Papers by Alex Van den Bossche
2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 2009
Over the past decade, Power Quality (PQ) issues became increasingly important. The most cited PQ ... more Over the past decade, Power Quality (PQ) issues became increasingly important. The most cited PQ problems are voltage dips, harmonic distortion and transient phenomena. The tarification method which is mostly used, tarifies the instantaneous active power. When absorbing harmonic power, e.g. when using an active filter, the customer has to pay for this. To overcome this, a tarification method is proposed. The FUndamental Tarification (FUT) method which is proposed tarifies a power which is based on the fundamental component of the grid voltage. An exaggerated effect can be implemented such that the customer is remunerated for increasing the Power Quality by absorbing harmonic power.
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As the price of rare earth magnets increases, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with sma... more As the price of rare earth magnets increases, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with small amount of magnets become interesting, on condition that their efficiency and power density remains high. In electric vehicles, a wheel drive with a reduction needs less magnetic material than a direct drive configuration. Therefore, we design a light high speed PMSM with outer rotor. We investigate the impact of the magnetic material and the amount of magnets on the torque and efficiency. The machine has 80 mm outer diameter, 12 concentrated stator windings, 2 kW power and 4500 rpm nominal speed. The number of poles Np is optimized. An analytical reluctance network model is made [1], and the copper and iron losses are computed. The iron losses are computed based on the loss separation theory. The coefficients in the loss equation are fitted by using Epstein frame measurements on the different materials. The analytical model computes the efficiency for a wide range of operating points,...
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2018 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), 2018
This paper presents the concept of a cell balancing method for Lithium Ion (Li-ion) batteries for... more This paper presents the concept of a cell balancing method for Lithium Ion (Li-ion) batteries for Electrical Vehicles (EV), based on Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter (RSCC) balancing technique. It equalizes eight number of cells in a series. In Li-ion batteries, voltage differences always exist between cells due to charging and discharging process, therefore a battery management system (BMS) is required to ensure that all cells are equally charged or discharged and it also increases the life cycle of the battery. An equalizing method is essential to achieve the best performance. A number of cell balancing method have been presented. Among them, Switched Capacitor Converter (SCC) is more effective compared to other methods because it can be implemented easily. Low volume, low cost, high power density are its features. However, low balancing speed is an important problem of the SCC. In this paper, a resonant switching capacitor is proposed to reduce the balancing time and reduce ...
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, 2015
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The integrated design of the drivetrain of a single person ultra light electric vehicle powered b... more The integrated design of the drivetrain of a single person ultra light electric vehicle powered by batteries is optimized towards high efficiency and low mass. The drivetrain of each front wheel consists of an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a gearbox and the power electronics with converter and control print. The complete drivetrain is optimized for the New European Driving Cycle and the Federal Test Procedure. For the optimization of the complete drivetrain analytical models are used to calculate the losses and the efficiency. The analytical models are fast, and useful for designing a good PMSM in combination with a gearbox. The optimization of the drivetrain over the driving cycles makes it possible to choose the optimal combination of motor and gearbox for different gear ratios in order to have high efficiency and low weight. Comparing a single-stage gearbox with a twostage gearbox, a single-stage gearbox has a higher efficiency, but also a higher weight t...
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The aim of this paper is to propose a power control method for Wind Energy Conversion System (WEC... more The aim of this paper is to propose a power control method for Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) using Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This control strategy, based on stator flux orientation, tracks the maximum power for different wind speeds and regulates separately the active and reactive powers exchanged between the generator and the grid. The control algorithm uses Sliding Mode Control technique (SMC). The suitability of the proposed control strategy is proved in terms of efficiency maximization by including external disturbances (grid fault condition) with respect to bounded parameter variations affecting the electrical system. The estimation of the speed is based on Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) method. Some results of simulation are presented, discussed to prove efficiency and robustness of the DFIG control policy for WECS against external and internal perturbations with MPPT responses.
