Platyrrhinus guianensis is bat with a distribution restricted to the Guiana Region of South Ameri... more Platyrrhinus guianensis is bat with a distribution restricted to the Guiana Region of South America in Guyana and Suriname. Herein, we report the southernmost record of this species, extending its distribution to Brazil in Brazilian Amazon. Our record indicates that the species have a larger geographical range that previously thought. Platyrrhinus guianensis occurs in sympatry with Platyrrhinus brachycephalus, Platyrrhinus incarum, and Platyrrhinus fusciventris in the Brazilian Amazon, and can be confused with these species, raising the possibility that there might be other specimens of Platyrrhinus guianensis misidentified as other species in scientific collections.
The arc of deforestation, located between the southern Amazonia and the northern Cerrado of Brazi... more The arc of deforestation, located between the southern Amazonia and the northern Cerrado of Brazil, is a top deforestation frontier worldwide. The high deforestation rates in this region are caused by human activities and threatens a rich diversity of primates that are still poorly-known and therefore investments into taxonomy and distribution research are urgent to support science-driven conservation of primates of this region. Here we present a dataset of 192 new occurrence records for 22 species of primates of the generaAlouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontocebus, Pithecia, Plecturocebus, Saimiri, andSapajus, collected during 10 field expeditions carried out across the arc of deforestation between 2015–2018. Based on these occurrence records we extend the ranges ofSaimiri collinsi, Sapajus apella, andAlouatta puruensis, identify a potential hybridization zone betweenA. puruensisandAlouatta discolor, and redefine the range ofPlecturocebus moloch. Moreover, this dataset is a useful source of information otherwise scarce for further researches on species distributions and habitat use patterns, on the effect of environmental variables on such patterns, for estimating population sizes, evaluating habitat suitability, for predicting effects of climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation on populations, and for assessing species extinction risks. The ranges of primates endemic to the arc of deforestation, with a few exceptions, are fragile hypotheses, which hampers the establishment of effective conservation efforts for species increasingly threatened on a global deforestation frontier.
1. The effects of different thermal regimens on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of l... more 1. The effects of different thermal regimens on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of leucocytes were evaluated in two fish species of the Amazon region. 2. The proportion of circulating types of leucocytes changed significantly in Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) but not in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed for four-week terms to 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees C. 3. The proportion of circulating lymphocytes decreased significantly in tambaquis exposed to 30, 35, and 40 degrees C. No changes in lymphocyte proportions were observed in tamoatás. 4. Neutrophils were almost absent in tambaquis, except in animals exposed to 40 degrees C. No significant changes in circulating neutrophils were observed in tamoatás. 5. The circulating leucocytes of Colossoma macropomum and Hoplosternum littorale are affected in different ways by temperature changes, suggesting species-specific adjustments to this parameter.
The isozyme distribution of cichlid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is related to species environment... more The isozyme distribution of cichlid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is related to species environmental preferences. Cichlasoma amazonarum occurs in different environments and presents LDH tissue distribution patterns that correlate with oxygen tension at the capture location. Cichlasoma amazonarum was exposed to long-term severe hypoxia (51 days at 36.4 +/- 5.9 mmHg), tissue LDH isozyme distribution was analyzed by electrophoresis and enzyme activities were measured by monitoring the oxidation of NADH as pyruvate was reduced to lactate. The exposure of Cichlasoma amazonarum to long-term severe hypoxia resulted in changes in the tissue distribution of LDH isozymes. The major changes in response to hypoxia occurred in heart, liver and brain: isozyme A4 was activated in heart and brain, whereas isozyme B4 was activated in liver. The most significant quantitative change occurred in brain LDH of hypoxia-exposed animals which adopted muscle type kinetics, reflecting a new LDH isozyme distribution. LDH activity was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in animals exposed to hypoxia (N = 8), suggesting an overall LDH suppression. Pyruvate inhibition decreased in all hypoxia-exposed tissues. Thus, the ability of Cichlasoma amazonarum to regulate LDH tissue expression according to oxygen availability allows the animal to survive chronic hypoxic environments. This phenotypic plasticity may occur in other hypoxia-tolerant fish species.
