This study assesses inter-examiner reproducibility in recording various malocclusion parameters a... more This study assesses inter-examiner reproducibility in recording various malocclusion parameters and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) grade during patient examination by utilising the kappa statistic. Five previously calibrated orthodontists clinically examined 233 non-orthodontically treated schoolchildren aged 14-17 years for recording various malocclusion parameters. The examination was repeated twice, thirty days apart and precluded the use of study-models or radiographs. Although good inter-examiner reproducibility was observed in recording incisor class, IOTN dental health grade, type of posterior crossbite, and excellent for parameters with absolute criteria like erupted supernumeraries, etc, substantial examiner variation resulted in only fair reproducibility for recording IOTN esthetic category, canine class, overbite category, traumatic overbite and upper centre-line shift of two millimetres or more from the facial midline. Reproducibility for detecting occlusal d...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2001
Increasing risk of HIV infections among health care workers has been a continuing concern. The st... more Increasing risk of HIV infections among health care workers has been a continuing concern. The study was designed to identify the compliance of glove utilization, and factors related to non-compliance. A sample of 150 staff nurses were recruited from the study population of 550 nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Data were collected by using a structured self-administered questionnaires. The response rate was 98.4%. The study revealed a low compliance (13.5%) of glove utilization (for all 9 procedures), which varied among different procedures (27-97%). Younger nurses and those with shorter duration of working experience had better knowledge of Universal Precautions. Nurses in intensive care unit and operation theatre were better in both knowledge and compliance of glove utilization. The three commonest misconceptions were identified as "selective use of gloves for high risk groups and suspected cases", and "tendency to depend on HIV prevalence". Nurses ...
Objective: Coping with persistent demands in modern healthcare and facing new challenges such as ... more Objective: Coping with persistent demands in modern healthcare and facing new challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is increasingly necessary among nurses. Brief-COPE inventory is widely used to assess coping, however, validation evidence is absent and previous results were inconsistent. This study aimed to validate psychometric properties of Brief-COPE inventory to ensure culturally appropriate usage. Methods: Preliminary validation study on 423 female nurses from the United Arab Emirates. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation was computed to test four different previous models. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) protocol was used to determine underlying domain structure of Brief-COPE in this population.Results: The four previous models on CFA had inadequate fit indexes. Two-factor (22-items) second-order model that explained 37.0% of the total variance with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.81 and 0.88, respectively, was suggested. Conclusion: This validatio...
Pelvic osteosarcoma is a rare and difficult disease in which limb sparing surgery is an alternati... more Pelvic osteosarcoma is a rare and difficult disease in which limb sparing surgery is an alternative choice of treatment in very selected cases. However in majority of the cases the bone defects after the wide resection of the cancerous bone are replaced by either allografts or custom made endoprosthesis. Another promising and good alternative but challenging technique is by using autogenous or the diseased bone itself after undergoing extracorporeal irradiation (ECI) intraoperatively. We would like to report a case of a 24 years old lady with osteosarcoma of the left pelvis whom underwent resection, ECI and reconstruction in our center.
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2019
Background: World Health Organization's Healthy Workplace Framework and Model has emphasized ... more Background: World Health Organization's Healthy Workplace Framework and Model has emphasized addressing psychosocial work stressors as one of the important avenues toward creating a conducive workplace. Management and interventions of these adverse stressors have been unremarkable; impairing work productivity. Objective: To explore the effect of psychosocial work stressors on health service productivity. Methods: Using Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Healthcare Productivity Survey, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 health and allied health professionals in the largest referral hospital in Brunei. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship of each domain of work productivity to indicators of psychosocial work stressors. Results: Psychosocial work stressors explained more than 50% of the variance for health care productivity. Influence at work, role clarity, rewards and job satisfaction were among the factors with the highest contributi...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, Jan 27, 2018
Objectives: To culturally adapt the Short Form Health-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) into the Brunei-Mala... more Objectives: To culturally adapt the Short Form Health-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) into the Brunei-Malay context and determine its reliability and validity for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: An iterative multistep strategy involving setting up a bilingual expert panel, pretesting, text revision and back translation was used to prepare the Brunei-Malay SF-36v2 as an adaptation from the Malaysian-Malay SF-36v2. The Brunei-Malay SF-36v2 was then self-administered to a sample of healthy individuals (n=95) and predialysis chronic kidney disease outpatients (n=95) resident in Brunei. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 46.6 (17.8) years. Results: Data completion rate was 100% with minimal floor effects (≤0.21) in all the 8 domains and >15% ceiling effects in 3 of the 8 domain scales. Cronbach’s alpha was >0.70 for all the 8 domain scales. Scaling success was 100% for conv...