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Tese de mestr.. Computer and Electrical Engineering. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Por... more Tese de mestr.. Computer and Electrical Engineering. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 1992
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Electrical Engineering, 2021
Modular-multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered a useful technology in high-voltage direct cu... more Modular-multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered a useful technology in high-voltage direct current (hvdc) transmission systems. Since it offers many advantages like modular configuration with scalable output voltage. Voltage ripples on sub-module (SM) capacitors in MMC and circulating currents are two major challenges, which can affect the converter stability and performance. Conventionally, direct modulation method is used to insert or bypass SMs in MMC producing circulating current and SMs capacitor voltage oscillations. The closed loop and open loop control methods are used to overcome drawbacks in direct modulation method. However, these methods rely on the accurate measurements and estimation of SM capacitor voltages. A flat bottom current method is proposed in this paper to minimize the amplitude of ripple voltages on SM capacitors in MMC-based HVDC systems. Limited capacitor energy changes leading to reduce capacitor voltage ripples are observed by the proposed methodolog...
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In this paper, an active cell equalization technique based on Ćuk converter balancing for lithium... more In this paper, an active cell equalization technique based on Ćuk converter balancing for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries is investigated. The circuit equalizes eight cells, which are connected in series in a battery pack. In Electrical Vehicles (EV), batteries act an important role, due to the fact that the most expense in EV is the cost of the batteries. In a battery pack, voltage differences always exist due to charging and discharging process, Therefore, a balancing circuit required to ensure that all cells are in the same voltage level. There are many balancing methods, among them Ćuk converter balancing has fast balancing time. The conventional Ćuk type uses (2n-1) switches while this proposed circuit requires (n) switches, thus the number of switches is reduced and provides less losses. The simulation results are accomplished to perform the viability of the system.
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Hybrid Electric Vehicles are gaining popularity both in civil and military applications due to th... more Hybrid Electric Vehicles are gaining popularity both in civil and military applications due to their promising advantages in achieving better fuel economy and reduced pollutant emissions when compared to the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. However, the advantages gained in vehicle electrification do have different significance and requirement in the Army than the commercial ones. In this paper, the payoffs of range extended electric vehicles are discussed. The fuel economy, silent watch, silent mobility, gradeability and thermal signature of vehicles are highly dependent on the load carried, role, duty cycle and the proper sizing of the drive-train components. This paper, therefore, is also intended to address sizing of the drive components and energy requirements of a lightweight and efficient range extender for electric vehicles.
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The reason to look at new trends in PV converters is that, in the total cost of ownership the con... more The reason to look at new trends in PV converters is that, in the total cost of ownership the converter is more expensive than the PV panel. Another trend is that one uses them without transformer to increase efficiency, but one has to take into account safety. One can increase the switching frequency and at the same time reducing the switching losses using SiC components, but still good cost effective solutions can be made with Si-IGBTs.
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Vehicles of today get a better efficiency of their drive-train. This means that the aerodynamic d... more Vehicles of today get a better efficiency of their drive-train. This means that the aerodynamic drag, the tire losses and auxiliary equipment have an increasing influence on the resulting consumption of the vehicle. For example, the rolling resistance and the drag force are not constants but temperature dependent. Effects of wind, rain and altitude change are also evaluated. Such factors are not included in typical driving cycle tests, but are important for the real consumption of the vehicles. At the actual slow speeds in and around the cities, one of the main influence factors is the weight of the vehicle and the electricity consumption of auxiliaries. The point of view is useful as well for electric, conventional and hybrid vehicles.
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Europe, a pioneer trader with Africa, has had a lot of opportunities to make a business partnersh... more Europe, a pioneer trader with Africa, has had a lot of opportunities to make a business partnership with Africa not only in natural goods but also in technology. Africa middle class has recently been growing and many people have been moving from rural areas to big cities. This makes Africa need more energy. Having the solar energy potentiality, Africa opts to use solar as source of energy which can intervene in different sectors such agri-business. This could be an opportunity for Europe to trade efficiently its PV and converter technology with Africa. The paper briefly shows that China has been dominating not only the industrial Africa market but also the labor jobs since 1990s. Furthermore, it presents the potentialities of Europe which can be exploited for PV converter business partnership with Africa. It presents that Europe can design some industrial products that meet the African climate condition and life style. In this document, development of a specific long life PV convert...
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Papers by Alex Van den Bossche