Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is widely regarded as a laboratory analog of multip... more Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is widely regarded as a laboratory analog of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent evidence both in MS and EAE point to the fact that activated macrophages appear to be proximal agents of myelin destruction (1). In view of these findings and encouraged by the preliminary results of a trial of colchicine in MS patients, we asked the question whether or not colchicine might be effective in the prevention of EAE. Colchicine is a unique antiinflammatory agent whose traditional use has been in the treatment and prophylaxis of acute gout (2). In addition, colchicine is also effective against a variety of inflammatory disorders such as familial Mediterranean fever and Behcet's disease which resemble MS in their cardinal features of recurrent inflammation and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Murine EAE was induced both by active sensitization of animals with neural antigens and by adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cells. The results ob...
Significant progress has been made in the development of the malaria vaccine during the last 20 y... more Significant progress has been made in the development of the malaria vaccine during the last 20 years. Ninety percent of the 300–500 million clinical cases of malaria per year worldwide occur in Africa. Thus, research must be directed toward the 1 million African children under 5 years of age who die every year of malaria. An asexual blood-stage vaccine, capable of reducing severe and complicated malaria and malaria-related mortality, is therefore an important public health tool in these countries. Although knowledge of the parasite's biology is incomplete, research has allowed insight into some of the mechanisms that the parasite uses to evade host immunity. This is the basis for adopting an “antigenic cocktail” approach toward obtaining a synthetic or recombinant subunit vaccine such as the synthetic Colombian Malaria vaccine SPf 66. During the development of Spf66, field trials under both low and high malaria endemicity areas in Latin America and Africa have been carried out....
Siglo y medio después de la descripción de la Meningitis Tuberculosa (MTB) por Senn (1825) 93 año... more Siglo y medio después de la descripción de la Meningitis Tuberculosa (MTB) por Senn (1825) 93 años después del aislamiento del Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Koch, 1882) y 30 años después de iniciarse la era de la quimioterapia para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis (1945), la infección TBC del SNC, primordialmente la MTB, presenta todavía una elevada incidencia y tasas muy altas de morbilidad y mortalidad en muchos países de América Latina, Asia y Africa
Las obras de arte no son el todo en el arte. El arte es una forma de pensar, es pensamientoextrem... more Las obras de arte no son el todo en el arte. El arte es una forma de pensar, es pensamientoextremo, está en la cotidianidad, esta en cualquiera de nosotros, puede ser extremo-extremo (el artista y la obra de arte). La educación artística es la guía en su construcción. La estética es emoción, es pensamiento con sentimiento.
The synthetic malaria vaccine SPf 66 has been shown to be safe, immunogenic and effective in tria... more The synthetic malaria vaccine SPf 66 has been shown to be safe, immunogenic and effective in trials performed with controlled groups naturally and experimentally exposed to the disease. In order to continue the trials in open populations, it was necessary to standardize the vaccination characteristics. We have performed four field trials with soldier volunteers with the aim, among others, of defining the number of doses required, the intervals between applications, the protein concentration, and the adjuvant to be used. In these trials, the vaccinated individuals' immune responses were evaluated by assaying anti-SPf 66 antibody titres, in vitro growth inhibition of the P. falciparum parasite, and the vaccinees' capacity to recognize P. falciparum native proteins. From these results we conclude that the best vaccination schedule, for adults, is three doses administered subcutaneously on days 0, 30 and 180, each containing 2 mg of the synthetic polymerized petide SPf 66 adsorbed to alum hydroxide.
In the first field trial with synthetic malaria vaccine SPf66 in a large population naturally exp... more In the first field trial with synthetic malaria vaccine SPf66 in a large population naturally exposed to malaria, 9957 persons greater than 1 year old and residing on the Colombian Pacific coast received three doses of the vaccine. To evaluate vaccine safety, clinical observations were made 30 min and 48 h after each immunization. There were no adverse reactions in 95.7% of cases. In the 4.3% of cases with adverse reactions, local induration and erythema were the most frequent. In a randomly selected group of vaccinees, anti-SPf66 antibody titers were measured after the third dose: 93% of the vaccinees raised antibodies to SPf66. Among these, 55% had titers greater than 1:1600. These results demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of the SPf66 vaccine in a large field trial.
