Skočit na navigaci. Masarykova univerzita. Informační systém Masarykovy univerzity. Archiv závěre... more Skočit na navigaci. Masarykova univerzita. Informační systém Masarykovy univerzity. Archiv závěrečné práce Vít Šimral FSS N-PL PL. IS MU. česky | in English. UPOZORNĚNÍ: Nemáte zapnutý JavaScript. Správce souborů je bez funkčního JavaScriptu použitelný jen částečně. ...
This chapter offers an insight into the development of access to lobbying activities and its regu... more This chapter offers an insight into the development of access to lobbying activities and its regulation in the context of the democratization process after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. Difficulties accompanying a resurgence of civil society in the region are linked with historical background. After a brief presentation of the development and current state of lobbying regulation in these countries, attention is focused on the Visegrad Four countries, extended to Slovenia and Austria. A detailed evaluation of transparency in lobbying at the level of specific measures according to the catalogue of transparent lobbying is provided. Consequently, these measures are evaluated by cost-benefit analysis based on Center for Public Integrity Index and Cost Indicator Index.
Krajske volby 2012 neznamenaly takove politicke „zemětřeseni“ jako volby v roce 2008. Až na výjim... more Krajske volby 2012 neznamenaly takove politicke „zemětřeseni“ jako volby v roce 2008. Až na výjimky obhajily sve postaveni v krajských exekutivach strany, jež v nich byly zastoupeny v předchozim volebnim obdobi. Přesto byly tyto volby v několika ohledech zajimave. Předně pro ODS – s výjimkou Plzeňskeho a castecně Středoceskeho kraje zaznamenala tato strana kdysi nepředstavitelne výsledky oscilujici kolem deseti procent, tedy kolem podpory, kterou mivala KDU-CSL. ODS ziskala meně než deset procent hlasů teměř v polovině krajů (v sesti), ve ctyřech dalsich ji od desetiprocentni hranice dělilo jen několik hlasů. Když v Jihomoravskem kraji dosahla v roce 2008 necelých sestnacti procent, spatný výsledek vysvětlovala nepopularitou mistnich lidrů. V roce 2012 by to byl jeji třeti největsi uspěch. Do politicke „hry“ po castecnem utlumu v roce 2008 s novou silou promluvila uskupeni s tzv. nezavislou ci regionalni identitou. V Libereckem kraji dokonce nejenže jedno takove obsadilo post hejtmana, ale v koalici s dalsim disponuji nadpolovicni větsinou hlasů. CSSD zaznamenala ubytek hlasů, a to jak v porovnani s volbami 2008, tak s parlamentnimi 2010. Nebyl vsak takový, aby ji připravil o pozici nejvlivnějsi sily krajske samospravy. Vedle nezavislých uskupeni byla největsim vitězem voleb (tedy co se týce pozitivni změny volebnich výsledků i nasledneho vlivu v exekutivě) KSCM, ktera tak po osmi letech mezivolebně zaznamenala narůst podpory v některe volebni soutěži. KDU-CSL voleb využila, aby si otestovala svoji pozici na politicke sceně, ktera byla zpochybněna jejim odchodem ze Sněmovny v roce 2010.
This chapter offers a deeper theoretical analysis of rational-choice principles, interests, subje... more This chapter offers a deeper theoretical analysis of rational-choice principles, interests, subjects, and methods of mediating interests including the position of interest groups in democratic political systems. A stakeholder-centered model is presented based on a simple scheme of interest groups, decision-makers, business, and the public. Three hypothetical situations are modeled: a world with no lobbying, with non-transparent lobbying, and with transparent lobbying. The role of information symmetry is discussed. It is argued that non-transparent lobbying can lead to government failures as it can lead to illegal practices of influence and corruption, with their economic implications. The failures are often corrected by some form of regulation but any regulation should always be discussed with regard to efficiency and the optimum of its outcome.
