font l’objet, sont soum... more Partout dans le monde, les decoupages geographiques, dont les territoires font l’objet, sont soumis a des modifications de noms, d’affiliations, de frontieres, etc. Ces changements sont un obstacle a la comparabilite des donnees statistiques (socio-economiques, sanitaires, environnementales...) mesurees sur ces territoires sur de longues periodes. Afin d’apporter une solution conceptuelle et operationnelle a cette problematique, nous proposons un framework, nomme Theseus, qui s’appuie sur les technologies du Web semantique pour decrire l’evolution des decoupages geographiques dans le Web des donnees ouvertes et liees (Linked Open Data (LOD) en anglais). Notre approche couvre la modelisation des zones geographiques et de leurs chan- gements au cours du temps, mais aussi la detection et la description automatique des changements, ainsi que l’exploitation de ces descriptions dans le LOD Cloud au moyen de requetes SPARQL.
This paper presents the envirocat project, the Swiss Catalogue of Environmental Data. Envirocat d... more This paper presents the envirocat project, the Swiss Catalogue of Environmental Data. Envirocat deals with different aspects of sharing: federal and cantonal institutions share information about environmental data with other institutions and the public in a system accessible to all. Sharing is also significant when it comes to providing the contents of the catalogue: many different partners share the workload of updating. Recently several different initiatives concerning metadata and centralized databases have been launched at different levels (national and cantonal) in Switzerland. Sharing therefore implies connecting these initiatives and coordinating the collection of metadata. Envirocat has been developed entirely with open source technology, making it possible for others to share the experience gained through envirocat and to take part in the future development of the application. This paper focuses on different aspects that are equally important for a successful envirocat cata...
Urban areas are increasingly affected by extreme heat in the face of climate change, while the si... more Urban areas are increasingly affected by extreme heat in the face of climate change, while the size and vulnerability of exposed populations are shifting due to economic development, demographic change, and urbanization. In addition to the need to assess future urban heat-related health risks, there is also an increasing need to design adaptation strategies that will be effective under varying levels of socioeconomic development and climate change. We use the case study of Houston, Texas, to develop and demonstrate a scenario-based approach to explore the effectiveness of both autonomous and planned heat-related adaptations under multiple plausible futures. We couple a heat risk model with urban climate projections (under the Representative Concentration Pathways) and vulnerability projections (under locally extended Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) to investigate the impact of different adaptation strategies under multiple scenario combinations. We demonstrate that, in the context of...
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