Multilingualism of the societies of former Portuguese colonies in Africa The goal of the article ... more Multilingualism of the societies of former Portuguese colonies in Africa The goal of the article is to present the multilingualism in the countries emerged from former Portuguese colonies in Africa where, alongside the official Portuguese, more or less numerous native African languages are to be found together with various mixed languages. All of the analysed countries are bi- or multilingual, in each the status of Portuguese is different, and so are the number and the status of national languages. In some, creole languages have developed while in others such mixed languages do not exist. One might ponder the reasons for this linguistic diversification, and as a result, observe both the differences and the shared characteristics of the analysed countries, and identify the factors that might have created this sharp contrast. It is the goal of the present paper to attempt to answer these questions.
Wyzsza Szkola Pedagogiczna im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Wydzial Humanistyczny. Prac... more Wyzsza Szkola Pedagogiczna im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Wydzial Humanistyczny. Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem Prof. dr hab. Stanislawa Karolaka.
The aim of this study is to compare the temporal system of the Polish and Portuguese language tha... more The aim of this study is to compare the temporal system of the Polish and Portuguese language that is to indicate common and distinguishing features between two above mentioned systems. Therefore firstly it shall be considered how both systems are functioning, secondly the most fundamental criteria of such comparison shall be established. Finally an analysis of temporal values of the particular verbal forms shall be conducted. Furthermore the purpose of this study is to compare means of expression of the temporal category in Polish with means of expression of the temporal category in Portuguese. As a result the study indicated that the temporal category together with category of aspect form interconnected grammatical categories which meet on the functional basis. While in Portuguese time and aspect are expressed by morphemes cumulating both functions, Polish has different means of expression of each of these categories. The study enabled to formulate conclusions regarding similarities and differences between both systems as well as to indicate specific features which emphasize uniqueness of each analyzed system.
Pidgins and Other Vehicular LanguagesVehicular languages are languages which are used as a mean o... more Pidgins and Other Vehicular LanguagesVehicular languages are languages which are used as a mean of communication in multicultural and multilingual societies; therefore the key to understanding the essence of vehicular languages is to analyse linguistic contact. The purpose of this study is to analyse such vehicular languages as: pidgin, lingua franca, and sabir, as well as to present the similarities and differences between them. An additional goal is to show the different types of vehicular languages which were used all around the world.
Multilingualism of the societies of former Portuguese colonies in Africa The goal of the article ... more Multilingualism of the societies of former Portuguese colonies in Africa The goal of the article is to present the multilingualism in the countries emerged from former Portuguese colonies in Africa where, alongside the official Portuguese, more or less numerous native African languages are to be found together with various mixed languages. All of the analysed countries are bi- or multilingual, in each the status of Portuguese is different, and so are the number and the status of national languages. In some, creole languages have developed while in others such mixed languages do not exist. One might ponder the reasons for this linguistic diversification, and as a result, observe both the differences and the shared characteristics of the analysed countries, and identify the factors that might have created this sharp contrast. It is the goal of the present paper to attempt to answer these questions.
Wyzsza Szkola Pedagogiczna im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Wydzial Humanistyczny. Prac... more Wyzsza Szkola Pedagogiczna im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Wydzial Humanistyczny. Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem Prof. dr hab. Stanislawa Karolaka.
The aim of this study is to compare the temporal system of the Polish and Portuguese language tha... more The aim of this study is to compare the temporal system of the Polish and Portuguese language that is to indicate common and distinguishing features between two above mentioned systems. Therefore firstly it shall be considered how both systems are functioning, secondly the most fundamental criteria of such comparison shall be established. Finally an analysis of temporal values of the particular verbal forms shall be conducted. Furthermore the purpose of this study is to compare means of expression of the temporal category in Polish with means of expression of the temporal category in Portuguese. As a result the study indicated that the temporal category together with category of aspect form interconnected grammatical categories which meet on the functional basis. While in Portuguese time and aspect are expressed by morphemes cumulating both functions, Polish has different means of expression of each of these categories. The study enabled to formulate conclusions regarding similarities and differences between both systems as well as to indicate specific features which emphasize uniqueness of each analyzed system.
Pidgins and Other Vehicular LanguagesVehicular languages are languages which are used as a mean o... more Pidgins and Other Vehicular LanguagesVehicular languages are languages which are used as a mean of communication in multicultural and multilingual societies; therefore the key to understanding the essence of vehicular languages is to analyse linguistic contact. The purpose of this study is to analyse such vehicular languages as: pidgin, lingua franca, and sabir, as well as to present the similarities and differences between them. An additional goal is to show the different types of vehicular languages which were used all around the world.
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