This study focuses on the changing process, the cultural structure and traces of Turkish Makam Mu... more This study focuses on the changing process, the cultural structure and traces of Turkish Makam Music productions from traditional to popular in 20th Century by altered with the influence of modernization and globalization in its historical process as a result of its evolution, which was occurred by socio cultural change. The notion of makam is an expression tool of musical structure that is produced by cultural textures of a society in terms of cultural aspects. In that context, the makam term has been placed as a cultural element and indicator within musical products of Turkey, and it has common applying fields. By this aspect, the notion of makam has conceptually static and practically dynamic features. Historically, while the cultural changes of Turkey have no impact on the conceptual qualities of makam, the changes have big impact on practical use of makam. Thus, the term “Turkish Makam Music” is suggested as a subtitle of Turkish music with the aim of restriction of meaning in it by its socio-cultural changes especially in 20th century and it is used in this study for referencing to musical products with makam. Turkish Makam Music, which is separated to various categories, contains only the musics that have makam characteristics in traditional and popular practices. Thus there is an opportunity to determine the socio-cultural changes in the process of transition between traditional and popular via the products of Turkish Makam Music. So, Turkish Makam Music represents and refers to the whole cluster of musical structures of makam with a historical line that lies on the past and present, traditional and popular. If we can accept to read the cultural changes in society over the music, the changes could be confirmed by the analysis of makam practices. In this context, Turkish Makam Music, which is significant for cultural life in Ottoman society and Republic times is shaped by various dynamics, continues to be about eight hundred years, but it has been changed by the changes in the cultural life of the society. It signifies the makam music productions that are shaped within the Ottoman-Turkish cultural features and it reached today by the changed socio-cultural structure of Turkish society. Consequently, while the cultural characteristics such as form and style has been changing in times, the unchangeable thing has been the makam structure in Turkish Makam Music. Therefore while the theoretical meanings of makam are non-altered, the practical use of it is changeable rapidly after republican period, and especially after 1980s by technology and globalization. The rapid changes of traditional elements such as form, style, sound and instrumentation have been altered rapidly by the social interaction, and this change underlines the differences and similarities between popular and traditional. For that reason the makam productions especially in republican period is not seen as popular line of Turkish Makam Music and is ignored. However, it is known that the makam music productions of Ottoman times are also altered during the centuries, and this fact is parallel with sociocultural changes. While Turkish popular music industry of 20th century, such as arabesque, tavern, rock, metal or pop musical genres uses the makam structures in their products, the perception of these genres are differentiated to makam music in socio-cultural context. It is seen that these differences are determined by form, style, instrumentation and sound etc.. Thus, the determination of Turkish Makam Music and the notion of makam has anachronical interpretations in today’s perspectives. As a result, it can be said that the cultural meaning imputed to makam concept, shaped generally in a traditional way and because of the Ottoman time domination on Turkish music, popular Turkish music productions in 20th century are especially perceived as if they don’t have makam structure and features. The reason of this perception is cultural changes of society and consequently the changes of musical productions via the structural and audio-visual elements such as forms, lyrics, styles, sounds, instruments etc. However, even as these elements are changing, the structure of makam is using in Turkish popular music productions in progress. So, as a consequence of that it should be considered that the makam structure is not representing by these elements, but they have an impact on the cultural meanings of makam and this must be considered in fields which makam is used such as performance, education etc. Keywords: Turkish Makam Music, Social Change, Traditional, Popular
Male-Dominated Music Style of 1980's: Taverna Taverna's are historical places that people drinks ... more Male-Dominated Music Style of 1980's: Taverna Taverna's are historical places that people drinks and have fun with music in general. However the word 'taverna' identifi es also a music style and genre in Turkey, that become popular after 1980's, and it could be seen that the bands and musical performances in taverna's differs in time. While rebetiko orchestras and singers had performed music under the Greek identity before 1970's, by the reason of some cases the count of Greek taverna's began to be reduced. Eventually, taverna's are commenced to be operated by Turks, and their musical content was changed. Thus, taverna's lost their Greek identity and get Turkish one. Rebetiko bands gave their places to a Turkish male solo singer, who plays piano at fi rst and later an electronic keyboard with a synthesizer.
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (M.Sc.... more Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2006İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Türk Müziği Programı'nda yüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırlanan "İki Yazma Müzik Risalesinin İncelenmesi" adlı bu çalışmada, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi Kütüphanesi 92/3 ve Erzurum Atatürk Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi ASL 606 numarada kayıtlı bulunan Türk müziği teorisi ile ilgili iki yazma risale incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ana yapısı, Arap alfabesiyle yazılan metinlerin Latin alfabesine çevriyazımından ve bugünkü dile tercümesinden oluşmaktadır. Eserlerin yazarları ve yazıldıkları dönemler hakkında herhangi bir bilgi olmadığından dolayı, çalışmanın amacı öncelikle dönem tahmini yapmak olmuştur. Bu tahminlerde kullanılan başlıca metotlar, metinler arası karşılaştırmalar ve yüzyıllara göre filigran incelemeleridir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle metinl...
