Javier Leiva
Contratado posdoctoral "Margarita Salas" en el Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía teórica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Perteneciente al Grupo de trabajo del proyecto de investigación Schematismus.
Doctor en Filosofía por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Secretario, profesor y tutor de la Escuela de Filosofía.
May the Force be with you.
Supervisors: Alba Jiménez Rodríguez
Doctor en Filosofía por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Secretario, profesor y tutor de la Escuela de Filosofía.
May the Force be with you.
Supervisors: Alba Jiménez Rodríguez
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Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía, vol. 35, número 2.
ISSN: 0211-2337
Págs. 563-568
Papers
The following article presents a critical philosophical reflection on the current situation of teaching and pedagogy in Spain —at all levels of education—, and claims the need for a philosophy of education to deal with the problems of education. On the basis of the thoughts already put forward by José Ortega y Gasset in the first quarter of the 20th century, this paper tries to defend the figure of the teacher, whose education is not only limited to the institutional classroom, but also outside it. It also analyses the imbrication of pedagogy and politics, converting the former into a social task; it delves into the means-ends of education debate, to criticise the current homogenisation and technocratic conception, which annuls personal training and critical attitude or thinking; and it advocates the encourage of a philosophy of education, in order to reveal another way of teaching, which some Spanish authors of the last century had already proposed through literature.
The aim of this essay is to provide with an overview of the historical manipulation that National Socialism attempted to carry out on the basis of its ideology. Starting from the Arendtian definition of «ideology» as the logic of an idea or the unfolding of a process, I will describe some of the attempts made by the Third Reich in order to reformulate its past and its present, focusing specially on a series of myths or narratives which were elaborated, such as the «myth of the Arian race», the «myth of the national community» —die Volksgemein-schaft—, the tale of the «stab in the back», its portrait about the icon of the Jew, or its pur-pose to eliminate the remnants of the concentration camps.
With the rise and development of the European scientific revolution since Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries, which eventually finished Aristotelian physics and teleolo-gy to reduce the worldview to an efficient relation between causes and effects, one of the fundamental assumptions in Western metaphysics and ethics entered into crisis too: the question of free will. After all, if the whole physical nature was submitted to necessary, universal and unbreakable causes, from which nothing can escape, and the human being was also a body within that nature, why should they not be equally de-termined? Throughout this article I will try to present what the irruption of Modernity meant about the debate of «free will»; how the figure of Hobbes, due to cartesian phi-losophy, became a representative of materialist determinism —although not the only one—; and the solution to the dilemma offered by Kant with his well-known postulate of freedom.
Bajo Palabra, número XXII
ISSN: 1576-3935
Págs. 57-80
Pensamiento al margen. Revista digital, Número especial 55 Congreso de Filosofía Joven.
ISSN 2386-6098
Págs. 124-148
Las Torres de Lucca. Revista Internacional de Filosofía Política, número 13
eISSN: 2255-3827
Págs. 109-134
The aim of this essay is to evaluate Hume’s position concerning religion through the analysis of his arguments’ strength against theism and deism and with a critical point of view. In order to do that, we will be based on the context that surrounded him and the training he received, with the purpose to solve some misunderstandings that have arisen from his reading. Later, we will pay attention to the strong points of his theory and, finally, we will display the inconsistencies and incoherencies that his reasoning shows in relation to some aspects of his system, as happens in the case of miracles or the problem of evil —theodicy—.
Liceo Franciscano: Revista de estudios e investigación, número 210
e-ISSN.: 2530-917X
Págs. 81-106
Antítesis. Revista iberoamericana de estudios hegelianos, nº 2 (29/12/2021)
ISSN: 2735-7090; e-ISSN: 2792-436X
Págs. 7-23
https://revistas.uam.es/antitesis/article/view/14882/14592
Since his youth, Hitler felt the inner desire to become a renowned artist both in his native Austria and the Germany he felt he belonged. Although the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna twice frustrated his dream in the fine arts, properly said, politics brought him the opportunity to make it come true; and, once he had become Führer of all German people, he though himself as the great artist who must have regenerated and shaped a new Germany. In this essay I will try to present the main aspects of aesthetics with which National Socialism covered the Third Reich. An aesthetic which went beyond the artistic field, shaping a whole society, a political model and a way of thinking, based on its aspiration to domination, its ambition to eternity and its wish to make the German community an authentic piece of art.
Palabras clave: Arendt, Kant, mal radical, banalidad del mal, pensamiento representativo.
