Rickets ascribed to hypovitaminosis D remains a public health concern among Aboriginal children i... more Rickets ascribed to hypovitaminosis D remains a public health concern among Aboriginal children in Canada and the United States. Our primary objective in this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors (gender, age, vitamin D intake, and socioeconomic status) for low vitamin D status of Inuit preschoolers living in 16 Arctic communities (51N70N) and participating in the 2007–2008 Nunavut Child Inuit Health Survey. Children were selected randomly in summer (n = 282) and a follow-up was performed in winter for a subsample (n = 52). Dietary intake was assessed through the administration of a 24-h dietary recall and a FFQ. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight) were assessed. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D was measured using a chemiluminescent assay (Liaison, Diasorin). Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (,75 nmol/L) among preschoolers was 78.6% and 96.8% in summer and winter, respectively. Median vitamin D concentrations and interquartile ranges in summer and winter...
Line 35: either hyphenate or don’t hyphenate post-menopausal Changed to “postmenopausal” througho... more Line 35: either hyphenate or don’t hyphenate post-menopausal Changed to “postmenopausal” throughout the manuscript. Abstract Line 38: Need to define PUFA Defined, as requested (line 36-37).Line 38: Need to define PUFA Defined, as requested (line 36-37). Abstract Line 39: Delete: a marker of traditional food intake. It isn’t a marker of traditional food intake. You could say (which would be associated with a more traditional food pattern) This was rephrased: “which reflects a more traditional food pattern” (line 37).Line 39: Delete: a marker of traditional food intake. It isn’t a marker of traditional food intake. You could say (which would be associated with a more traditional food pattern) This was rephrased: “which reflects a more traditional food pattern” (line 37). Abstract Line 39: State in your methods that you are looking at food insecurity OR, is this what you are referring to as a correlate? Added: “food security status” (line 30)Line 39: State in your methods that you are ...
Bridging the Distance Conference Theme: Aboriginal Health (Metis, Inuit and First Nations) Dates:... more Bridging the Distance Conference Theme: Aboriginal Health (Metis, Inuit and First Nations) Dates: 27-29 October, 2005 Fatty Acid Composition of Fish and Commonly Consumed Food in a Cree Community in Northern Quebec Renata Rosol, Donna Leggee, Anita Trapper*, Grace Egeland Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE), Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9 and *Community Research Assistant Fish risk and benefit statements in communities suffering from a high prevalence of diabetes and its complications need to consider the broader view of dietary choices and cooking methods and their health implications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid content including trans fatty acids, of fish cooked in a variety of ways, and the most commonly consumed fast foods in the community. Fatty acid content of food items were examined by gas chromatography using a 100 m capillary column. The omeg...
Objectives. To evaluate the socio-economic correlates of overweight and obesity among Inuit under... more Objectives. To evaluate the socio-economic correlates of overweight and obesity among Inuit undergoing rapid cultural changes. Study design. A cross-sectional health survey of 2,592 Inuit adults from 36 communities in the Canadian Arctic. Methods. Main outcome measures were overweight and obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2, respectively) and as characteristics were similar, groups were combined into an at-risk BMI category (BMI>25 kg/m2). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between various sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity with overweight and obesity. Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28 and 36%, respectively, with a total prevalence of overweight and obesity of 64%. In analyses of sociodemographic variables adjusted for age, gender and region, higher education, any employment, personal income, and private housing were all significantly positively correlated with an at-risk BMI (p≤0.001). Smoking, Inuit languag...
Evidence of nutrition and epidemiologic transition in Inuit communities prompted a case study whe... more Evidence of nutrition and epidemiologic transition in Inuit communities prompted a case study where traditional knowledge and traditional food is used as a basis for a community health-promotion effort to help improve overall diet quality including healthy market food choices. The current Inuit diet in the Baffin community involves a mix of traditional and market food. Caribou was the most commonly consumed traditional food item. Overall, 41 percent of energy was obtained from traditional food among 62 percent of respondents reporting traditional food consumption within the past 24 hours in the community health screening. Simultaneously, 58 percent of adults reported consuming an average of two cans of carbonated beverages in the past day, amounting to 10 percent of energy intake. Furthermore, the percent of n-3 fatty acids in plasma as a marker of traditional food consumption was inversely related to the percent of transfat in plasma as a marker of unhealthy market food choices (Sp...