These datasets were produced during the research entitled "Out of the shadows: Multilocus sy... more These datasets were produced during the research entitled "Out of the shadows: Multilocus systematics and biogeography of night monkeys suggest a Central Amazonian origin and a very recent widespread southeastward expansion in South America", which is published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal. In this study, the authors tested the phylogenetic relationships among species of night monkeys (Aotus, Platyrrhini), as well as their historical biogeography. The concatenated mtDNA/nuDNA dataset was produced by combining 854 sequences from 20 nuclear and mitochondrial loci from 45 Aotus specimens, as well as sequences downloaded from GenBank of other Platyrrhini taxa. It is in nexus format and each database region for each molecular marker is highlighted. The nuDNA dataset was produced by combining sequences from 10 nuclear loci from these 45 Aotus specimens, as well as sequences downloaded from GenBank of other Platyrrhini taxa. The mtDNA dataset was produced by combining sequences from 10 mitochondrial loci from these 45 Aotus specimens, as well as sequences downloaded from GenBank of other Platyrrhini taxa. More information about the characteristics of the different sequenced molecular markers and specimens used are found in the scope of the published article
FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral view of male specimens of: A) Topotype of Amazophrynella minuta, Tar... more FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral view of male specimens of: A) Topotype of Amazophrynella minuta, Taracua, Brazil (INPA-H 32732); B) Amazophrynella bokermanni, Juruti, State of Para, Brazil (INPA-H 31861); C) Amazophrynella vote, Parque Estadual do Matupiri, State of Amazonas, Brazil (INPA-H 31870); D) Holotype of Amazophrynella manaos sp. nov. campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, State of Amazonas, Brazil (INPA-H 31866).
Biogeography is an area of study dedicated to understanding the evolutionary processes that resul... more Biogeography is an area of study dedicated to understanding the evolutionary processes that resulted in current organismal distribution patterns. In general, exclusively terrestrial and exclusively aquatic vertebrates have well-studied and defined biogeographic patterns in the New World, but the biogeography of semiaquatic organisms is still poorly understood. In this chapter we discuss the biogeographic patterns and processes of New-World crocodylians. Although dispersal was probably an important process for the diversification of the ancestors of this group, the species/lineages—especially those of the South Americans—have their geographic distributions delimited by natural geographical barriers such as watershed divides, waterfalls and rapids, and captured watersheds, but also ecological specialization and competitive exclusions. The species/lineages occupying these areas show nearly identical divergence times, pointing to common historical processes that drove the evolution and divergence of these species/lineages. Recent studies have shown that widely distributed species have diversified into a significant number of independent evolutionary lineages. Knowing the biogeographic patterns of this group is of fundamental importance for conservation, since in the Anthropocene the effects of changes caused by man are devastating, destroying in a short period of time what nature took thousands/millions of years to build
Cheracebus is a new genus of New World primate of the family Pitheciidae, subfamily Callicebinae.... more Cheracebus is a new genus of New World primate of the family Pitheciidae, subfamily Callicebinae. Until recently, Cheracebus was classified as the torquatus species group of the genus Callicebus. The genus Cheracebus has six species: C. lucifer, C. lugens, C. regulus, C. medemi, C. torquatus, and C. purinus, which are all endemic to the Amazon biome. Before the present study, there had been no conclusive interpretation of the phylogenetic relationships among most of the Cheracebus species. The present study tests the monophyly of the genus and investigates the relationships among the different Cheracebus species, based on DNA sequencing of 16 mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The phylogenetic analyses were based on Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference, and multispecies coalescent approaches. The divergence times and genetic distances between the Cheracebus taxa were also estimated. The analyses confirmed the monophyly of the genus and a well‐supported topology, with the following arrangement: ((C. torquatus, C. lugens), (C. lucifer (C. purinus, C. regulus))). A well‐differentiated clade was also identified within part of the geographic range of C. lugens, which warrants further investigation to confirm its taxonomic status.
