The potential of four indigenous aquatic plants to serve as a phytoremediation plant in uptake he... more The potential of four indigenous aquatic plants to serve as a phytoremediation plant in uptake heavy metals from natural habitat areas was evaluated in this study. These indigenous aquatic plants M. hastata, I. aquatica, E. crassipes and S. mucronatus were chosen as they can easily be obtained and well spread in the environment in Sabah. The concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cu were determined in these macrophytes collected from 3 different areas; M. hastata and I. aquatica (Likas Lagoon), E. crassipes (disused paddy field K g Tagas, Tuaran) and S. mucronatus (Acid M ine Drainage, M amut Sabah). The highest concentration was observed for heavy metal Pb in I. aquatica (356.98 ug/g) followed by S. mucronatus (40.25 ug/g), E. crassipes (22.33 ug/g) and M. hastata (21.51 ug/g). For metal Cu, the range of metal uptake are as descending order as M. hastata (29.17 ug/g)> S. mucronatus(6.35 ug/g)> I. aquatica (5.70 ug/g)> E. crassipes (4.84 ug/g). The results showed that all indigenous aquatic plants were able to accumulated high metals concentration in roots compared to leaves and stalks except for E. crassipes at paddy field Kg Tagas KK. The distribution of Pb and Cu in plant tissues (roots, leaves and stalks) and translocation factor (TF) of M. hastata, I. aquatica, E. crassipes and S. mucronatus were also discussed in this paper
The effectiveness of water hyacinth (E. crassipes) and water lettuce (P. stratiotes) serve as phy... more The effectiveness of water hyacinth (E. crassipes) and water lettuce (P. stratiotes) serve as phytoremediation plants has been tested for removal of two heavy metals chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) from simulated wastewater. These indigenous aquatic plants were grown in Continuous Verticals Inlet Flow Reactor (CVIF) at 3 different concentrations of Cr and Zn; 0.2 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l as single metal. The circulation of the treated wastewater using CVIF enhances the removal capacity, facilitates operation at higher organic loading and help to reduce the required area. The results show both indigenous aquatic plants performed extremely well in removing Zn (99.9%) and Cr (98.4%) at 0.2 mg/l as compared to other concentrations. The removal of Zn and Cr at 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l were ranged at 76.1%-99.8%. The study also shows that the removal of Cr and Zn at lower concentration of 0.2 mg/ and 0.5 mg/l was found harmless without any symptoms to both indigenous aquatic plants. However at 1.0 mg/l (Cr), E. crassipes and P. stratiotes has shown some morphological symptom of toxicity towards this metal. The Bioconcentration factors (BCF), Translocation factors (TF) and distribution of Cr and Zn in plant tissues (roots, leaves, stalks) of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes were also discussed in this paper.
The efficiency of aquatic macrophytes serve as phytoremediation has become acceptance technique d... more The efficiency of aquatic macrophytes serve as phytoremediation has become acceptance technique due to its cost effectiveness, non-intrusive and safe alternative to conventional clean up wastewater. Under present investigation, two indigenous aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes were used to compare the removal of single metal Pb and mixed metals (Pb+Zn+Ni+Cd+Cr) from simulated wastewater. Both species were cultivated in simulated UMS Lake water by adding 0.5 mg/L concentration of Pb as single metal and 0.5 mg/L of mixed metals Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd and Cr in CVIF reactor for 15 days experimental period. The removal efficiency of single metal Pb has shown sharp decrease in the first and 2 nd day of the experiment with 94 %. On the contrary, mixed metals showed lag phase at day 6 of cultivation and continued to have gradual pattern until day 15. The final results showed that single metal Pb has been removed almost 100% from the simulated wastewater as compared to the mixed metals which is only 72%. The enrichment factor (EF), translocation factor (TF) and distribution of single and mixed Pb in plant tissues (roots, leaves and stalks) of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes were also discussed in this paper.
The potential of removal capacities of selected aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes fro... more The potential of removal capacities of selected aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes from simulated wastewater were determined by using Continuous Vertical Inlet Flow (CVIF) technique. Under present investigation, both indigenous aquatic plants were used to evaluate the effect of nutrient (0, 1 and 2-fold nutrient) and inoculation of Pb – tolerant bacteria (Bacillus cereus 1-NMeHI-Cr2) on removal of Pb from simulated wastewater. Both species were cultivated in simulated UMS Lake water by adding 1.5 mg/L concentration of Pb at 0, 1 and 2 fold nutrient levels for 15 days experimental period. Then, the preferential nutrient level was selected to examine the effect of inoculation Bacillus cereus 1-NMeHI-Cr2 on the removal capacities of Pb. The concentration of Pb in wastewater and plants were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that both indigenous aquatic plants performed extremely well in removing Pb with (99.6%) at 0-fold > (94.7%) at 1-fold and (85.4%) at 2-fold nutrient levels after 15 days experimental set up. The inoculation of Pb-tolerant B. cereus 1-NMeHI-Cr2 (T1) onto the roots of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes had accelerate the removal capacity within 4 day period with 99.6% followed by (T2) without inoculation with (99.4%). The results also shown that both plants have a similar distribution pattern of Pb in plant tissues as roots > leaves > stalks. The physical changes and morphological symptoms of both plants were also discussed in this paper.
