Mar Marcos
Mar Marcos is professor of ancient history at the University of Cantabria, Spain. Her research interests lie in Roman history and the history of religions in the ancient Mediterranean, particularly in late antiquity. She has edited Conflict and Compromise. The Role of the Bishop in Late Antiqutiy, with Andrew T. Fear and José F. Ubiña (Bloomsbury, 2013),Tolerancia e intolerancia en el Imperio Romano (Madrid, 2007), Herejes en la Historia (Trotta, 2009). Her current research is on strategies to resolve religious conflict in the later Roman Empire. She is President of the Spanish Association for the Study of Religions (SECR) and Vice President of the International Association for the History of Religion (IAHR). She is Head of the University of Cantabria Doctoral School.
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Projet de recherche interdisciplinaire PID2019-106423GB-I00
Mar Marcos
Résumé :
On suppose traditionnellement en historiographie que la condition de citoyen a perdu beaucoup de sa valeur après la Constitutio Antoniniana de 212, qui a étendu la citoyenneté à pratiquement tous les habitants de l'Empire. Cela répond à une approche du problème en termes politiques, centrée sur la relation de l'individu avec l'État et les institutions (Sherwin-White 1973) et sur les conditions nécessaires à la participation à la vie publique (Nicolet 1980). Mais durant l'Empire, les droits et devoirs politiques des citoyens ont considérablement changé, introduisant de nouveaux paramètres pour établir les capacités et les handicaps juridiques, parmi lesquels la dissidence religieuse, qui plaçait les individus dans la catégorie des infâmes, les excluant de tout ou quelques droits de citoyenneté. Au cours de ce séminaire, un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire sera présenté. Il vise à analyser globalement les conséquences de la dissidence religieuse dans la vie civique, à partir de Constantin, en comparant les sources juridiques avec les sources littéraires pour déterminer l'impact de la législation religieuse sur les capacités civiques, dans une période, l'Antiquité tardive, où "être citoyen" prend de nouvelles significations.
imperial women came to assume power and the means of their dynastical propaganda, by means of which a definitive establishment of the female political role within the imperial government was shaped.
In their widest perspective, Patristic sources constitute the textual support of this development, as they essentially outline the gradual development in the construction of the Augusta’s political and religious figure, as well as the conceptualization of a court propaganda from the
Late Antiquity to Byzantium. The workshop will present, with an introductory lecture, how a basilikos logos, namely Gregory of Nyssa’s paramythetikos logos dedicated to the empress Flaccilla, established firm canons of representing the feminine consort as a royal figure
highlighting, in particular, the empress’ evergetism (philantropia) and her advocacy against heresies (orthodoxia). Flaccilla, Eudocia, Eudoxia, Euphemia, Irene, Zoe (some of the leading figures to be analysed in this symposium) begin to wield progressively the same power prerogatives of their masculine consort, as mostly material evidences attested. Utterly remarkable is, within the visual display, to perceive in detail this evolution forged on coins, ivories, bas-reliefs and statues which portray the Augustae in full imperial attire (with insignia and tituli) bearing noteworthy resemblances to the emperors’ portraits onto the same material supports. This momentous change, therefore, made imperial women to lose their peculiar connotations as mothers and spouses and, as a result, be distinguished not only as a mere members of the imperial family but also as βασιλίσσαι καὶ δεσποίναι (queens and regents),namely representatives of the ruling power.
From this perspective, the panel will enquire into the construction of religious traditions that either defend and construct self-defensive positions of a group in relation with others or claim different positions in society. The papers will pay special attention to how religious identities are constructed in the above process. The papers will also explore the relationship between religions or cultures, which are generated through communication strategies of religious minorities. Finally, they will analyze various way of communicating religious values through official and open messages or through hidden media.
Specialisti di storia del cristianesimo e della Chiesa, storici della tarda antichità, storici delle religioni, filologi e archeologi partecipano al presente convegno con l’obiettivo di studiare, nelle sue molteplici dimensioni (giuridica, economica, sociale, topografica, liturgica, di relazioni di potere, etc.), gli spazi degli eretici durante questo periodo cruciale per la storia del cristianesimo europeo.
Il convegno è organizzato dalla Sapienza Università di Roma e dalla Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología del CSIC en Roma, con il patrocinio dei progetti HAR2015-66453-R (Gobierno de España) e FIRB “Spazi sacri e percorsi identitari”, e della Rivista Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni.
Gli incontri programmati sono tre e di tre tipologie diverse:
- un seminario rivolto a un gruppo ristretto di docenti, ricercatori e dottorandi e volto a progettare la partecipazione al congresso IAHR di Erfurt (relatore: Serena Di Nepi);
- una lezione per gli allievi del dottorato di Storia, Antropologia, Religioni;
- una conferenza per i colleghi del Dipartimento di Storia, Culture, Religioni e per gli studenti delle magistrali
Contributions to this panel are invited to present cases of civic exclusion related to religious dissent, both of individuals and groups, as well as citizenship discourses during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Legal sources, canons of Church councils, hagiography, and theological texts provide a rich and varied material to document religious resilience in a crucial formative period in the history of Europe, giving rise to new forms of social and political belonging.