Colchicine was found to inhibit the clinical and histopathological manifestations of monophasic e... more Colchicine was found to inhibit the clinical and histopathological manifestations of monophasic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice. For inhibition of actively induced disease, inoculation of colchicine at the time of encephalitogenic challenge was found to be most effective. In adoptive transfer experiments, lymph node cells (LNC) from colchicine treated donors failed to transfer the disease. Additionally, colchicine treatment of recipients receiving an otherwise disease-inducing level of sensitized LNC prevented the development of disease. Experiments involving delayed-type hypersensitivity expression support an inhibitory role for the drug on event(s) of the efferent pathway of the cellular immune response.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is widely regarded as a laboratory analog of multip... more Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is widely regarded as a laboratory analog of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent evidence both in MS and EAE point to the fact that activated macrophages appear to be proximal agents of myelin destruction (1). In view of these findings and encouraged by the preliminary results of a trial of colchicine in MS patients, we asked the question whether or not colchicine might be effective in the prevention of EAE. Colchicine is a unique antiinflammatory agent whose traditional use has been in the treatment and prophylaxis of acute gout (2). In addition, colchicine is also effective against a variety of inflammatory disorders such as familial Mediterranean fever and Behcet's disease which resemble MS in their cardinal features of recurrent inflammation and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Murine EAE was induced both by active sensitization of animals with neural antigens and by adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cells. The results ob...
Significant progress has been made in the development of the malaria vaccine during the last 20 y... more Significant progress has been made in the development of the malaria vaccine during the last 20 years. Ninety percent of the 300–500 million clinical cases of malaria per year worldwide occur in Africa. Thus, research must be directed toward the 1 million African children under 5 years of age who die every year of malaria. An asexual blood-stage vaccine, capable of reducing severe and complicated malaria and malaria-related mortality, is therefore an important public health tool in these countries. Although knowledge of the parasite's biology is incomplete, research has allowed insight into some of the mechanisms that the parasite uses to evade host immunity. This is the basis for adopting an “antigenic cocktail” approach toward obtaining a synthetic or recombinant subunit vaccine such as the synthetic Colombian Malaria vaccine SPf 66. During the development of Spf66, field trials under both low and high malaria endemicity areas in Latin America and Africa have been carried out....
Siglo y medio después de la descripción de la Meningitis Tuberculosa (MTB) por Senn (1825) 93 año... more Siglo y medio después de la descripción de la Meningitis Tuberculosa (MTB) por Senn (1825) 93 años después del aislamiento del Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Koch, 1882) y 30 años después de iniciarse la era de la quimioterapia para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis (1945), la infección TBC del SNC, primordialmente la MTB, presenta todavía una elevada incidencia y tasas muy altas de morbilidad y mortalidad en muchos países de América Latina, Asia y Africa
Las obras de arte no son el todo en el arte. El arte es una forma de pensar, es pensamientoextrem... more Las obras de arte no son el todo en el arte. El arte es una forma de pensar, es pensamientoextremo, está en la cotidianidad, esta en cualquiera de nosotros, puede ser extremo-extremo (el artista y la obra de arte). La educación artística es la guía en su construcción. La estética es emoción, es pensamiento con sentimiento.
The synthetic malaria vaccine SPf 66 has been shown to be safe, immunogenic and effective in tria... more The synthetic malaria vaccine SPf 66 has been shown to be safe, immunogenic and effective in trials performed with controlled groups naturally and experimentally exposed to the disease. In order to continue the trials in open populations, it was necessary to standardize the vaccination characteristics. We have performed four field trials with soldier volunteers with the aim, among others, of defining the number of doses required, the intervals between applications, the protein concentration, and the adjuvant to be used. In these trials, the vaccinated individuals' immune responses were evaluated by assaying anti-SPf 66 antibody titres, in vitro growth inhibition of the P. falciparum parasite, and the vaccinees' capacity to recognize P. falciparum native proteins. From these results we conclude that the best vaccination schedule, for adults, is three doses administered subcutaneously on days 0, 30 and 180, each containing 2 mg of the synthetic polymerized petide SPf 66 adsorbed to alum hydroxide.
In the first field trial with synthetic malaria vaccine SPf66 in a large population naturally exp... more In the first field trial with synthetic malaria vaccine SPf66 in a large population naturally exposed to malaria, 9957 persons greater than 1 year old and residing on the Colombian Pacific coast received three doses of the vaccine. To evaluate vaccine safety, clinical observations were made 30 min and 48 h after each immunization. There were no adverse reactions in 95.7% of cases. In the 4.3% of cases with adverse reactions, local induration and erythema were the most frequent. In a randomly selected group of vaccinees, anti-SPf66 antibody titers were measured after the third dose: 93% of the vaccinees raised antibodies to SPf66. Among these, 55% had titers greater than 1:1600. These results demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of the SPf66 vaccine in a large field trial.
Colchicine was found to inhibit the clinical and histopathological manifestations of monophasic e... more Colchicine was found to inhibit the clinical and histopathological manifestations of monophasic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice. For inhibition of actively induced disease, inoculation of colchicine at the time of encephalitogenic challenge was found to be most effective. In adoptive transfer experiments, lymph node cells (LNC) from colchicine treated donors failed to transfer the disease. Additionally, colchicine treatment of recipients receiving an otherwise disease-inducing level of sensitized LNC prevented the development of disease. Experiments involving delayed-type hypersensitivity expression support an inhibitory role for the drug on event(s) of the efferent pathway of the cellular immune response.
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Papers by Roberto Amador