Platyrrhinus guianensis is bat with a distribution restricted to the Guiana Region of South Ameri... more Platyrrhinus guianensis is bat with a distribution restricted to the Guiana Region of South America in Guyana and Suriname. Herein, we report the southernmost record of this species, extending its distribution to Brazil in Brazilian Amazon. Our record indicates that the species have a larger geographical range that previously thought. Platyrrhinus guianensis occurs in sympatry with Platyrrhinus brachycephalus, Platyrrhinus incarum, and Platyrrhinus fusciventris in the Brazilian Amazon, and can be confused with these species, raising the possibility that there might be other specimens of Platyrrhinus guianensis misidentified as other species in scientific collections.
The arc of deforestation, located between the southern Amazonia and the northern Cerrado of Brazi... more The arc of deforestation, located between the southern Amazonia and the northern Cerrado of Brazil, is a top deforestation frontier worldwide. The high deforestation rates in this region are caused by human activities and threatens a rich diversity of primates that are still poorly-known and therefore investments into taxonomy and distribution research are urgent to support science-driven conservation of primates of this region. Here we present a dataset of 192 new occurrence records for 22 species of primates of the generaAlouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontocebus, Pithecia, Plecturocebus, Saimiri, andSapajus, collected during 10 field expeditions carried out across the arc of deforestation between 2015–2018. Based on these occurrence records we extend the ranges ofSaimiri collinsi, Sapajus apella, andAlouatta puruensis, identify a potential hybridization zone betweenA. puruensisandAlouatta discolor, and redefine the range ofPlecturocebus moloch. Moreover, this dataset is a useful source of information otherwise scarce for further researches on species distributions and habitat use patterns, on the effect of environmental variables on such patterns, for estimating population sizes, evaluating habitat suitability, for predicting effects of climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation on populations, and for assessing species extinction risks. The ranges of primates endemic to the arc of deforestation, with a few exceptions, are fragile hypotheses, which hampers the establishment of effective conservation efforts for species increasingly threatened on a global deforestation frontier.
1. The effects of different thermal regimens on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of l... more 1. The effects of different thermal regimens on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of leucocytes were evaluated in two fish species of the Amazon region. 2. The proportion of circulating types of leucocytes changed significantly in Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) but not in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed for four-week terms to 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees C. 3. The proportion of circulating lymphocytes decreased significantly in tambaquis exposed to 30, 35, and 40 degrees C. No changes in lymphocyte proportions were observed in tamoatás. 4. Neutrophils were almost absent in tambaquis, except in animals exposed to 40 degrees C. No significant changes in circulating neutrophils were observed in tamoatás. 5. The circulating leucocytes of Colossoma macropomum and Hoplosternum littorale are affected in different ways by temperature changes, suggesting species-specific adjustments to this parameter.
The isozyme distribution of cichlid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is related to species environment... more The isozyme distribution of cichlid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is related to species environmental preferences. Cichlasoma amazonarum occurs in different environments and presents LDH tissue distribution patterns that correlate with oxygen tension at the capture location. Cichlasoma amazonarum was exposed to long-term severe hypoxia (51 days at 36.4 +/- 5.9 mmHg), tissue LDH isozyme distribution was analyzed by electrophoresis and enzyme activities were measured by monitoring the oxidation of NADH as pyruvate was reduced to lactate. The exposure of Cichlasoma amazonarum to long-term severe hypoxia resulted in changes in the tissue distribution of LDH isozymes. The major changes in response to hypoxia occurred in heart, liver and brain: isozyme A4 was activated in heart and brain, whereas isozyme B4 was activated in liver. The most significant quantitative change occurred in brain LDH of hypoxia-exposed animals which adopted muscle type kinetics, reflecting a new LDH isozyme distribution. LDH activity was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in animals exposed to hypoxia (N = 8), suggesting an overall LDH suppression. Pyruvate inhibition decreased in all hypoxia-exposed tissues. Thus, the ability of Cichlasoma amazonarum to regulate LDH tissue expression according to oxygen availability allows the animal to survive chronic hypoxic environments. This phenotypic plasticity may occur in other hypoxia-tolerant fish species.