Hannah Arendt is undoubtedly one of the leading names, not only among women philosophers, but also in the whole history of thought, and more specifically in Twentieth century. On this matter, the aim of this article is to point out how the former Heidegger’s student made, in political matters, a triple confrontation against philosophical tradition: firstly, with the reformulation of the idea of «radical evil», previously quoted by Kant; secondly, with his own suggestion of «banality of evil»; and thirdly, inspired by thinker’s Königsberg, to consider a new model of political philosophy.
Keywords: Arendt, Kant, radical evil, banality of evil, representative thinking.
Bajo Palabra, número XXII
ISSN: 1576-3935
Págs. 57-80
Abstract: Considering that several acts and atrocities perpetrated by National Socialism cannot be reduced to a singular theory, to a singular cause nor to a singular root, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the different expressions that evil adopted in the Third Reich. In order to do that, we will analyse the Arendtian terms " banality of evil " and " radical evil " ; we will introduce the term " spontaneity of evil " ; we will show the evil that prisoners of concentration camps were forced to perform; and, finally, we will pay as much attention to active as to passive collusion carried out by German people.
Abstract: Despite the fact that Nazism and Stalinism, the two largest regimes of totalitari-anism, become extinct, does not imply that totalitarianism has been abolished. We will hereby try to explain how some of the possible solutions have lingered in current economy and politics. On the one hand, we could state that the economical «ultraliberalism» possesses , to some extent, totalitarian aspects in the way history is conceived, their abstract perspective of mankind, radicalism and Manicheism over other economical bases, and their monistic view of the world. On the other hand, we intend to analyse the totalitarian pattern of some political parties and right-winged extremists which rose or which have appeared in Europe in the wake of the social, political and axiological crisis Europe is currently going through.
Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía, vol. 35, número 2.
ISSN: 0211-2337
Págs. 563-568
The following article presents a critical philosophical reflection on the current situation of teaching and pedagogy in Spain —at all levels of education—, and claims the need for a philosophy of education to deal with the problems of education. On the basis of the thoughts already put forward by José Ortega y Gasset in the first quarter of the 20th century, this paper tries to defend the figure of the teacher, whose education is not only limited to the institutional classroom, but also outside it. It also analyses the imbrication of pedagogy and politics, converting the former into a social task; it delves into the means-ends of education debate, to criticise the current homogenisation and technocratic conception, which annuls personal training and critical attitude or thinking; and it advocates the encourage of a philosophy of education, in order to reveal another way of teaching, which some Spanish authors of the last century had already proposed through literature.
The aim of this essay is to provide with an overview of the historical manipulation that National Socialism attempted to carry out on the basis of its ideology. Starting from the Arendtian definition of «ideology» as the logic of an idea or the unfolding of a process, I will describe some of the attempts made by the Third Reich in order to reformulate its past and its present, focusing specially on a series of myths or narratives which were elaborated, such as the «myth of the Arian race», the «myth of the national community» —die Volksgemein-schaft—, the tale of the «stab in the back», its portrait about the icon of the Jew, or its pur-pose to eliminate the remnants of the concentration camps.
With the rise and development of the European scientific revolution since Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries, which eventually finished Aristotelian physics and teleolo-gy to reduce the worldview to an efficient relation between causes and effects, one of the fundamental assumptions in Western metaphysics and ethics entered into crisis too: the question of free will. After all, if the whole physical nature was submitted to necessary, universal and unbreakable causes, from which nothing can escape, and the human being was also a body within that nature, why should they not be equally de-termined? Throughout this article I will try to present what the irruption of Modernity meant about the debate of «free will»; how the figure of Hobbes, due to cartesian phi-losophy, became a representative of materialist determinism —although not the only one—; and the solution to the dilemma offered by Kant with his well-known postulate of freedom.
Bajo Palabra, número XXII
ISSN: 1576-3935
Págs. 57-80
Pensamiento al margen. Revista digital, Número especial 55 Congreso de Filosofía Joven.
ISSN 2386-6098
Págs. 124-148
Las Torres de Lucca. Revista Internacional de Filosofía Política, número 13
eISSN: 2255-3827
Págs. 109-134
The aim of this essay is to evaluate Hume’s position concerning religion through the analysis of his arguments’ strength against theism and deism and with a critical point of view. In order to do that, we will be based on the context that surrounded him and the training he received, with the purpose to solve some misunderstandings that have arisen from his reading. Later, we will pay attention to the strong points of his theory and, finally, we will display the inconsistencies and incoherencies that his reasoning shows in relation to some aspects of his system, as happens in the case of miracles or the problem of evil —theodicy—.
