<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review an... more <p>Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review</p
Supplemental material, APPENDIX_3._Bibliometric_indicators_used for The Psychology of Morality: A... more Supplemental material, APPENDIX_3._Bibliometric_indicators_used for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, APPENDIX_2._Reference_list_of_all_studies_included_in_review_(1940-2017) f... more Supplemental material, APPENDIX_2._Reference_list_of_all_studies_included_in_review_(1940-2017) for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, APPENDIX_1._Exclusion_of_papers_in_review for The Psychology of Morality: ... more Supplemental material, APPENDIX_1._Exclusion_of_papers_in_review for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Tables for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_Tables for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysi... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
. Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way ... more . Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to induce policy compliance. Despite negative theoretical predictions, a recent line of research revealed that default nudges may become more effective if people are informed why they should exhibit the targeted behavior. Yet, it is an open empirical question whether the increase in compliance came from setting a default and consequently disclosing it, or the provided information was sufficient to deliver the effect on its own. Results from an online experiment indicate that both defaulting and transparency information exert a statistically independent effect on compliance, with highest compliance rates observed in the combined condition. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ide... more From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ideally, policy-makers are transparent and actively disclose the presence, purpose and means of a decision aid. From a practical point of view, however, transparency has been discussed as reducing the effectiveness of decision aids. In the present paper, we elaborate on how transparency affects the effectiveness of defaults. In three experiments, we manipulated whether the endorser was transparent about the default or not and assessed participants’ decisions to opt out or comply. Throughout the experiments, we found that proactive transparency reduced opt-out rates as compared to a non-transparent default condition. Moreover, proactive disclosure of a default reduced opt-out rates as compared to informed control groups, where participants imagined they had retrieved the default-related information by themselves (Studies 1 and 2). The results further indicate that a lack of proactive disclos...
Default nudges successfully guide choices across multiple domains. Online use cases for defaults ... more Default nudges successfully guide choices across multiple domains. Online use cases for defaults range from promoting sustainable purchases to inducing acceptance of behavior tracking scripts, or “cookies.” However, many scholars view defaults as unethical due to the covert ways in which they influence behavior. Hence, opt-outs and other digital decision aids are progressively being regulated in an attempt to make them more transparent. The current practice of transparency boils down to saturating the decision environment with convoluted legal information. This approach might be informed by researchers, who hypothesized that nudges could become less effective once they are clearly laid out: People can retaliate against influence attempts if they are aware of them. A recent line of research has shown that such concerns are unfounded when the default-setters proactively discloses the purpose of the intervention. Yet, it remained unclear whether the effect persists when defaults reflec...
We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and rela... more We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and relations are well documented by existing data and which areas of inquiry are in need of further empirical evidence. An electronic literature search yielded a total of 1,278 relevant research articles published from 1940 through 2017. These were subjected to expert content analysis and standardized bibliometric analysis to classify research questions and relate these to (trends in) empirical approaches that characterize research on morality. We categorize the research questions addressed in this literature into five different themes and consider how empirical approaches within each of these themes have addressed psychological antecedents and implications of moral behavior. We conclude that some key features of theoretical questions relating to human morality are not systematically captured in empirical research and are in need of further investigation.
Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to... more Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to induce policy compliance. Despite negative theoretical predictions, a recent line of research revealed that default nudges may become more effective if people are informed why they should exhibit the targeted behavior. Yet, it is an open empirical question whether the increase in compliance came from setting a default and consequently disclosing it, or the provided information was sufficient to deliver the effect on its own. Results from an online experiment indicate that both defaulting and transparency information exert a statistically independent effect on compliance, with highest compliance rates observed in the combined condition. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Default options have been successfully utilized in influencing behavior across multiple domains. ... more Default options have been successfully utilized in influencing behavior across multiple domains. Recent empirical evidence advocated the induction of transparency to default interventions as an effective tool for increasing policy compliance. However, the roles of the different transparency components in achieving the effect remain unexplored. In an experimental study, we measured the effects of three different transparency disclosures on default effectiveness. The default’s target behavior, the default’s purpose, and the way defaults work were disclosed in separate conditions. Our results show that transparency significantly increases compliance to the default nudge. In addition, we provide an insight as to which transparency components are most effective in boosting the default effect.
From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ide... more From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ideally, policy-makers are transparent and actively disclose the presence, purpose and means of a decision aid. From a practical point of view, however, transparency has been discussed as reducing the effectiveness of decision aids. In the present paper, we elaborate on how transparency affects the effectiveness of defaults. In three experiments, we manipulated whether the endorser was transparent about the default or not and assessed participants’ decisions to opt out or comply. Throughout the experiments, we found that proactive transparency reduced opt-out rates as compared to a non-transparent default condition. Moreover, proactive disclosure of a default reduced opt-out rates as compared to informed control groups, where participants imagined they had retrieved the default-related information by themselves ...
Old, but made of gold :) I was looking a solution to an old problem in motivation: can we work be... more Old, but made of gold :) I was looking a solution to an old problem in motivation: can we work better on tasks we don't like? The answer appeared to be yes, however, more participants were needed.