The potential of four indigenous aquatic plants to serve as a phytoremediation plant in uptake he... more The potential of four indigenous aquatic plants to serve as a phytoremediation plant in uptake heavy metals from natural habitat areas was evaluated in this study. These indigenous aquatic plants M. hastata, I. aquatica, E. crassipes and S. mucronatus were chosen as they can easily be obtained and well spread in the environment in Sabah. The concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cu were determined in these macrophytes collected from 3 different areas; M. hastata and I. aquatica (Likas Lagoon), E. crassipes (disused paddy field K g Tagas, Tuaran) and S. mucronatus (Acid M ine Drainage, M amut Sabah). The highest concentration was observed for heavy metal Pb in I. aquatica (356.98 ug/g) followed by S. mucronatus (40.25 ug/g), E. crassipes (22.33 ug/g) and M. hastata (21.51 ug/g). For metal Cu, the range of metal uptake are as descending order as M. hastata (29.17 ug/g)> S. mucronatus(6.35 ug/g)> I. aquatica (5.70 ug/g)> E. crassipes (4.84 ug/g). The results showed that all indigenous aquatic plants were able to accumulated high metals concentration in roots compared to leaves and stalks except for E. crassipes at paddy field Kg Tagas KK. The distribution of Pb and Cu in plant tissues (roots, leaves and stalks) and translocation factor (TF) of M. hastata, I. aquatica, E. crassipes and S. mucronatus were also discussed in this paper
The effectiveness of water hyacinth (E. crassipes) and water lettuce (P. stratiotes) serve as phy... more The effectiveness of water hyacinth (E. crassipes) and water lettuce (P. stratiotes) serve as phytoremediation plants has been tested for removal of two heavy metals chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) from simulated wastewater. These indigenous aquatic plants were grown in Continuous Verticals Inlet Flow Reactor (CVIF) at 3 different concentrations of Cr and Zn; 0.2 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l as single metal. The circulation of the treated wastewater using CVIF enhances the removal capacity, facilitates operation at higher organic loading and help to reduce the required area. The results show both indigenous aquatic plants performed extremely well in removing Zn (99.9%) and Cr (98.4%) at 0.2 mg/l as compared to other concentrations. The removal of Zn and Cr at 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l were ranged at 76.1%-99.8%. The study also shows that the removal of Cr and Zn at lower concentration of 0.2 mg/ and 0.5 mg/l was found harmless without any symptoms to both indigenous aquatic plants. However at 1.0 mg/l (Cr), E. crassipes and P. stratiotes has shown some morphological symptom of toxicity towards this metal. The Bioconcentration factors (BCF), Translocation factors (TF) and distribution of Cr and Zn in plant tissues (roots, leaves, stalks) of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes were also discussed in this paper.
The efficiency of aquatic macrophytes serve as phytoremediation has become acceptance technique d... more The efficiency of aquatic macrophytes serve as phytoremediation has become acceptance technique due to its cost effectiveness, non-intrusive and safe alternative to conventional clean up wastewater. Under present investigation, two indigenous aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes were used to compare the removal of single metal Pb and mixed metals (Pb+Zn+Ni+Cd+Cr) from simulated wastewater. Both species were cultivated in simulated UMS Lake water by adding 0.5 mg/L concentration of Pb as single metal and 0.5 mg/L of mixed metals Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd and Cr in CVIF reactor for 15 days experimental period. The removal efficiency of single metal Pb has shown sharp decrease in the first and 2 nd day of the experiment with 94 %. On the contrary, mixed metals showed lag phase at day 6 of cultivation and continued to have gradual pattern until day 15. The final results showed that single metal Pb has been removed almost 100% from the simulated wastewater as compared to the mixed metals which is only 72%. The enrichment factor (EF), translocation factor (TF) and distribution of single and mixed Pb in plant tissues (roots, leaves and stalks) of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes were also discussed in this paper.
The potential of removal capacities of selected aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes fro... more The potential of removal capacities of selected aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes from simulated wastewater were determined by using Continuous Vertical Inlet Flow (CVIF) technique. Under present investigation, both indigenous aquatic plants were used to evaluate the effect of nutrient (0, 1 and 2-fold nutrient) and inoculation of Pb – tolerant bacteria (Bacillus cereus 1-NMeHI-Cr2) on removal of Pb from simulated wastewater. Both species were cultivated in simulated UMS Lake water by adding 1.5 mg/L concentration of Pb at 0, 1 and 2 fold nutrient levels for 15 days experimental period. Then, the preferential nutrient level was selected to examine the effect of inoculation Bacillus cereus 1-NMeHI-Cr2 on the removal capacities of Pb. The concentration of Pb in wastewater and plants were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that both indigenous aquatic plants performed extremely well in removing Pb with (99.6%) at 0-fold > (94.7%) at 1-fold and (85.4%) at 2-fold nutrient levels after 15 days experimental set up. The inoculation of Pb-tolerant B. cereus 1-NMeHI-Cr2 (T1) onto the roots of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes had accelerate the removal capacity within 4 day period with 99.6% followed by (T2) without inoculation with (99.4%). The results also shown that both plants have a similar distribution pattern of Pb in plant tissues as roots > leaves > stalks. The physical changes and morphological symptoms of both plants were also discussed in this paper.
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