This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accou... more This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accountability as the key part of democracy is juxtaposed with other key notions of the democratic theory—participation, government, and governance. Then, specific models of democracy are briefly reviewed and compared, namely deliberate, participatory, and procedural democracy. The relationship of lobbying to these models is discussed. Finally, the two models, old and new, of government and governance, respectively, are presented together with the problem of a definition of lobbying.
PhDr. Vít Šimral, LL.B. (Hons) Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters: The Modernity Cl... more PhDr. Vít Šimral, LL.B. (Hons) Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters: The Modernity Cleavage Abstract The thesis presents an extension of the Lipset - Rokkan model of cleavage-based party politics. It employs concepts of civilisational analysis, particularly the concept of multiple modernities as devised by Shmuel Eisenstadt, to describe the emergence of anti-Western fundamental movements in Russia and Egypt at the start of the 20th century. The introductory chapter discusses the existing literature and recent trends in mainstream studies of party politics, noting particularly the divergence between research into Western and non-Western political parties. The second chapter focuses on the Rokkanian branch of party studies and the use of the cleavage concept outside the political region of Western Europe. In the third chapter, the concept of 'modernity cleavage' is presented, based on theoretical assumptions common both to the Rokkanian agenda and to civilisational analysis. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with the empirical analysis of two cases, the Russian Communists and Egyptian Muslim Brothers, respectively, with the goal to extract findings from presented historical data through a basic-level comparative and ground-theoretical approach. In the final chapter, the thesis is concluded with a..
This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about political finance around the world. Th... more This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about political finance around the world. The focus lies on the relation between political finance regulations and its relation to the anti-corruption fight. First, a short overview of theories of party finance and the development of the research field is given. Second, the current state of regulations around the world is summarized. The summary is juxtaposed with the assessment of international organizations that monitor political funding. Third, the chapter examines various practical approaches towards political funding in selected regions. Main characteristics of these approaches and their specific aspects are highlighted. Finally, the issues of transparency and robustness of political competition are tackled, and their value as practical goals within the framework of the anti-corruption agenda is considered.
Představovana prace je přispěvkem k socialněvědni diskusi o politickem financovani v Ceske republ... more Představovana prace je přispěvkem k socialněvědni diskusi o politickem financovani v Ceske republice i v zahranici. Přestože se primarně zaměřuje na ceský připad, jsou v ni reflektovana i data z jiných evropských a neevropských zemich, stejně jako teorie a metodologie akademických praci, ktere se Cesku nevěnovaly. Celý text je koncipovan, za prve, jako detailni deskripce ceskeho režimu stranickeho financovani, jeho pravniho ramce a kvantitativnich dat cerpaných z rozpoctů akterů ceskeho stranickeho systemu, a za druhe, jako navrh explanatorniho modelu, použitelneho jako pro sledovani politicko-ekonomických procesů v jedne case study, tak pro srovnavaci studii.
This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accou... more This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accountability as the key part of democracy is juxtaposed with other key notions of the democratic theory—participation, government, and governance. Then, specific models of democracy are briefly reviewed and compared, namely deliberate, participatory, and procedural democracy. The relationship of lobbying to these models is discussed. Finally, the two models, old and new, of government and governance, respectively, are presented together with the problem of a definition of lobbying.
This paper addresses the question of the major challenges for the regulation of lobbying in the E... more This paper addresses the question of the major challenges for the regulation of lobbying in the European Economic Area countries. It attempts to disentangle this complex question by focusing, step by step, on three specific issues. First, the problem of the definition of lobbying, or the lack of one, is considered. The paper argues that even though European countries started to regulate lobbying already two decades ago, they have still not managed to arrive at a useful definition of the field and activity of lobbying itself, which considerably hinders their pro-transparency regulatory efforts. Second, the paper looks at other anti-corruption legislation in Europe and its links with lobbying rules. The evidence is inconclusive as to whether the level of corruption is significantly affected by the presence or lack of lobbying regulation. Finally, the paper shows that there is a noticeable weakness in the existing lobbying regulations in European countries in terms of enforcement. With...