BackgroundThe prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a concern in Inuit... more BackgroundThe prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a concern in Inuit communities across Canada. Although Inuit living with diabetes in remote Canadian Arctic communities could help guide the development of health services, their voices have not been heard. The experiences and perceptions of Inuit themselves are often overlooked in research. In this study, Inuit living in a small rural Arctic community on Baffin Island were invited to share their experiences of living with diabetes.MethodsA qualitative multi-case study approach was taken. In-depth interviews (n=4), field observations, and informal interviews over one month in the community were used to build and contextualize the cases. In-depth interviews were transcribed, and analyzed using holistic thematic analysis and open coding.ResultsAccessibility was a concern with respect to foods, health knowledge, language interpretation and health services. In all methods of analysis, the importance of language and effective cross-cultural communication figured prominently. It was also evident that trust and rapport is crucial when discussing diabetes. There was strong interest in promoting diabetes education and prevention within the community.InterpretationThese findings suggest that current health education and services may not be adequate for this setting. The voices of Inuit should be integral in steering the direction of their future diabetes education and health service delivery. Focusing on language barriers may help to improve the accessibility of knowledge about diabetes and nutrition, and enhance relationships between non-Inuit health service providers and Inuit.RésuméContexteLa prévention et la prise en charge du diabète de type II deviennent préoccupantes dans les communautés inuites du Canada. Les Inuits diabétiques qui vivent dans les communautés éloignées de l’Arctique canadien pourraient contribuer à l’élaboration des services de santé qui leur sont destinés, mais leurs voix ne sont pas entendues. L’expérience et les perceptions des Inuits eux-mêmes sont souvent négligées par la recherche. Nous avons donc invité des Inuits vivant dans une petite communauté rurale arctique de l’île de Baffin à partager leur expérience du diabète.MéthodeNous avons effectué une étude qualitative de plusieurs cas. Des entretiens en profondeur (n=4), des observations sur le terrain et des entretiens informels se sont déroulés dans la communauté sur une période d’un mois afin d’étayer les cas et de les mettre en contexte. Les entretiens en profondeur ont été transcrits et analysés selon une méthode d’analyse thématique holistique et un mode de codage ouvert.RésultatsL’accessibilité aux aliments, aux connaissances sur la santé, à l’interprétation linguistique et aux services de santé est problématique. Quelle que soit la méthode d’analyse, l’importance de la langue et les communications transculturelles efficaces figurent au premier plan des préoccupations. Il est clair aussi que la confiance et le lien avec le patient sont des éléments cruciaux lorsqu’on discute du diabète. Les membres de la communauté se sont montrés très intéressés à promouvoir l’information et la prévention en matière de diabète.InterprétationIl semble que l’information et les services sanitaires actuels laissent à désirer dans le milieu à l’étude. Les voix des Inuits devraient être entendues lorsqu’on s’efforce de déterminer les orientations futures de l’information et de la prestation des soins du diabète. En s’attaquant aux barrières linguistiques, il serait possible d’améliorer l’accès aux connaissances sur le diabète et la nutrition et de bonifier les relations entre les Inuits et le personnel soignant non inuit.
Journal of the American Heart Association, Jan 13, 2018
The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has,... more The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has, primarily, been evaluated in studies lacking information on important covariates. This report evaluates the prospective associations between pregnancy-related risk factors (preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction) and pharmacologically treated hypertension within 10 years after pregnancy, while adjusting for a wide range of covariates. Prepregnancy normotensive women participating in the MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study) from January 2004 through July 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to identify women with pharmacologically treated hypertension beyond the postpartum period of 3 months. The burden of hypertension associated with pregnancy-related risk factors was evaluated using an attributable fraction method. A total of 1480 women developed phar...
Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway... more Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway, focusing on whether the observed trends during 2001-2009 continued throughout 2014. Methods All incident (first) acute myocardial infarctions in Norwegian residents age 25 years and older were identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway 1994-2014 project. We analysed overall and age group-specific (25-64 years, 65-84 years and 85 + years) trends by gender using Poisson regression analyses and report the average annual changes in rates with their 95% confidence intervals. Results During 2001-2014, 221,684 incident acute myocardial infarctions (59.4% men) were identified. Hospitalised cases accounted for 79.9% of all incident acute myocardial infarctions. Overall, incident acute myocardial infarction rates declined on average 2.6% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.974, 95% confidence interval 0.972-0.977) in men and 2.8% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval...
To evaluate whether family history of disease and pregravid lifestyle and cardiovascular risk fac... more To evaluate whether family history of disease and pregravid lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with subsequent stillbirth delivery. Prepregnancy cohort study. Cohort Norway regional health surveys (1994-2003) linked to Medical Birth Registry of Norway for deliveries through 2012. 13 497 singleton births (> 22 weeks gestation) in 8478 women. Risk of stillbirth evaluated by Poisson regression. Mean (SD) length of follow-up was 5.5 (3.5) years. In analyses adjusting for baseline age and length of follow-up, ≥3 hours of baseline past-year vigorous physical activity per week (resulting in shortness of breath/sweating) was associated with increased risk of stillbirth compared with <1 hour/week of vigorous activity (incidence rate ratio, IRR 2.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 4.90). In contrast, baseline past-year light physical activity of ≥3 hours per week associated with reduced risk of stillbirth compared with <3 hours of light physical activity per week (IRR 0.53; 95%...
Background: Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflic... more Background: Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflict.Objective: We evaluated the ability to predict hypertension within 10 y after delivery based on calcium intake during midpregnancy.Methods: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study of women delivering in 2004-2009 was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2013) to ascertain antihypertensive medication usage >90 d after delivery. Women with hypertension before pregnancy were excluded, leaving 60,027 mothers for analyses. Age and energy-adjusted cubic splines evaluated dose-response curves, and Cox proportional hazard analyses evaluated HR and 95% CIs by calcium quartiles adjusting for 7 covariates. Analyses were stratified by gestational hypertension and by sodium-to-potassium intake ratio (<0.76 compared with ≥0.76).Results: Participants had a mean ± SD age of 30.5 ± 4.6 y, a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 24.0 ± 4.3 before pregnancy, and a mean follow-up durati...
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017
The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provides national coverage of all births in Norway. In this ... more The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provides national coverage of all births in Norway. In this study trends of smoking at the beginning of pregnancy and the variation of these trends across different sociodemographic groups are analyzed. This knowledge is important for planning interventions both in the general population and specifically among pregnant women. All births registered in Medical Birth Registry of Norway 1999-2014 with information on mothers' smoking status were included in the overall analyses of the smoking trends (806 298). Records from 210 268 births in two time periods 1999-2000 and 2013-2014 were selected, and for the multivariate analyses we used general linear models to provide adjusted risk ratios. The prevalence of maternal smoking at the beginning of pregnancy decreased from 25% to 8% over the 15-year period. Mothers with low, medium, and high education, respectively, had a 46% (RR 0.54, CI 0.52-0.55), 62% (RR 0.38, CI 0.37-0.40), and 80% (RR 0.20, CI 0...
Inuit in Canada have experienced dietary changes over recent generations, but how this relates to... more Inuit in Canada have experienced dietary changes over recent generations, but how this relates to psychological distress has not been investigated. To evaluate how nutritional biomarkers are related to psychological distress. A total of 36 communities in northern Canada participated in the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007-2008). Of 2796 households, 1901 (68%) participated; 1699 Inuit adults gave blood samples for biomarker analysis and answered the Kessler 6-item psychological distress questionnaire (K6). Biomarkers included n-3 fatty acids and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The K6 screens for psychological distress over the last 30 days with six items scored on a 4-point scale. A total score of 13 or more indicates serious psychological distress (SPD). Logistic regression models were used to investigate any associations between SPD and biomarkers while controlling for age, gender, marital status, days spent out on the land, feeling of being alone, income and smoki...