To determine the average health-related quality of life (HRQOL) score levels and their determinan... more To determine the average health-related quality of life (HRQOL) score levels and their determinants in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant observational studies published between April 2007 and April 2017 in MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL databases. Thirteen observational studies with a total sample of 8635 subjects comprising 53.3% male with an aggregate mean age of 59.5 (SD 14.9) years were included in this review. Of the 8 generic HRQOL domains of the Short-Form Health Surveys, Social Functioning had the highest mean score whereas General Health had the lowest mean score in patients with predialysis CKD. Physical component summary (PCS) was more impaired than mental component summary (MCS). The determinants of poor HRQOL in predialysis CKD patients included both modifiable risk factors such as comorbidities (namely anxiety and depression), low serum hemoglobin level, sedentary lifestyle, unemployment an...
This study aimed to compare the quality of life based on the Short Form-36 (SF-36) between two di... more This study aimed to compare the quality of life based on the Short Form-36 (SF-36) between two different groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with glycaemic control: those with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level at or below 7.5 percent and those above 7.5 percent. In this cross-sectional study, a generic SF-36 questionnaire was self-administered to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the HbA1c level, the mean SF-36 scale scores were compared. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain the adjusted mean scores of the SF-36 scales while controlling for age and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analysed. There were 63 (42 percent) women and 87 (58 percent) men, and their mean HbA1c level was 8.9 percent (SD 2.4 percent). When comparing the two groups of patients with different HbA1c levels, the adjusted means of four scales: physical health functioning, general health, social functioning and mental health,...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2007
The objective of this case-control study was to determine the association between herbal medicine... more The objective of this case-control study was to determine the association between herbal medicine use during pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Tumpat District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Cases were mothers who gave birth from June 2002 to June 2005 with a history of perinatal mortality, while controls were those without a history of perinatal infant mortality. A total of 316 mothers (106 cases and 210 controls) were interviewed. The use of unidentified herbs prepared by traditional midwives and other types of herbal medicines during the first trimester of pregnancy were positively associated with perinatal mortality (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 1.13; 24.23 and OR = 8.90, 95%, CI = 1.35; 58.53, respectively). The use of unidentified "Orang Asli" herbs and coconut oil during the third trimester of pregnancy were negatively associated with perinatal mortality in Tumpat (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02; 0.59 and OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.92, respectively). These findings suggest the use of uni...
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2008
The purpose of this study was to determine the sawmill workers' knowledge, attitude and pract... more The purpose of this study was to determine the sawmill workers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in relation to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 83 workers from 3 factories in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Questionnaires were distributed to obtain the socio-demography, knowledge, attitude and practice level in relation to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The weak areas identified in the knowledge section were treatment aspects (15.5%), signs and symptoms of NIHL (20.2%) and risk factors (31%). As for attitude; the prevention aspects were the lowest (25.3%), followed by risk taking attitude (26.2%), and causes of hearing loss (42.1%). Overall, the practice was not encouraging at all. It is important to have an education program to raise workers' awareness and to improve their attitude and practices towards noise-induced hearing loss.
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2008
Tooth wear is the non-carious loss of tooth tissue, which results from three processes namely att... more Tooth wear is the non-carious loss of tooth tissue, which results from three processes namely attrition, erosion and abrasion. These can occur in isolation or simultaneously. Very mild tooth wear is a physiological effect of aging. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of tooth wear among 16-year old Malay school children and determine a feasible sample size for further study. Fifty-five subjects were examined clinically, followed by the completion of self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires consisted of socio-demographic and associated variables for tooth wear obtained from the literature. The Smith and Knight tooth wear index was used to chart tooth wear. Other oral findings were recorded using the WHO criteria. A software programme was used to determine pathological tooth wear. About equal ratio of male to female were involved. It was found that 18.2% of subjects have no tooth wear, 63.6% had very mild tooth wear, 10.9% mild tooth wear, 5.5% moderate tooth wear and 1...