Skočit na navigaci. Masarykova univerzita. Informační systém Masarykovy univerzity. Archiv závěre... more Skočit na navigaci. Masarykova univerzita. Informační systém Masarykovy univerzity. Archiv závěrečné práce Vít Šimral FSS N-PL PL. IS MU. česky | in English. UPOZORNĚNÍ: Nemáte zapnutý JavaScript. Správce souborů je bez funkčního JavaScriptu použitelný jen částečně. ...
This chapter offers an insight into the development of access to lobbying activities and its regu... more This chapter offers an insight into the development of access to lobbying activities and its regulation in the context of the democratization process after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. Difficulties accompanying a resurgence of civil society in the region are linked with historical background. After a brief presentation of the development and current state of lobbying regulation in these countries, attention is focused on the Visegrad Four countries, extended to Slovenia and Austria. A detailed evaluation of transparency in lobbying at the level of specific measures according to the catalogue of transparent lobbying is provided. Consequently, these measures are evaluated by cost-benefit analysis based on Center for Public Integrity Index and Cost Indicator Index.
Krajske volby 2012 neznamenaly takove politicke „zemětřeseni“ jako volby v roce 2008. Až na výjim... more Krajske volby 2012 neznamenaly takove politicke „zemětřeseni“ jako volby v roce 2008. Až na výjimky obhajily sve postaveni v krajských exekutivach strany, jež v nich byly zastoupeny v předchozim volebnim obdobi. Přesto byly tyto volby v několika ohledech zajimave. Předně pro ODS – s výjimkou Plzeňskeho a castecně Středoceskeho kraje zaznamenala tato strana kdysi nepředstavitelne výsledky oscilujici kolem deseti procent, tedy kolem podpory, kterou mivala KDU-CSL. ODS ziskala meně než deset procent hlasů teměř v polovině krajů (v sesti), ve ctyřech dalsich ji od desetiprocentni hranice dělilo jen několik hlasů. Když v Jihomoravskem kraji dosahla v roce 2008 necelých sestnacti procent, spatný výsledek vysvětlovala nepopularitou mistnich lidrů. V roce 2012 by to byl jeji třeti největsi uspěch. Do politicke „hry“ po castecnem utlumu v roce 2008 s novou silou promluvila uskupeni s tzv. nezavislou ci regionalni identitou. V Libereckem kraji dokonce nejenže jedno takove obsadilo post hejtmana, ale v koalici s dalsim disponuji nadpolovicni větsinou hlasů. CSSD zaznamenala ubytek hlasů, a to jak v porovnani s volbami 2008, tak s parlamentnimi 2010. Nebyl vsak takový, aby ji připravil o pozici nejvlivnějsi sily krajske samospravy. Vedle nezavislých uskupeni byla největsim vitězem voleb (tedy co se týce pozitivni změny volebnich výsledků i nasledneho vlivu v exekutivě) KSCM, ktera tak po osmi letech mezivolebně zaznamenala narůst podpory v některe volebni soutěži. KDU-CSL voleb využila, aby si otestovala svoji pozici na politicke sceně, ktera byla zpochybněna jejim odchodem ze Sněmovny v roce 2010.
This chapter offers a deeper theoretical analysis of rational-choice principles, interests, subje... more This chapter offers a deeper theoretical analysis of rational-choice principles, interests, subjects, and methods of mediating interests including the position of interest groups in democratic political systems. A stakeholder-centered model is presented based on a simple scheme of interest groups, decision-makers, business, and the public. Three hypothetical situations are modeled: a world with no lobbying, with non-transparent lobbying, and with transparent lobbying. The role of information symmetry is discussed. It is argued that non-transparent lobbying can lead to government failures as it can lead to illegal practices of influence and corruption, with their economic implications. The failures are often corrected by some form of regulation but any regulation should always be discussed with regard to efficiency and the optimum of its outcome.