Rickets ascribed to hypovitaminosis D remains a public health concern among Aboriginal children i... more Rickets ascribed to hypovitaminosis D remains a public health concern among Aboriginal children in Canada and the United States. Our primary objective in this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors (gender, age, vitamin D intake, and socioeconomic status) for low vitamin D status of Inuit preschoolers living in 16 Arctic communities (51N70N) and participating in the 2007–2008 Nunavut Child Inuit Health Survey. Children were selected randomly in summer (n = 282) and a follow-up was performed in winter for a subsample (n = 52). Dietary intake was assessed through the administration of a 24-h dietary recall and a FFQ. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight) were assessed. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D was measured using a chemiluminescent assay (Liaison, Diasorin). Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (,75 nmol/L) among preschoolers was 78.6% and 96.8% in summer and winter, respectively. Median vitamin D concentrations and interquartile ranges in summer and winter...
Line 35: either hyphenate or don’t hyphenate post-menopausal Changed to “postmenopausal” througho... more Line 35: either hyphenate or don’t hyphenate post-menopausal Changed to “postmenopausal” throughout the manuscript. Abstract Line 38: Need to define PUFA Defined, as requested (line 36-37).Line 38: Need to define PUFA Defined, as requested (line 36-37). Abstract Line 39: Delete: a marker of traditional food intake. It isn’t a marker of traditional food intake. You could say (which would be associated with a more traditional food pattern) This was rephrased: “which reflects a more traditional food pattern” (line 37).Line 39: Delete: a marker of traditional food intake. It isn’t a marker of traditional food intake. You could say (which would be associated with a more traditional food pattern) This was rephrased: “which reflects a more traditional food pattern” (line 37). Abstract Line 39: State in your methods that you are looking at food insecurity OR, is this what you are referring to as a correlate? Added: “food security status” (line 30)Line 39: State in your methods that you are ...
Bridging the Distance Conference Theme: Aboriginal Health (Metis, Inuit and First Nations) Dates:... more Bridging the Distance Conference Theme: Aboriginal Health (Metis, Inuit and First Nations) Dates: 27-29 October, 2005 Fatty Acid Composition of Fish and Commonly Consumed Food in a Cree Community in Northern Quebec Renata Rosol, Donna Leggee, Anita Trapper*, Grace Egeland Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE), Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9 and *Community Research Assistant Fish risk and benefit statements in communities suffering from a high prevalence of diabetes and its complications need to consider the broader view of dietary choices and cooking methods and their health implications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid content including trans fatty acids, of fish cooked in a variety of ways, and the most commonly consumed fast foods in the community. Fatty acid content of food items were examined by gas chromatography using a 100 m capillary column. The omeg...
Objectives. To evaluate the socio-economic correlates of overweight and obesity among Inuit under... more Objectives. To evaluate the socio-economic correlates of overweight and obesity among Inuit undergoing rapid cultural changes. Study design. A cross-sectional health survey of 2,592 Inuit adults from 36 communities in the Canadian Arctic. Methods. Main outcome measures were overweight and obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2, respectively) and as characteristics were similar, groups were combined into an at-risk BMI category (BMI>25 kg/m2). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between various sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity with overweight and obesity. Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28 and 36%, respectively, with a total prevalence of overweight and obesity of 64%. In analyses of sociodemographic variables adjusted for age, gender and region, higher education, any employment, personal income, and private housing were all significantly positively correlated with an at-risk BMI (p≤0.001). Smoking, Inuit languag...
Evidence of nutrition and epidemiologic transition in Inuit communities prompted a case study whe... more Evidence of nutrition and epidemiologic transition in Inuit communities prompted a case study where traditional knowledge and traditional food is used as a basis for a community health-promotion effort to help improve overall diet quality including healthy market food choices. The current Inuit diet in the Baffin community involves a mix of traditional and market food. Caribou was the most commonly consumed traditional food item. Overall, 41 percent of energy was obtained from traditional food among 62 percent of respondents reporting traditional food consumption within the past 24 hours in the community health screening. Simultaneously, 58 percent of adults reported consuming an average of two cans of carbonated beverages in the past day, amounting to 10 percent of energy intake. Furthermore, the percent of n-3 fatty acids in plasma as a marker of traditional food consumption was inversely related to the percent of transfat in plasma as a marker of unhealthy market food choices (Sp...