The aims were to develop and validate a new Prescription Quality Index (PQI) for the measurement ... more The aims were to develop and validate a new Prescription Quality Index (PQI) for the measurement of prescription quality in chronic diseases. The PQI were developed and validated based on three separate surveys and one pilot study. Criteria were developed based on literature search, discussions and brainstorming sessions. Validity of the criteria was examined using modified Delphi method. Pre-testing was performed on 30 patients suffering from chronic diseases. The modified version was then subjected to reviews by pharmacists and clinicians in two separate surveys. The rater-based PQI with 22 criteria was then piloted in 120 patients with chronic illnesses. Results were analysed using SPSS version 12.0.1 Exploratory principal components analysis revealed multiple factors contributing to prescription quality. Cronbach's α for the entire 22 criteria was 0.60. The average intra-rater and inter-rater reliability showed good to moderate stability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.76 and 0.52, respectively). The PQI was significantly and negatively correlated with age (correlation coefficient -0.34,…
This study assesses inter-examiner reproducibility in recording various malocclusion parameters a... more This study assesses inter-examiner reproducibility in recording various malocclusion parameters and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) grade during patient examination by utilising the kappa statistic. Five previously calibrated orthodontists clinically examined 233 non-orthodontically treated schoolchildren aged 14-17 years for recording various malocclusion parameters. The examination was repeated twice, thirty days apart and precluded the use of study-models or radiographs. Although good inter-examiner reproducibility was observed in recording incisor class, IOTN dental health grade, type of posterior crossbite, and excellent for parameters with absolute criteria like erupted supernumeraries, etc, substantial examiner variation resulted in only fair reproducibility for recording IOTN esthetic category, canine class, overbite category, traumatic overbite and upper centre-line shift of two millimetres or more from the facial midline. Reproducibility for detecting occlusal d...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2001
Increasing risk of HIV infections among health care workers has been a continuing concern. The st... more Increasing risk of HIV infections among health care workers has been a continuing concern. The study was designed to identify the compliance of glove utilization, and factors related to non-compliance. A sample of 150 staff nurses were recruited from the study population of 550 nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Data were collected by using a structured self-administered questionnaires. The response rate was 98.4%. The study revealed a low compliance (13.5%) of glove utilization (for all 9 procedures), which varied among different procedures (27-97%). Younger nurses and those with shorter duration of working experience had better knowledge of Universal Precautions. Nurses in intensive care unit and operation theatre were better in both knowledge and compliance of glove utilization. The three commonest misconceptions were identified as "selective use of gloves for high risk groups and suspected cases", and "tendency to depend on HIV prevalence". Nurses ...
Objective: Coping with persistent demands in modern healthcare and facing new challenges such as ... more Objective: Coping with persistent demands in modern healthcare and facing new challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is increasingly necessary among nurses. Brief-COPE inventory is widely used to assess coping, however, validation evidence is absent and previous results were inconsistent. This study aimed to validate psychometric properties of Brief-COPE inventory to ensure culturally appropriate usage. Methods: Preliminary validation study on 423 female nurses from the United Arab Emirates. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation was computed to test four different previous models. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) protocol was used to determine underlying domain structure of Brief-COPE in this population.Results: The four previous models on CFA had inadequate fit indexes. Two-factor (22-items) second-order model that explained 37.0% of the total variance with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.81 and 0.88, respectively, was suggested. Conclusion: This validatio...
Pelvic osteosarcoma is a rare and difficult disease in which limb sparing surgery is an alternati... more Pelvic osteosarcoma is a rare and difficult disease in which limb sparing surgery is an alternative choice of treatment in very selected cases. However in majority of the cases the bone defects after the wide resection of the cancerous bone are replaced by either allografts or custom made endoprosthesis. Another promising and good alternative but challenging technique is by using autogenous or the diseased bone itself after undergoing extracorporeal irradiation (ECI) intraoperatively. We would like to report a case of a 24 years old lady with osteosarcoma of the left pelvis whom underwent resection, ECI and reconstruction in our center.
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2019
Background: World Health Organization's Healthy Workplace Framework and Model has emphasized ... more Background: World Health Organization's Healthy Workplace Framework and Model has emphasized addressing psychosocial work stressors as one of the important avenues toward creating a conducive workplace. Management and interventions of these adverse stressors have been unremarkable; impairing work productivity. Objective: To explore the effect of psychosocial work stressors on health service productivity. Methods: Using Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Healthcare Productivity Survey, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 health and allied health professionals in the largest referral hospital in Brunei. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship of each domain of work productivity to indicators of psychosocial work stressors. Results: Psychosocial work stressors explained more than 50% of the variance for health care productivity. Influence at work, role clarity, rewards and job satisfaction were among the factors with the highest contributi...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, Jan 27, 2018
Objectives: To culturally adapt the Short Form Health-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) into the Brunei-Mala... more Objectives: To culturally adapt the Short Form Health-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) into the Brunei-Malay context and determine its reliability and validity for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: An iterative multistep strategy involving setting up a bilingual expert panel, pretesting, text revision and back translation was used to prepare the Brunei-Malay SF-36v2 as an adaptation from the Malaysian-Malay SF-36v2. The Brunei-Malay SF-36v2 was then self-administered to a sample of healthy individuals (n=95) and predialysis chronic kidney disease outpatients (n=95) resident in Brunei. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 46.6 (17.8) years. Results: Data completion rate was 100% with minimal floor effects (≤0.21) in all the 8 domains and >15% ceiling effects in 3 of the 8 domain scales. Cronbach’s alpha was >0.70 for all the 8 domain scales. Scaling success was 100% for conv...