This study focuses on the changing process, the cultural structure and traces of Turkish Makam Mu... more This study focuses on the changing process, the cultural structure and traces of Turkish Makam Music productions from traditional to popular in 20th Century by altered with the influence of modernization and globalization in its historical process as a result of its evolution, which was occurred by socio cultural change. The notion of makam is an expression tool of musical structure that is produced by cultural textures of a society in terms of cultural aspects. In that context, the makam term has been placed as a cultural element and indicator within musical products of Turkey, and it has common applying fields. By this aspect, the notion of makam has conceptually static and practically dynamic features. Historically, while the cultural changes of Turkey have no impact on the conceptual qualities of makam, the changes have big impact on practical use of makam. Thus, the term “Turkish Makam Music” is suggested as a subtitle of Turkish music with the aim of restriction of meaning in it by its socio-cultural changes especially in 20th century and it is used in this study for referencing to musical products with makam. Turkish Makam Music, which is separated to various categories, contains only the musics that have makam characteristics in traditional and popular practices. Thus there is an opportunity to determine the socio-cultural changes in the process of transition between traditional and popular via the products of Turkish Makam Music. So, Turkish Makam Music represents and refers to the whole cluster of musical structures of makam with a historical line that lies on the past and present, traditional and popular. If we can accept to read the cultural changes in society over the music, the changes could be confirmed by the analysis of makam practices. In this context, Turkish Makam Music, which is significant for cultural life in Ottoman society and Republic times is shaped by various dynamics, continues to be about eight hundred years, but it has been changed by the changes in the cultural life of the society. It signifies the makam music productions that are shaped within the Ottoman-Turkish cultural features and it reached today by the changed socio-cultural structure of Turkish society. Consequently, while the cultural characteristics such as form and style has been changing in times, the unchangeable thing has been the makam structure in Turkish Makam Music. Therefore while the theoretical meanings of makam are non-altered, the practical use of it is changeable rapidly after republican period, and especially after 1980s by technology and globalization. The rapid changes of traditional elements such as form, style, sound and instrumentation have been altered rapidly by the social interaction, and this change underlines the differences and similarities between popular and traditional. For that reason the makam productions especially in republican period is not seen as popular line of Turkish Makam Music and is ignored. However, it is known that the makam music productions of Ottoman times are also altered during the centuries, and this fact is parallel with sociocultural changes. While Turkish popular music industry of 20th century, such as arabesque, tavern, rock, metal or pop musical genres uses the makam structures in their products, the perception of these genres are differentiated to makam music in socio-cultural context. It is seen that these differences are determined by form, style, instrumentation and sound etc.. Thus, the determination of Turkish Makam Music and the notion of makam has anachronical interpretations in today’s perspectives. As a result, it can be said that the cultural meaning imputed to makam concept, shaped generally in a traditional way and because of the Ottoman time domination on Turkish music, popular Turkish music productions in 20th century are especially perceived as if they don’t have makam structure and features. The reason of this perception is cultural changes of society and consequently the changes of musical productions via the structural and audio-visual elements such as forms, lyrics, styles, sounds, instruments etc. However, even as these elements are changing, the structure of makam is using in Turkish popular music productions in progress. So, as a consequence of that it should be considered that the makam structure is not representing by these elements, but they have an impact on the cultural meanings of makam and this must be considered in fields which makam is used such as performance, education etc. Keywords: Turkish Makam Music, Social Change, Traditional, Popular
Male-Dominated Music Style of 1980's: Taverna Taverna's are historical places that people drinks ... more Male-Dominated Music Style of 1980's: Taverna Taverna's are historical places that people drinks and have fun with music in general. However the word 'taverna' identifi es also a music style and genre in Turkey, that become popular after 1980's, and it could be seen that the bands and musical performances in taverna's differs in time. While rebetiko orchestras and singers had performed music under the Greek identity before 1970's, by the reason of some cases the count of Greek taverna's began to be reduced. Eventually, taverna's are commenced to be operated by Turks, and their musical content was changed. Thus, taverna's lost their Greek identity and get Turkish one. Rebetiko bands gave their places to a Turkish male solo singer, who plays piano at fi rst and later an electronic keyboard with a synthesizer.
