The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become recognized as a valuable model for the study of developmen... more The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become recognized as a valuable model for the study of development, genetics, and toxicology. Recently, the zebrafish has been recognized as a useful model for infectious disease and immunity. In this study, the pathogenesis and antiviral immune response of zebrafish to experimental snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) infection was characterized. Zebrafish 24 h postfertilization to 30 days postfertilization were susceptible to infection by immersion in 106 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of SHRV/ml, and adult zebrafish were susceptible to infection by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 105 TCID50 of SHRV/ml. Mortalities exceeded 40% in infected fish, and clinical presentation of infection included petechial hemorrhaging, redness of the abdomen, and erratic swim behavior. Virus reisolation and reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the viral nucleocapsid gene confirmed the presence of SHRV. Histological sections of moribund embryonic and juvenile ...
Osteoclasts are macrophage-related bone resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. Factors that reg... more Osteoclasts are macrophage-related bone resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. Factors that regulate osteoclastogenesis are of great interest for investigating the pathology and treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In mammals, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl) is a regulator of osteoclast formation and activation: its misexpression causes osteoclast stimulation and osteoporotic bone loss. Here, we report an osteoporotic phenotype that is induced by overexpression of Rankl in the medaka model. We generated transgenic medaka lines that express GFP under control of the cathepsin K promoter in osteoclasts starting at 12 days post-fertilization (dpf), or Rankl together with CFP under control of a bi-directional heat-shock promoter. Using long-term confocal time-lapse imaging of double and triple transgenic larvae, we monitored in vivo formation and activation of osteoclasts, as well as their interaction with osteoblasts. Upon Rankl induction, GFP-positive osteoclas...
Successful intensive aquaculture demands rapid and efficient production of high value aquatic ani... more Successful intensive aquaculture demands rapid and efficient production of high value aquatic animals, such as salmonid. Environmental factors such as temperature, oxygen and light regime are adjusted to facilitate fast growth [1,2]. Yet, fast growth is frequently associated with skeletal deformities [3] and for example in the axial skeleton it seems a severe and recurrent problem. Most knowledge about pathology and etiology of deformities in the genus Oncorhynchus is derived from Rainbow trout (O. mykiss) but is largely missing for Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). To investigate the influence of growth rate on vertebral column deformities in juvenile Chinook salmon we conducted a strictly controlled incubation temperature experiment. Here we focus on the specimens incubated in the 8 and 12°C constant temperature groups. Alizarin red was used to visualize the vertebral column. Overall average water temperatures were (± SD) of 7.800 ±0.644°C and 12.129 ±0.259°C, for the 8 and 12°C gr...
The iconic phenotype of seadragons includes leaf-like appendages, a toothless tubular mouth, and ... more The iconic phenotype of seadragons includes leaf-like appendages, a toothless tubular mouth, and male pregnancy involving incubation of fertilized eggs on an open “brood patch.” We de novo–sequenced male and female genomes of the common seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) and its closely related species, the alligator pipefish (Syngnathoides biaculeatus). Transcription profiles from an evolutionary novelty, the leaf-like appendages, show that a set of genes typically involved in fin development have been co-opted as well as an enrichment of transcripts for potential tissue repair and immune defense genes. The zebrafish mutants for scpp5, which is lost in all syngnathids, were found to lack or have deformed pharyngeal teeth, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of scpp5 has contributed to the loss of teeth in syngnathids. A putative sex–determining locus encoding a male-specific amhr2y gene shared by common seadragon and alligator pipefish was identified.
To explain the evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes, it has been proposed that ... more To explain the evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes, it has been proposed that competent epithelium spread into the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and other possible channels such as the gill slits [Huysseune et al., 2009,J. Anat.214, 465–476]. Whether tooth formation deep inside the pharynx in extant vertebrates continues to require external epithelia has not been addressed so far. Using zebrafish we have previously demonstrated that cells derived from the periderm penetrate the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and via the endodermal pouches and connect to periderm-like cells that subsequently cover the entire endoderm-derived pharyngeal epithelium [Rosa et al., 2019,Sci. Rep.9, 10082]. We now provide conclusive evidence that the epithelial component of pharyngeal teeth in zebrafish (the enamel organ) is derived from medial endoderm, as hitherto assumed based on position deep in the pharynx. Yet, dental morphogenesis starts only after the corresponding endod...