These datasets were produced during the research entitled "Out of the shadows: Multilocus sy... more These datasets were produced during the research entitled "Out of the shadows: Multilocus systematics and biogeography of night monkeys suggest a Central Amazonian origin and a very recent widespread southeastward expansion in South America", which is published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal. In this study, the authors tested the phylogenetic relationships among species of night monkeys (Aotus, Platyrrhini), as well as their historical biogeography. The concatenated mtDNA/nuDNA dataset was produced by combining 854 sequences from 20 nuclear and mitochondrial loci from 45 Aotus specimens, as well as sequences downloaded from GenBank of other Platyrrhini taxa. It is in nexus format and each database region for each molecular marker is highlighted. The nuDNA dataset was produced by combining sequences from 10 nuclear loci from these 45 Aotus specimens, as well as sequences downloaded from GenBank of other Platyrrhini taxa. The mtDNA dataset was produced by combining sequences from 10 mitochondrial loci from these 45 Aotus specimens, as well as sequences downloaded from GenBank of other Platyrrhini taxa. More information about the characteristics of the different sequenced molecular markers and specimens used are found in the scope of the published article
FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral view of male specimens of: A) Topotype of Amazophrynella minuta, Tar... more FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral view of male specimens of: A) Topotype of Amazophrynella minuta, Taracua, Brazil (INPA-H 32732); B) Amazophrynella bokermanni, Juruti, State of Para, Brazil (INPA-H 31861); C) Amazophrynella vote, Parque Estadual do Matupiri, State of Amazonas, Brazil (INPA-H 31870); D) Holotype of Amazophrynella manaos sp. nov. campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, State of Amazonas, Brazil (INPA-H 31866).
Biogeography is an area of study dedicated to understanding the evolutionary processes that resul... more Biogeography is an area of study dedicated to understanding the evolutionary processes that resulted in current organismal distribution patterns. In general, exclusively terrestrial and exclusively aquatic vertebrates have well-studied and defined biogeographic patterns in the New World, but the biogeography of semiaquatic organisms is still poorly understood. In this chapter we discuss the biogeographic patterns and processes of New-World crocodylians. Although dispersal was probably an important process for the diversification of the ancestors of this group, the species/lineages—especially those of the South Americans—have their geographic distributions delimited by natural geographical barriers such as watershed divides, waterfalls and rapids, and captured watersheds, but also ecological specialization and competitive exclusions. The species/lineages occupying these areas show nearly identical divergence times, pointing to common historical processes that drove the evolution and divergence of these species/lineages. Recent studies have shown that widely distributed species have diversified into a significant number of independent evolutionary lineages. Knowing the biogeographic patterns of this group is of fundamental importance for conservation, since in the Anthropocene the effects of changes caused by man are devastating, destroying in a short period of time what nature took thousands/millions of years to build
Cheracebus is a new genus of New World primate of the family Pitheciidae, subfamily Callicebinae.... more Cheracebus is a new genus of New World primate of the family Pitheciidae, subfamily Callicebinae. Until recently, Cheracebus was classified as the torquatus species group of the genus Callicebus. The genus Cheracebus has six species: C. lucifer, C. lugens, C. regulus, C. medemi, C. torquatus, and C. purinus, which are all endemic to the Amazon biome. Before the present study, there had been no conclusive interpretation of the phylogenetic relationships among most of the Cheracebus species. The present study tests the monophyly of the genus and investigates the relationships among the different Cheracebus species, based on DNA sequencing of 16 mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The phylogenetic analyses were based on Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference, and multispecies coalescent approaches. The divergence times and genetic distances between the Cheracebus taxa were also estimated. The analyses confirmed the monophyly of the genus and a well‐supported topology, with the following arrangement: ((C. torquatus, C. lugens), (C. lucifer (C. purinus, C. regulus))). A well‐differentiated clade was also identified within part of the geographic range of C. lugens, which warrants further investigation to confirm its taxonomic status.
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