To determine the average health-related quality of life (HRQOL) score levels and their determinan... more To determine the average health-related quality of life (HRQOL) score levels and their determinants in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant observational studies published between April 2007 and April 2017 in MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL databases. Thirteen observational studies with a total sample of 8635 subjects comprising 53.3% male with an aggregate mean age of 59.5 (SD 14.9) years were included in this review. Of the 8 generic HRQOL domains of the Short-Form Health Surveys, Social Functioning had the highest mean score whereas General Health had the lowest mean score in patients with predialysis CKD. Physical component summary (PCS) was more impaired than mental component summary (MCS). The determinants of poor HRQOL in predialysis CKD patients included both modifiable risk factors such as comorbidities (namely anxiety and depression), low serum hemoglobin level, sedentary lifestyle, unemployment an...
This study aimed to compare the quality of life based on the Short Form-36 (SF-36) between two di... more This study aimed to compare the quality of life based on the Short Form-36 (SF-36) between two different groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with glycaemic control: those with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level at or below 7.5 percent and those above 7.5 percent. In this cross-sectional study, a generic SF-36 questionnaire was self-administered to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the HbA1c level, the mean SF-36 scale scores were compared. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain the adjusted mean scores of the SF-36 scales while controlling for age and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analysed. There were 63 (42 percent) women and 87 (58 percent) men, and their mean HbA1c level was 8.9 percent (SD 2.4 percent). When comparing the two groups of patients with different HbA1c levels, the adjusted means of four scales: physical health functioning, general health, social functioning and mental health,...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2007
The objective of this case-control study was to determine the association between herbal medicine... more The objective of this case-control study was to determine the association between herbal medicine use during pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Tumpat District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Cases were mothers who gave birth from June 2002 to June 2005 with a history of perinatal mortality, while controls were those without a history of perinatal infant mortality. A total of 316 mothers (106 cases and 210 controls) were interviewed. The use of unidentified herbs prepared by traditional midwives and other types of herbal medicines during the first trimester of pregnancy were positively associated with perinatal mortality (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 1.13; 24.23 and OR = 8.90, 95%, CI = 1.35; 58.53, respectively). The use of unidentified "Orang Asli" herbs and coconut oil during the third trimester of pregnancy were negatively associated with perinatal mortality in Tumpat (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02; 0.59 and OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.92, respectively). These findings suggest the use of uni...
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2008
The purpose of this study was to determine the sawmill workers' knowledge, attitude and pract... more The purpose of this study was to determine the sawmill workers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in relation to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 83 workers from 3 factories in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Questionnaires were distributed to obtain the socio-demography, knowledge, attitude and practice level in relation to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The weak areas identified in the knowledge section were treatment aspects (15.5%), signs and symptoms of NIHL (20.2%) and risk factors (31%). As for attitude; the prevention aspects were the lowest (25.3%), followed by risk taking attitude (26.2%), and causes of hearing loss (42.1%). Overall, the practice was not encouraging at all. It is important to have an education program to raise workers' awareness and to improve their attitude and practices towards noise-induced hearing loss.
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2008
Tooth wear is the non-carious loss of tooth tissue, which results from three processes namely att... more Tooth wear is the non-carious loss of tooth tissue, which results from three processes namely attrition, erosion and abrasion. These can occur in isolation or simultaneously. Very mild tooth wear is a physiological effect of aging. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of tooth wear among 16-year old Malay school children and determine a feasible sample size for further study. Fifty-five subjects were examined clinically, followed by the completion of self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires consisted of socio-demographic and associated variables for tooth wear obtained from the literature. The Smith and Knight tooth wear index was used to chart tooth wear. Other oral findings were recorded using the WHO criteria. A software programme was used to determine pathological tooth wear. About equal ratio of male to female were involved. It was found that 18.2% of subjects have no tooth wear, 63.6% had very mild tooth wear, 10.9% mild tooth wear, 5.5% moderate tooth wear and 1...
The aims were to develop and validate a new Prescription Quality Index (PQI) for the measurement ... more The aims were to develop and validate a new Prescription Quality Index (PQI) for the measurement of prescription quality in chronic diseases. The PQI were developed and validated based on three separate surveys and one pilot study. Criteria were developed based on literature search, discussions and brainstorming sessions. Validity of the criteria was examined using modified Delphi method. Pre-testing was performed on 30 patients suffering from chronic diseases. The modified version was then subjected to reviews by pharmacists and clinicians in two separate surveys. The rater-based PQI with 22 criteria was then piloted in 120 patients with chronic illnesses. Results were analysed using SPSS version 12.0.1 Exploratory principal components analysis revealed multiple factors contributing to prescription quality. Cronbach's α for the entire 22 criteria was 0.60. The average intra-rater and inter-rater reliability showed good to moderate stability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.76 and 0.52, respectively). The PQI was significantly and negatively correlated with age (correlation coefficient -0.34,…
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