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become recognized as a valuable model for the study of developmen... more The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become recognized as a valuable model for the study of development, genetics, and toxicology. Recently, the zebrafish has been recognized as a useful model for infectious disease and immunity. In this study, the pathogenesis and antiviral immune response of zebrafish to experimental snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) infection was characterized. Zebrafish 24 h postfertilization to 30 days postfertilization were susceptible to infection by immersion in 106 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of SHRV/ml, and adult zebrafish were susceptible to infection by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 105 TCID50 of SHRV/ml. Mortalities exceeded 40% in infected fish, and clinical presentation of infection included petechial hemorrhaging, redness of the abdomen, and erratic swim behavior. Virus reisolation and reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the viral nucleocapsid gene confirmed the presence of SHRV. Histological sections of moribund embryonic and juvenile ...
Osteoclasts are macrophage-related bone resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. Factors that reg... more Osteoclasts are macrophage-related bone resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. Factors that regulate osteoclastogenesis are of great interest for investigating the pathology and treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In mammals, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl) is a regulator of osteoclast formation and activation: its misexpression causes osteoclast stimulation and osteoporotic bone loss. Here, we report an osteoporotic phenotype that is induced by overexpression of Rankl in the medaka model. We generated transgenic medaka lines that express GFP under control of the cathepsin K promoter in osteoclasts starting at 12 days post-fertilization (dpf), or Rankl together with CFP under control of a bi-directional heat-shock promoter. Using long-term confocal time-lapse imaging of double and triple transgenic larvae, we monitored in vivo formation and activation of osteoclasts, as well as their interaction with osteoblasts. Upon Rankl induction, GFP-positive osteoclas...
Successful intensive aquaculture demands rapid and efficient production of high value aquatic ani... more Successful intensive aquaculture demands rapid and efficient production of high value aquatic animals, such as salmonid. Environmental factors such as temperature, oxygen and light regime are adjusted to facilitate fast growth [1,2]. Yet, fast growth is frequently associated with skeletal deformities [3] and for example in the axial skeleton it seems a severe and recurrent problem. Most knowledge about pathology and etiology of deformities in the genus Oncorhynchus is derived from Rainbow trout (O. mykiss) but is largely missing for Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). To investigate the influence of growth rate on vertebral column deformities in juvenile Chinook salmon we conducted a strictly controlled incubation temperature experiment. Here we focus on the specimens incubated in the 8 and 12°C constant temperature groups. Alizarin red was used to visualize the vertebral column. Overall average water temperatures were (± SD) of 7.800 ±0.644°C and 12.129 ±0.259°C, for the 8 and 12°C gr...
The iconic phenotype of seadragons includes leaf-like appendages, a toothless tubular mouth, and ... more The iconic phenotype of seadragons includes leaf-like appendages, a toothless tubular mouth, and male pregnancy involving incubation of fertilized eggs on an open “brood patch.” We de novo–sequenced male and female genomes of the common seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) and its closely related species, the alligator pipefish (Syngnathoides biaculeatus). Transcription profiles from an evolutionary novelty, the leaf-like appendages, show that a set of genes typically involved in fin development have been co-opted as well as an enrichment of transcripts for potential tissue repair and immune defense genes. The zebrafish mutants for scpp5, which is lost in all syngnathids, were found to lack or have deformed pharyngeal teeth, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of scpp5 has contributed to the loss of teeth in syngnathids. A putative sex–determining locus encoding a male-specific amhr2y gene shared by common seadragon and alligator pipefish was identified.
To explain the evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes, it has been proposed that ... more To explain the evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes, it has been proposed that competent epithelium spread into the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and other possible channels such as the gill slits [Huysseune et al., 2009,J. Anat.214, 465–476]. Whether tooth formation deep inside the pharynx in extant vertebrates continues to require external epithelia has not been addressed so far. Using zebrafish we have previously demonstrated that cells derived from the periderm penetrate the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and via the endodermal pouches and connect to periderm-like cells that subsequently cover the entire endoderm-derived pharyngeal epithelium [Rosa et al., 2019,Sci. Rep.9, 10082]. We now provide conclusive evidence that the epithelial component of pharyngeal teeth in zebrafish (the enamel organ) is derived from medial endoderm, as hitherto assumed based on position deep in the pharynx. Yet, dental morphogenesis starts only after the corresponding endod...
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton London New York, 2022
NOW THERE IS A BOOK ABOUT THE NOTOCHORD
The Notochord: Development, Evolution and contributions ... more NOW THERE IS A BOOK ABOUT THE NOTOCHORD
The Notochord: Development, Evolution and contributions to the vertebral column P. Eckhard Witten & Brian K. Hall CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton London New York May 2022: 266pp, 53 illustrations
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The Notochord: Development, Evolution and contributions to the vertebral column
P. Eckhard Witten & Brian K. Hall
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton London New York
May 2022: 266pp, 53 illustrations
www.routledge.com/9781498787918
20% Discount Available - enter the code FLA22 at checkout
Hb: 978-1-498-78791-8 | $104.00 | £79.99
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