This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accou... more This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accountability as the key part of democracy is juxtaposed with other key notions of the democratic theory—participation, government, and governance. Then, specific models of democracy are briefly reviewed and compared, namely deliberate, participatory, and procedural democracy. The relationship of lobbying to these models is discussed. Finally, the two models, old and new, of government and governance, respectively, are presented together with the problem of a definition of lobbying.
PhDr. Vít Šimral, LL.B. (Hons) Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters: The Modernity Cl... more PhDr. Vít Šimral, LL.B. (Hons) Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters: The Modernity Cleavage Abstract The thesis presents an extension of the Lipset - Rokkan model of cleavage-based party politics. It employs concepts of civilisational analysis, particularly the concept of multiple modernities as devised by Shmuel Eisenstadt, to describe the emergence of anti-Western fundamental movements in Russia and Egypt at the start of the 20th century. The introductory chapter discusses the existing literature and recent trends in mainstream studies of party politics, noting particularly the divergence between research into Western and non-Western political parties. The second chapter focuses on the Rokkanian branch of party studies and the use of the cleavage concept outside the political region of Western Europe. In the third chapter, the concept of 'modernity cleavage' is presented, based on theoretical assumptions common both to the Rokkanian agenda and to civilisational analysis. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with the empirical analysis of two cases, the Russian Communists and Egyptian Muslim Brothers, respectively, with the goal to extract findings from presented historical data through a basic-level comparative and ground-theoretical approach. In the final chapter, the thesis is concluded with a..
This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about political finance around the world. Th... more This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about political finance around the world. The focus lies on the relation between political finance regulations and its relation to the anti-corruption fight. First, a short overview of theories of party finance and the development of the research field is given. Second, the current state of regulations around the world is summarized. The summary is juxtaposed with the assessment of international organizations that monitor political funding. Third, the chapter examines various practical approaches towards political funding in selected regions. Main characteristics of these approaches and their specific aspects are highlighted. Finally, the issues of transparency and robustness of political competition are tackled, and their value as practical goals within the framework of the anti-corruption agenda is considered.
Představovana prace je přispěvkem k socialněvědni diskusi o politickem financovani v Ceske republ... more Představovana prace je přispěvkem k socialněvědni diskusi o politickem financovani v Ceske republice i v zahranici. Přestože se primarně zaměřuje na ceský připad, jsou v ni reflektovana i data z jiných evropských a neevropských zemich, stejně jako teorie a metodologie akademických praci, ktere se Cesku nevěnovaly. Celý text je koncipovan, za prve, jako detailni deskripce ceskeho režimu stranickeho financovani, jeho pravniho ramce a kvantitativnich dat cerpaných z rozpoctů akterů ceskeho stranickeho systemu, a za druhe, jako navrh explanatorniho modelu, použitelneho jako pro sledovani politicko-ekonomických procesů v jedne case study, tak pro srovnavaci studii.
This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accou... more This chapter discusses the relevance of lobbying for modern democracy. First, the notion of accountability as the key part of democracy is juxtaposed with other key notions of the democratic theory—participation, government, and governance. Then, specific models of democracy are briefly reviewed and compared, namely deliberate, participatory, and procedural democracy. The relationship of lobbying to these models is discussed. Finally, the two models, old and new, of government and governance, respectively, are presented together with the problem of a definition of lobbying.
This paper addresses the question of the major challenges for the regulation of lobbying in the E... more This paper addresses the question of the major challenges for the regulation of lobbying in the European Economic Area countries. It attempts to disentangle this complex question by focusing, step by step, on three specific issues. First, the problem of the definition of lobbying, or the lack of one, is considered. The paper argues that even though European countries started to regulate lobbying already two decades ago, they have still not managed to arrive at a useful definition of the field and activity of lobbying itself, which considerably hinders their pro-transparency regulatory efforts. Second, the paper looks at other anti-corruption legislation in Europe and its links with lobbying rules. The evidence is inconclusive as to whether the level of corruption is significantly affected by the presence or lack of lobbying regulation. Finally, the paper shows that there is a noticeable weakness in the existing lobbying regulations in European countries in terms of enforcement. With...
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