BackgroundThe prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a concern in Inuit... more BackgroundThe prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a concern in Inuit communities across Canada. Although Inuit living with diabetes in remote Canadian Arctic communities could help guide the development of health services, their voices have not been heard. The experiences and perceptions of Inuit themselves are often overlooked in research. In this study, Inuit living in a small rural Arctic community on Baffin Island were invited to share their experiences of living with diabetes.MethodsA qualitative multi-case study approach was taken. In-depth interviews (n=4), field observations, and informal interviews over one month in the community were used to build and contextualize the cases. In-depth interviews were transcribed, and analyzed using holistic thematic analysis and open coding.ResultsAccessibility was a concern with respect to foods, health knowledge, language interpretation and health services. In all methods of analysis, the importance of language and effective cross-cultural communication figured prominently. It was also evident that trust and rapport is crucial when discussing diabetes. There was strong interest in promoting diabetes education and prevention within the community.InterpretationThese findings suggest that current health education and services may not be adequate for this setting. The voices of Inuit should be integral in steering the direction of their future diabetes education and health service delivery. Focusing on language barriers may help to improve the accessibility of knowledge about diabetes and nutrition, and enhance relationships between non-Inuit health service providers and Inuit.RésuméContexteLa prévention et la prise en charge du diabète de type II deviennent préoccupantes dans les communautés inuites du Canada. Les Inuits diabétiques qui vivent dans les communautés éloignées de l’Arctique canadien pourraient contribuer à l’élaboration des services de santé qui leur sont destinés, mais leurs voix ne sont pas entendues. L’expérience et les perceptions des Inuits eux-mêmes sont souvent négligées par la recherche. Nous avons donc invité des Inuits vivant dans une petite communauté rurale arctique de l’île de Baffin à partager leur expérience du diabète.MéthodeNous avons effectué une étude qualitative de plusieurs cas. Des entretiens en profondeur (n=4), des observations sur le terrain et des entretiens informels se sont déroulés dans la communauté sur une période d’un mois afin d’étayer les cas et de les mettre en contexte. Les entretiens en profondeur ont été transcrits et analysés selon une méthode d’analyse thématique holistique et un mode de codage ouvert.RésultatsL’accessibilité aux aliments, aux connaissances sur la santé, à l’interprétation linguistique et aux services de santé est problématique. Quelle que soit la méthode d’analyse, l’importance de la langue et les communications transculturelles efficaces figurent au premier plan des préoccupations. Il est clair aussi que la confiance et le lien avec le patient sont des éléments cruciaux lorsqu’on discute du diabète. Les membres de la communauté se sont montrés très intéressés à promouvoir l’information et la prévention en matière de diabète.InterprétationIl semble que l’information et les services sanitaires actuels laissent à désirer dans le milieu à l’étude. Les voix des Inuits devraient être entendues lorsqu’on s’efforce de déterminer les orientations futures de l’information et de la prestation des soins du diabète. En s’attaquant aux barrières linguistiques, il serait possible d’améliorer l’accès aux connaissances sur le diabète et la nutrition et de bonifier les relations entre les Inuits et le personnel soignant non inuit.
Journal of the American Heart Association, Jan 13, 2018
The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has,... more The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has, primarily, been evaluated in studies lacking information on important covariates. This report evaluates the prospective associations between pregnancy-related risk factors (preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction) and pharmacologically treated hypertension within 10 years after pregnancy, while adjusting for a wide range of covariates. Prepregnancy normotensive women participating in the MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study) from January 2004 through July 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to identify women with pharmacologically treated hypertension beyond the postpartum period of 3 months. The burden of hypertension associated with pregnancy-related risk factors was evaluated using an attributable fraction method. A total of 1480 women developed phar...
Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway... more Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway, focusing on whether the observed trends during 2001-2009 continued throughout 2014. Methods All incident (first) acute myocardial infarctions in Norwegian residents age 25 years and older were identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway 1994-2014 project. We analysed overall and age group-specific (25-64 years, 65-84 years and 85 + years) trends by gender using Poisson regression analyses and report the average annual changes in rates with their 95% confidence intervals. Results During 2001-2014, 221,684 incident acute myocardial infarctions (59.4% men) were identified. Hospitalised cases accounted for 79.9% of all incident acute myocardial infarctions. Overall, incident acute myocardial infarction rates declined on average 2.6% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.974, 95% confidence interval 0.972-0.977) in men and 2.8% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval...
To evaluate whether family history of disease and pregravid lifestyle and cardiovascular risk fac... more To evaluate whether family history of disease and pregravid lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with subsequent stillbirth delivery. Prepregnancy cohort study. Cohort Norway regional health surveys (1994-2003) linked to Medical Birth Registry of Norway for deliveries through 2012. 13 497 singleton births (> 22 weeks gestation) in 8478 women. Risk of stillbirth evaluated by Poisson regression. Mean (SD) length of follow-up was 5.5 (3.5) years. In analyses adjusting for baseline age and length of follow-up, ≥3 hours of baseline past-year vigorous physical activity per week (resulting in shortness of breath/sweating) was associated with increased risk of stillbirth compared with <1 hour/week of vigorous activity (incidence rate ratio, IRR 2.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 4.90). In contrast, baseline past-year light physical activity of ≥3 hours per week associated with reduced risk of stillbirth compared with <3 hours of light physical activity per week (IRR 0.53; 95%...
Background: Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflic... more Background: Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflict.Objective: We evaluated the ability to predict hypertension within 10 y after delivery based on calcium intake during midpregnancy.Methods: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study of women delivering in 2004-2009 was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2013) to ascertain antihypertensive medication usage >90 d after delivery. Women with hypertension before pregnancy were excluded, leaving 60,027 mothers for analyses. Age and energy-adjusted cubic splines evaluated dose-response curves, and Cox proportional hazard analyses evaluated HR and 95% CIs by calcium quartiles adjusting for 7 covariates. Analyses were stratified by gestational hypertension and by sodium-to-potassium intake ratio (<0.76 compared with ≥0.76).Results: Participants had a mean ± SD age of 30.5 ± 4.6 y, a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 24.0 ± 4.3 before pregnancy, and a mean follow-up durati...
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017
The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provides national coverage of all births in Norway. In this ... more The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provides national coverage of all births in Norway. In this study trends of smoking at the beginning of pregnancy and the variation of these trends across different sociodemographic groups are analyzed. This knowledge is important for planning interventions both in the general population and specifically among pregnant women. All births registered in Medical Birth Registry of Norway 1999-2014 with information on mothers' smoking status were included in the overall analyses of the smoking trends (806 298). Records from 210 268 births in two time periods 1999-2000 and 2013-2014 were selected, and for the multivariate analyses we used general linear models to provide adjusted risk ratios. The prevalence of maternal smoking at the beginning of pregnancy decreased from 25% to 8% over the 15-year period. Mothers with low, medium, and high education, respectively, had a 46% (RR 0.54, CI 0.52-0.55), 62% (RR 0.38, CI 0.37-0.40), and 80% (RR 0.20, CI 0...
Inuit in Canada have experienced dietary changes over recent generations, but how this relates to... more Inuit in Canada have experienced dietary changes over recent generations, but how this relates to psychological distress has not been investigated. To evaluate how nutritional biomarkers are related to psychological distress. A total of 36 communities in northern Canada participated in the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007-2008). Of 2796 households, 1901 (68%) participated; 1699 Inuit adults gave blood samples for biomarker analysis and answered the Kessler 6-item psychological distress questionnaire (K6). Biomarkers included n-3 fatty acids and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The K6 screens for psychological distress over the last 30 days with six items scored on a 4-point scale. A total score of 13 or more indicates serious psychological distress (SPD). Logistic regression models were used to investigate any associations between SPD and biomarkers while controlling for age, gender, marital status, days spent out on the land, feeling of being alone, income and smoki...
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