BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cort... more BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is an effective treatment for depression, but the neural response to rTMS remains unclear. TMS with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can probe these neural effects, but variation in TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) across the dlPFC are not well characterized and often obscured by muscle artifact. Mapping TEPs and artifacts across dlPFC targets is needed to identify high fidelity subregions that can be used for rTMS treatment monitoring.ObjectiveTo characterize ‘early TEPs’ anatomically and temporally close (20-50 ms) to the TMS pulse and associated muscle artifacts (<20 ms) across the dlPFC. We hypothesized that TMS location and angle would affect these early TEPs and that TEP size would be inversely related to muscle artifact. We sought to identify an optimal TMS target / angle for the group and asked if individualization would be beneficial.MethodsIn 16 healthy participants, ...
Despite adoption of repetitive TMS (rTMS) for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, a lack... more Despite adoption of repetitive TMS (rTMS) for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, a lack of understanding of its neural effects limits our ability to monitor, personalize, and adapt treatments. Here we address the methodological limitations in capturing the neural response to a single TMS train, the fundamental building block of treatment. We developed methods to measure these effects noninvasively and evaluated the acute neural response to single and sequential TMS trains. In 16 healthy adults, we applied 10 Hz trains to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in a randomized, sham-controlled, event-related design and assessed changes to the TMS-evoked potential (TEP), a measure of local cortical excitability. We hypothesized that single TMS trains would induce changes in the local TEP amplitude that would accumulate across trains, but we found no evidence in support of this hypothesis. However, exploratory analyses demonstrated modulations non-locally and in phase and ...
BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cort... more BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is an effective treatment for depression, but the neural response to rTMS remains unclear. TMS with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can probe these neural effects, but variation in TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) across the dlPFC are not well characterized and often obscured by muscle artifact. Mapping TEPs and artifacts across dlPFC targets is needed to identify high fidelity subregions that can be used for rTMS treatment monitoring.ObjectiveTo characterize ‘early TEPs’ anatomically and temporally close (20-50 ms) to the TMS pulse and associated muscle artifacts (<20 ms) across the dlPFC. We hypothesized that TMS location and angle would affect these early TEPs and that TEP size would be inversely related to muscle artifact. We sought to identify an optimal TMS target / angle for the group and asked if individualization would be beneficial.MethodsIn 16 healthy participants, ...
Despite adoption of repetitive TMS (rTMS) for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, a lack... more Despite adoption of repetitive TMS (rTMS) for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, a lack of understanding of its neural effects limits our ability to monitor, personalize, and adapt treatments. Here we address the methodological limitations in capturing the neural response to a single TMS train, the fundamental building block of treatment. We developed methods to measure these effects noninvasively and evaluated the acute neural response to single and sequential TMS trains. In 16 healthy adults, we applied 10 Hz trains to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in a randomized, sham-controlled, event-related design and assessed changes to the TMS-evoked potential (TEP), a measure of local cortical excitability. We hypothesized that single TMS trains would induce changes in the local TEP amplitude that would accumulate across trains, but we found no evidence in support of this hypothesis. However, exploratory analyses demonstrated modulations non-locally and in phase and ...
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