Objectives: Although more individuals are adopting yoga into their lives, little research has exa... more Objectives: Although more individuals are adopting yoga into their lives, little research has examined practitioners’ expectations and experiences of their yoga instructor's behavior. Discrepancies between real and ideal behaviors of yoga instructors may lead to unsatisfactory experiences and decrease the potential impact of yoga practice. This study investigated differences between yoga practitioners' real and ideal perceptions of their yoga teacher's behavior and the relationship between discrepant beliefs and students’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: The Perceptions of Yoga Teacher Questionnaire (PYTQ), a recently developed survey of student attitudes regarding yoga teachers’ behavior, was administered in a national online survey of yoga students and teachers. Greater discrepancy between real and idea yoga teacher behavior was anticipated to be positively associated with practitioners’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
The degree to which a traumatic event is seen as central to one's sense of self (trauma centr... more The degree to which a traumatic event is seen as central to one's sense of self (trauma centrality) has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Based on cognitive models of PTSD that highlight the role that maladaptive appraisals play in generating PTSD symptoms, we hypothesized that appraising a trauma as violating one's core beliefs and goals mediates the link between trauma centrality and PTSD symptoms. Further, we reasoned that coping ability moderates the direct and indirect link as those with better coping ability will have more adaptive appraisals. Hypotheses were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 367 undergraduates who have experienced a traumatic event. Data were collected via an online survey. Overall, results of the moderated mediation analysis were consistent with the hypothesized mediating role for appraised violations and moderating role for coping ability. Findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences...
Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2011
Because exposure to potentially traumatic events is common (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, & Hughes, 1... more Because exposure to potentially traumatic events is common (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, & Hughes, 1995), the mechanisms through which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms develop is a critical area of investigation (Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003). Among the mechanisms that may predict PTSD symptoms is spiritual struggle, a set of negative religious cognitions related to understanding or responding to stressful events. Although prominent theories emphasize cognitive factors in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms, they have not explicitly addressed spiritual struggle. The present prospective study tested the role of spiritual struggle in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms following trauma. We assessed exposure to trauma and non-trauma events during the first year of college, spiritual struggle due to the most stressful event, and PTSD symptoms resulting from the index event. Spiritual struggle partially mediated the relationship between trauma an...
Objective: To examine four issues regarding college-student drinking to cope:(1) The prevalence o... more Objective: To examine four issues regarding college-student drinking to cope:(1) The prevalence of drinking to cope among students in a medium-sized Midwestern state university;(2) the relationships among drinking to cope and alcohol-related outcomes;(3) the use of drinking to cope within the larger context of students' coping processes; and (4) gender differences in drinking to cope.
Objective: To examine whether students drink more alcohol on higher-stress days than on lower-str... more Objective: To examine whether students drink more alcohol on higher-stress days than on lower-stress days; whether daily coping strategies and affective states mediate the within-person relationship between stress and drinking; and whether the daily stress-drinking process varies as a function of previously identified between-person risk factors (sex, family history, coping motives, sensation seeking, neuroticism). Method: College students (N= 137) completed daily surveys for 28 consecutive days.
Religious fundamentalism can be traced back to a series of 80 pamphlets collectively called “The ... more Religious fundamentalism can be traced back to a series of 80 pamphlets collectively called “The Fundamentals”(nd) that were published in the United States between 1910 and 1915. Written mostly by scholars and clergymen and distributed in great numbers around the world, the pamphlets presented a response to the “Higher Criticism” of the Bible that had become prominent during the second half of the 19th century.
One of the most striking changes in the aging paradigm since the mid-1960s is the recognition of ... more One of the most striking changes in the aging paradigm since the mid-1960s is the recognition of both individual differences and plasticity in the aging process. Some individuals become severely disabled in midlife, whereas others are running marathons in their seventies and even eighties (albeit rarely).
Objectives: Although more individuals are adopting yoga into their lives, little research has exa... more Objectives: Although more individuals are adopting yoga into their lives, little research has examined practitioners’ expectations and experiences of their yoga instructor's behavior. Discrepancies between real and ideal behaviors of yoga instructors may lead to unsatisfactory experiences and decrease the potential impact of yoga practice. This study investigated differences between yoga practitioners' real and ideal perceptions of their yoga teacher's behavior and the relationship between discrepant beliefs and students’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: The Perceptions of Yoga Teacher Questionnaire (PYTQ), a recently developed survey of student attitudes regarding yoga teachers’ behavior, was administered in a national online survey of yoga students and teachers. Greater discrepancy between real and idea yoga teacher behavior was anticipated to be positively associated with practitioners’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
The degree to which a traumatic event is seen as central to one's sense of self (trauma centr... more The degree to which a traumatic event is seen as central to one's sense of self (trauma centrality) has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Based on cognitive models of PTSD that highlight the role that maladaptive appraisals play in generating PTSD symptoms, we hypothesized that appraising a trauma as violating one's core beliefs and goals mediates the link between trauma centrality and PTSD symptoms. Further, we reasoned that coping ability moderates the direct and indirect link as those with better coping ability will have more adaptive appraisals. Hypotheses were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 367 undergraduates who have experienced a traumatic event. Data were collected via an online survey. Overall, results of the moderated mediation analysis were consistent with the hypothesized mediating role for appraised violations and moderating role for coping ability. Findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences...
Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2011
Because exposure to potentially traumatic events is common (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, & Hughes, 1... more Because exposure to potentially traumatic events is common (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, & Hughes, 1995), the mechanisms through which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms develop is a critical area of investigation (Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003). Among the mechanisms that may predict PTSD symptoms is spiritual struggle, a set of negative religious cognitions related to understanding or responding to stressful events. Although prominent theories emphasize cognitive factors in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms, they have not explicitly addressed spiritual struggle. The present prospective study tested the role of spiritual struggle in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms following trauma. We assessed exposure to trauma and non-trauma events during the first year of college, spiritual struggle due to the most stressful event, and PTSD symptoms resulting from the index event. Spiritual struggle partially mediated the relationship between trauma an...
Objective: To examine four issues regarding college-student drinking to cope:(1) The prevalence o... more Objective: To examine four issues regarding college-student drinking to cope:(1) The prevalence of drinking to cope among students in a medium-sized Midwestern state university;(2) the relationships among drinking to cope and alcohol-related outcomes;(3) the use of drinking to cope within the larger context of students' coping processes; and (4) gender differences in drinking to cope.
Objective: To examine whether students drink more alcohol on higher-stress days than on lower-str... more Objective: To examine whether students drink more alcohol on higher-stress days than on lower-stress days; whether daily coping strategies and affective states mediate the within-person relationship between stress and drinking; and whether the daily stress-drinking process varies as a function of previously identified between-person risk factors (sex, family history, coping motives, sensation seeking, neuroticism). Method: College students (N= 137) completed daily surveys for 28 consecutive days.
Religious fundamentalism can be traced back to a series of 80 pamphlets collectively called “The ... more Religious fundamentalism can be traced back to a series of 80 pamphlets collectively called “The Fundamentals”(nd) that were published in the United States between 1910 and 1915. Written mostly by scholars and clergymen and distributed in great numbers around the world, the pamphlets presented a response to the “Higher Criticism” of the Bible that had become prominent during the second half of the 19th century.
One of the most striking changes in the aging paradigm since the mid-1960s is the recognition of ... more One of the most striking changes in the aging paradigm since the mid-1960s is the recognition of both individual differences and plasticity in the aging process. Some individuals become severely disabled in midlife, whereas others are running marathons in their seventies and even eighties (albeit rarely).
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