<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review an... more <p>Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review</p
Supplemental material, APPENDIX_3._Bibliometric_indicators_used for The Psychology of Morality: A... more Supplemental material, APPENDIX_3._Bibliometric_indicators_used for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, APPENDIX_2._Reference_list_of_all_studies_included_in_review_(1940-2017) f... more Supplemental material, APPENDIX_2._Reference_list_of_all_studies_included_in_review_(1940-2017) for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, APPENDIX_1._Exclusion_of_papers_in_review for The Psychology of Morality: ... more Supplemental material, APPENDIX_1._Exclusion_of_papers_in_review for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Tables for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_Tables for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysi... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figures for The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 by Naomi Ellemers, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Yavor Paunov and Thed van Leeuwen in Personality and Social Psychology Review
. Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way ... more . Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to induce policy compliance. Despite negative theoretical predictions, a recent line of research revealed that default nudges may become more effective if people are informed why they should exhibit the targeted behavior. Yet, it is an open empirical question whether the increase in compliance came from setting a default and consequently disclosing it, or the provided information was sufficient to deliver the effect on its own. Results from an online experiment indicate that both defaulting and transparency information exert a statistically independent effect on compliance, with highest compliance rates observed in the combined condition. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ide... more From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ideally, policy-makers are transparent and actively disclose the presence, purpose and means of a decision aid. From a practical point of view, however, transparency has been discussed as reducing the effectiveness of decision aids. In the present paper, we elaborate on how transparency affects the effectiveness of defaults. In three experiments, we manipulated whether the endorser was transparent about the default or not and assessed participants’ decisions to opt out or comply. Throughout the experiments, we found that proactive transparency reduced opt-out rates as compared to a non-transparent default condition. Moreover, proactive disclosure of a default reduced opt-out rates as compared to informed control groups, where participants imagined they had retrieved the default-related information by themselves (Studies 1 and 2). The results further indicate that a lack of proactive disclos...
Default nudges successfully guide choices across multiple domains. Online use cases for defaults ... more Default nudges successfully guide choices across multiple domains. Online use cases for defaults range from promoting sustainable purchases to inducing acceptance of behavior tracking scripts, or “cookies.” However, many scholars view defaults as unethical due to the covert ways in which they influence behavior. Hence, opt-outs and other digital decision aids are progressively being regulated in an attempt to make them more transparent. The current practice of transparency boils down to saturating the decision environment with convoluted legal information. This approach might be informed by researchers, who hypothesized that nudges could become less effective once they are clearly laid out: People can retaliate against influence attempts if they are aware of them. A recent line of research has shown that such concerns are unfounded when the default-setters proactively discloses the purpose of the intervention. Yet, it remained unclear whether the effect persists when defaults reflec...
We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and rela... more We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and relations are well documented by existing data and which areas of inquiry are in need of further empirical evidence. An electronic literature search yielded a total of 1,278 relevant research articles published from 1940 through 2017. These were subjected to expert content analysis and standardized bibliometric analysis to classify research questions and relate these to (trends in) empirical approaches that characterize research on morality. We categorize the research questions addressed in this literature into five different themes and consider how empirical approaches within each of these themes have addressed psychological antecedents and implications of moral behavior. We conclude that some key features of theoretical questions relating to human morality are not systematically captured in empirical research and are in need of further investigation.
Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to... more Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to induce policy compliance. Despite negative theoretical predictions, a recent line of research revealed that default nudges may become more effective if people are informed why they should exhibit the targeted behavior. Yet, it is an open empirical question whether the increase in compliance came from setting a default and consequently disclosing it, or the provided information was sufficient to deliver the effect on its own. Results from an online experiment indicate that both defaulting and transparency information exert a statistically independent effect on compliance, with highest compliance rates observed in the combined condition. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Default options have been successfully utilized in influencing behavior across multiple domains. ... more Default options have been successfully utilized in influencing behavior across multiple domains. Recent empirical evidence advocated the induction of transparency to default interventions as an effective tool for increasing policy compliance. However, the roles of the different transparency components in achieving the effect remain unexplored. In an experimental study, we measured the effects of three different transparency disclosures on default effectiveness. The default’s target behavior, the default’s purpose, and the way defaults work were disclosed in separate conditions. Our results show that transparency significantly increases compliance to the default nudge. In addition, we provide an insight as to which transparency components are most effective in boosting the default effect.
From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ide... more From an ethical standpoint, transparency is an essential requirement in public policy-making. Ideally, policy-makers are transparent and actively disclose the presence, purpose and means of a decision aid. From a practical point of view, however, transparency has been discussed as reducing the effectiveness of decision aids. In the present paper, we elaborate on how transparency affects the effectiveness of defaults. In three experiments, we manipulated whether the endorser was transparent about the default or not and assessed participants’ decisions to opt out or comply. Throughout the experiments, we found that proactive transparency reduced opt-out rates as compared to a non-transparent default condition. Moreover, proactive disclosure of a default reduced opt-out rates as compared to informed control groups, where participants imagined they had retrieved the default-related information by themselves ...
Old, but made of gold :) I was looking a solution to an old problem in motivation: can we work be... more Old, but made of gold :) I was looking a solution to an old problem in motivation: can we work better on tasks we don't like? The answer appeared to be yes, however, more participants were needed.
Uploads
Papers