Liceo Franciscano: Revista de estudios e investigación, número 210
e-ISSN.: 2530-917X
Págs. 81-106
Antítesis. Revista iberoamericana de estudios hegelianos, nº 2 (29/12/2021)
ISSN: 2735-7090; e-ISSN: 2792-436X
Págs. 7-23
https://revistas.uam.es/antitesis/article/view/14882/14592
Since his youth, Hitler felt the inner desire to become a renowned artist both in his native Austria and the Germany he felt he belonged. Although the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna twice frustrated his dream in the fine arts, properly said, politics brought him the opportunity to make it come true; and, once he had become Führer of all German people, he though himself as the great artist who must have regenerated and shaped a new Germany. In this essay I will try to present the main aspects of aesthetics with which National Socialism covered the Third Reich. An aesthetic which went beyond the artistic field, shaping a whole society, a political model and a way of thinking, based on its aspiration to domination, its ambition to eternity and its wish to make the German community an authentic piece of art.
Palabras clave: Arendt, Kant, mal radical, banalidad del mal, pensamiento representativo.
Hannah Arendt is undoubtedly one of the leading names, not only among women philosophers, but also in the whole history of thought, and more specifically in Twentieth century. On this matter, the aim of this article is to point out how the former Heidegger’s student made, in political matters, a triple confrontation against philosophical tradition: firstly, with the reformulation of the idea of «radical evil», previously quoted by Kant; secondly, with his own suggestion of «banality of evil»; and thirdly, inspired by thinker’s Königsberg, to consider a new model of political philosophy.
Keywords: Arendt, Kant, radical evil, banality of evil, representative thinking.
Bajo Palabra, número XXII
ISSN: 1576-3935
Págs. 57-80
Abstract: Considering that several acts and atrocities perpetrated by National Socialism cannot be reduced to a singular theory, to a singular cause nor to a singular root, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the different expressions that evil adopted in the Third Reich. In order to do that, we will analyse the Arendtian terms " banality of evil " and " radical evil " ; we will introduce the term " spontaneity of evil " ; we will show the evil that prisoners of concentration camps were forced to perform; and, finally, we will pay as much attention to active as to passive collusion carried out by German people.
Abstract: Despite the fact that Nazism and Stalinism, the two largest regimes of totalitari-anism, become extinct, does not imply that totalitarianism has been abolished. We will hereby try to explain how some of the possible solutions have lingered in current economy and politics. On the one hand, we could state that the economical «ultraliberalism» possesses , to some extent, totalitarian aspects in the way history is conceived, their abstract perspective of mankind, radicalism and Manicheism over other economical bases, and their monistic view of the world. On the other hand, we intend to analyse the totalitarian pattern of some political parties and right-winged extremists which rose or which have appeared in Europe in the wake of the social, political and axiological crisis Europe is currently going through.
Abstract: Considering that several acts and atrocities perpetrated by National Socialism cannot be reduced to a singular theory, to a singular cause nor to a singular root, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the different expressions that evil adopted in the Third Reich. In order to do that, we will analyse the Arendtian terms " banality of evil " and " radical evil " ; we will introduce the term " spontaneity of evil " ; we will show the evil that prisoners of concentration camps were forced to perform; and, finally, we will pay as much attention to active as to passive collusion carried out by German people.
Abstract: Despite the fact that Nazism and Stalinism, the two largest regimes of totalitari-anism, become extinct, does not imply that totalitarianism has been abolished. We will hereby try to explain how some of the possible solutions have lingered in current economy and politics. On the one hand, we could state that the economical «ultraliberalism» possesses , to some extent, totalitarian aspects in the way history is conceived, their abstract perspective of mankind, radicalism and Manicheism over other economical bases, and their monistic view of the world. On the other hand, we intend to analyse the totalitarian pattern of some political parties and right-winged extremists which rose or which have appeared in Europe in the wake of the social, political and axiological crisis Europe is currently going through.
Abstract: Through the use of its own ideology, the National Socialism tried to transform the definition of human being. Distinguishing between superior and inferior races, Nazis excluded from their morality an entire collective of people to consider them a damage to the German Volk's health. However, why were considered the Jews as the more dangerous people, over any other group? We will try to answer this question in this article, by analyzing the view that Nazism made about the Jew in order to place it beyond the limits of human being.
ISBN: 978-84-9044-116-9 (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha)
ISBN: 978-84-9086-506-4 (Tirant Lo Blanch)
Págs. 307-320.
ISBN: 978-84-1324-584-3
Págs. 65-86