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (M.Sc.... more Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2006İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Türk Müziği Programı'nda yüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırlanan "İki Yazma Müzik Risalesinin İncelenmesi" adlı bu çalışmada, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi Kütüphanesi 92/3 ve Erzurum Atatürk Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi ASL 606 numarada kayıtlı bulunan Türk müziği teorisi ile ilgili iki yazma risale incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ana yapısı, Arap alfabesiyle yazılan metinlerin Latin alfabesine çevriyazımından ve bugünkü dile tercümesinden oluşmaktadır. Eserlerin yazarları ve yazıldıkları dönemler hakkında herhangi bir bilgi olmadığından dolayı, çalışmanın amacı öncelikle dönem tahmini yapmak olmuştur. Bu tahminlerde kullanılan başlıca metotlar, metinler arası karşılaştırmalar ve yüzyıllara göre filigran incelemeleridir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle metinl...
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In this context, Turkish Makam Music, which is significant for cultural life in Ottoman society and Republic times is shaped by various dynamics, continues to be about eight hundred years, but it has been changed by the changes in the cultural life of the society. It signifies the makam music productions that are shaped within the Ottoman-Turkish cultural features and it reached today by the changed socio-cultural structure of Turkish society.
Consequently, while the cultural characteristics such as form and style has been changing in times, the unchangeable thing has been the makam structure in Turkish Makam Music. Therefore while the theoretical meanings of makam are non-altered, the practical use of it is changeable rapidly after republican period, and especially after 1980s by technology and globalization. The rapid changes of traditional elements such as form, style, sound and instrumentation have been altered rapidly by the social interaction, and this change underlines the differences and similarities between popular and traditional. For that reason the makam productions especially in republican period is not seen as popular line of Turkish Makam Music and is ignored. However, it is known that the makam music productions of Ottoman times are also altered during the centuries, and this fact is parallel with sociocultural changes. While Turkish popular music industry of 20th century, such as arabesque, tavern, rock, metal or pop musical genres uses the makam structures in their products, the
perception of these genres are differentiated to makam music in socio-cultural context. It is seen that these differences are determined by form, style, instrumentation and sound etc.. Thus, the determination of Turkish Makam Music and the notion of makam has anachronical interpretations in today’s perspectives.
As a result, it can be said that the cultural meaning imputed to makam concept, shaped generally in a traditional way and because of the Ottoman time domination on Turkish music, popular Turkish music productions in 20th century are especially perceived as if they don’t have makam structure and features. The reason of this perception is cultural changes of society and consequently the changes of musical productions via the structural and audio-visual elements such as forms, lyrics, styles, sounds, instruments etc. However, even as these elements are changing, the structure of makam is using in Turkish popular music productions in progress. So, as a consequence of that it should be considered that the makam structure is not representing by these elements, but they have an impact on the
cultural meanings of makam and this must be considered in fields which makam is used such as performance, education etc.
Keywords: Turkish Makam Music, Social Change, Traditional, Popular
In this context, Turkish Makam Music, which is significant for cultural life in Ottoman society and Republic times is shaped by various dynamics, continues to be about eight hundred years, but it has been changed by the changes in the cultural life of the society. It signifies the makam music productions that are shaped within the Ottoman-Turkish cultural features and it reached today by the changed socio-cultural structure of Turkish society.
Consequently, while the cultural characteristics such as form and style has been changing in times, the unchangeable thing has been the makam structure in Turkish Makam Music. Therefore while the theoretical meanings of makam are non-altered, the practical use of it is changeable rapidly after republican period, and especially after 1980s by technology and globalization. The rapid changes of traditional elements such as form, style, sound and instrumentation have been altered rapidly by the social interaction, and this change underlines the differences and similarities between popular and traditional. For that reason the makam productions especially in republican period is not seen as popular line of Turkish Makam Music and is ignored. However, it is known that the makam music productions of Ottoman times are also altered during the centuries, and this fact is parallel with sociocultural changes. While Turkish popular music industry of 20th century, such as arabesque, tavern, rock, metal or pop musical genres uses the makam structures in their products, the
perception of these genres are differentiated to makam music in socio-cultural context. It is seen that these differences are determined by form, style, instrumentation and sound etc.. Thus, the determination of Turkish Makam Music and the notion of makam has anachronical interpretations in today’s perspectives.
As a result, it can be said that the cultural meaning imputed to makam concept, shaped generally in a traditional way and because of the Ottoman time domination on Turkish music, popular Turkish music productions in 20th century are especially perceived as if they don’t have makam structure and features. The reason of this perception is cultural changes of society and consequently the changes of musical productions via the structural and audio-visual elements such as forms, lyrics, styles, sounds, instruments etc. However, even as these elements are changing, the structure of makam is using in Turkish popular music productions in progress. So, as a consequence of that it should be considered that the makam structure is not representing by these elements, but they have an impact on the
cultural meanings of makam and this must be considered in fields which makam is used such as performance, education etc.
Keywords: Turkish Makam Music, Social Change, Traditional, Popular