This paper explores the urban land cover changes in Kathmandu city area in the past one and half ... more This paper explores the urban land cover changes in Kathmandu city area in the past one and half decades. Multi-temporal satellite images and spatial metrics were used to quantify the land cover changes. The study area was setup to 10x10 km covering the Kathmandu metropolitan area. After pre-processing the satellite images, supervised classification with maximum likelihood classifier was applied to create thematic urban land cover maps. Random sampling method was used to create geographic points for each thematic map to assess the accuracy of the maps. Five land use classes: urban builtup area, cultivated land, orchard, water and natural vegetation were identified. For detecting land cover changes quantitatively, a land use land cover conversion matrix was computed between the year 1989- 1999 and 1999-2005. Spatial metrics (patch density, largest patch index, edge density, Euclidian nearest neighbor mean, contagion index and area weighted mean patch fractal dimension index) were com...
In search of synthetically accessible open-ring analogs of PD144418 or 5-(1-propyl-1,2,5,6-tetrah... more In search of synthetically accessible open-ring analogs of PD144418 or 5-(1-propyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)isoxazole, a highly potent sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) ligand, we herein report the design and synthesis of sixteen arylated acyl urea derivatives. Design aspects included modeling the target compounds for drug-likeness, docking at σ1R crystal structure 5HK1, and contrasting the lower energy molecular conformers with that of the receptor-embedded PD144418—a molecule we opined that our compounds could mimic pharmacologically. Synthesis of our acyl urea target compounds was achieved in two facile steps which involved first generating the N-(phenoxycarbonyl) benzamide intermediate and then coupling it with the appropriate amines weakly to strongly nucleophilic amines. Two potential leads (compounds 10 and 12, with respective in vitro σ1R binding affinities of 2.18 and 9.54 μM) emerged from this series. These leads will undergo further structure optimization with the ...
The electron transfer process between pentammineaquacobalt (III) and hexacyanoferrate (II), [Co(N... more The electron transfer process between pentammineaquacobalt (III) and hexacyanoferrate (II), [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/Fe(CN)6]4− ion pair was investigated in water/dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/Isooctane reverse micelles. The study observed that the electron transfer rate depends on the size of the reverse micelles. The concentrations of Fe (II) ions were varied in different-sized (Wo) reverse micelles of Wo = [H2O]/[AOT] = 10 to 30, but the concentration of Co (III) ions was kept constant. The rate of electron transfer in the ion pair [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/[Fe(CN)6]4− increased with decreasing size (Wo) of reverse micelles. The smallest reverse micelles Wo = 10 demonstrated the fastest electron transfer rate, and the biggest Wo = 30 reverse micelles showed the slowest electron transfer rate. The change of reaction environment and the location of the reactants in the reverse micelles due to confinement are considered the factors responsible for the results.
Supported by the MacArthur Foundation, ICIMOD undertook a series of research activities together ... more Supported by the MacArthur Foundation, ICIMOD undertook a series of research activities together with partners in the Eastern Himalayas from 2007 to 2008 to provide a preliminary assessment of the impacts and vulnerability of this region to climate change. Activities included rapid surveys at country level, thematic workshops, interaction with stakeholders at national and regional levels, and development of technical papers by individual experts in collaboration with institutions that synthesised the available information on the region. A summary of the findings of the rapid assessment was published in 2009. The present publication is one of six technical papers used in the assessment. The main synthesis report is being published separately.
fish handling quality and processing training and, training of trainers on the ecowas regional bo... more fish handling quality and processing training and, training of trainers on the ecowas regional border, plan international usa trainers for development manual, training of trainers tot manual wsscc, creating a trainers manual international training and, training manual volunteering australia, manual for training of trainers jica , training policies and procedures manual, module 14 training of trainers pathfinder org, guide for trainers accu, train the trainer manual chicago state university, instructors reference manual unece, training trainers manual samsungml1660toner com, training of trainers manual publications iom int, how to create effective training manuals hpandt com, 3 ways to write a training manual wikihow, designing a training manual wikibooks open books for an, training of trainers equitas, free training resources energiser activities uk online, trainer manual climate finance readiness training, farmer field school methodology training of trainers manual, t4tonline train...
Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 2021
The innovative transformation in geospatial information technology (GIT) and Earth observation (E... more The innovative transformation in geospatial information technology (GIT) and Earth observation (EO) data provides a significant opportunity to study the Earth’s environment and enables an advanced understanding of natural and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems at the local, regional, and global levels (Thapa et al. in Carbon Balance Manag 10(23):1–13, 2015; Flores et al. in SAR handbook: comprehensive methodologies for forest monitoring and biomass estimation. NASA Publication, 2019; Leibrand et al. in Front Environ Sci 7:123, 2019; Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_1). The major advantages of these technologies can be briefly categorized into five broad areas: multidisciplinary; innovative and emerging; providing platforms for analysis, modelling, and visualization; capability to support decision-making; and impact on policies.
Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 2021
In the first phase, SERVIR-HKH placed high importance on developing application products and tool... more In the first phase, SERVIR-HKH placed high importance on developing application products and tools to demonstrate the usefulness of earth observation (EO) and geospatial information in supporting decision-making on various thematic areas including land cover mapping, forest fire monitoring, agriculture and food security, disasters, and air quality monitoring (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_1).
Flooding is a key driver of floodplain vegetation productivity. Adaptive cycles provide a model f... more Flooding is a key driver of floodplain vegetation productivity. Adaptive cycles provide a model for examining the productivity of semi-arid floodplain vegetation in response to hydrology. We examined the response of vegetation productivity (measured as NDVI) through a hypothesized adaptive cycle to determine if the cycle repeats over time and how it is affected by different sized flood events. The area of floodplain inundation was associated with an adaptive cycle that repeated in four flood events through phases of wetting (exploitation phase), wet (conservation phase), drying (release phase) and dry (reorganisation phase). Vegetation productivity responses corresponded to these phases. The area and quality of floodplain vegetation productivity followed the hypothesised pattern of higher quality vegetation vigour in the wetting and wet phases, lower vigour in the drying phase and lowest vigour in the dry phase. There were more transitions between NDVI classes in the wet phase, whic...
Efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in tropical Asia require ac... more Efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in tropical Asia require accurate high-resolution mapping of forest carbon stocks and predictions of their likely future variation. Here we combine radar and LiDAR with field measurements to create a high-resolution aboveground forest carbon stock (AFCS) map and use spatial modeling to present probable future AFCS changes for the Riau province of central Sumatra. Our map provides spatially explicit estimates of the AFCS with an accuracy of ±23.5 Mg C ha(-1). According to this map, the natural forests in the province currently store 265 million Mg C, with a density of 72 Mg C ha(-1), as aboveground biomass. Using a spatially explicit modeling technique we derived time-series AFCS maps up to the year 2030 under three forest policy scenarios: business as usual, conservation, and concession. The spatial patterns of AFCS and their trends under different scenarios vary on a local scale, and some areas are highlighted th...
In this paper the joint effect of source of radiation and triaxial rigid body has been studied. T... more In this paper the joint effect of source of radiation and triaxial rigid body has been studied. The energy of Sitnikov's restricted three body problem when primaries are sources of radiation and energy of Sitnikov's restricted problem of three bodies when primaries are triaxial rigid bodies have been studied to calculate the joint effect. Equation of motion of the third body of infitesimal mass, if primaries are sources of radiation and triaxial rigid bodies, are calculated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11707BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 53-58
This paper explores the urban land cover changes in Kathmandu city area in the past one and half ... more This paper explores the urban land cover changes in Kathmandu city area in the past one and half decades. Multi-temporal satellite images and spatial metrics were used to quantify the land cover changes. The study area was setup to 10x10 km covering the Kathmandu metropolitan area. After pre-processing the satellite images, supervised classification with maximum likelihood classifier was applied to create thematic urban land cover maps. Random sampling method was used to create geographic points for each thematic map to assess the accuracy of the maps. Five land use classes: urban builtup area, cultivated land, orchard, water and natural vegetation were identified. For detecting land cover changes quantitatively, a land use land cover conversion matrix was computed between the year 1989- 1999 and 1999-2005. Spatial metrics (patch density, largest patch index, edge density, Euclidian nearest neighbor mean, contagion index and area weighted mean patch fractal dimension index) were com...
In search of synthetically accessible open-ring analogs of PD144418 or 5-(1-propyl-1,2,5,6-tetrah... more In search of synthetically accessible open-ring analogs of PD144418 or 5-(1-propyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)isoxazole, a highly potent sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) ligand, we herein report the design and synthesis of sixteen arylated acyl urea derivatives. Design aspects included modeling the target compounds for drug-likeness, docking at σ1R crystal structure 5HK1, and contrasting the lower energy molecular conformers with that of the receptor-embedded PD144418—a molecule we opined that our compounds could mimic pharmacologically. Synthesis of our acyl urea target compounds was achieved in two facile steps which involved first generating the N-(phenoxycarbonyl) benzamide intermediate and then coupling it with the appropriate amines weakly to strongly nucleophilic amines. Two potential leads (compounds 10 and 12, with respective in vitro σ1R binding affinities of 2.18 and 9.54 μM) emerged from this series. These leads will undergo further structure optimization with the ...
The electron transfer process between pentammineaquacobalt (III) and hexacyanoferrate (II), [Co(N... more The electron transfer process between pentammineaquacobalt (III) and hexacyanoferrate (II), [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/Fe(CN)6]4− ion pair was investigated in water/dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/Isooctane reverse micelles. The study observed that the electron transfer rate depends on the size of the reverse micelles. The concentrations of Fe (II) ions were varied in different-sized (Wo) reverse micelles of Wo = [H2O]/[AOT] = 10 to 30, but the concentration of Co (III) ions was kept constant. The rate of electron transfer in the ion pair [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/[Fe(CN)6]4− increased with decreasing size (Wo) of reverse micelles. The smallest reverse micelles Wo = 10 demonstrated the fastest electron transfer rate, and the biggest Wo = 30 reverse micelles showed the slowest electron transfer rate. The change of reaction environment and the location of the reactants in the reverse micelles due to confinement are considered the factors responsible for the results.
Supported by the MacArthur Foundation, ICIMOD undertook a series of research activities together ... more Supported by the MacArthur Foundation, ICIMOD undertook a series of research activities together with partners in the Eastern Himalayas from 2007 to 2008 to provide a preliminary assessment of the impacts and vulnerability of this region to climate change. Activities included rapid surveys at country level, thematic workshops, interaction with stakeholders at national and regional levels, and development of technical papers by individual experts in collaboration with institutions that synthesised the available information on the region. A summary of the findings of the rapid assessment was published in 2009. The present publication is one of six technical papers used in the assessment. The main synthesis report is being published separately.
fish handling quality and processing training and, training of trainers on the ecowas regional bo... more fish handling quality and processing training and, training of trainers on the ecowas regional border, plan international usa trainers for development manual, training of trainers tot manual wsscc, creating a trainers manual international training and, training manual volunteering australia, manual for training of trainers jica , training policies and procedures manual, module 14 training of trainers pathfinder org, guide for trainers accu, train the trainer manual chicago state university, instructors reference manual unece, training trainers manual samsungml1660toner com, training of trainers manual publications iom int, how to create effective training manuals hpandt com, 3 ways to write a training manual wikihow, designing a training manual wikibooks open books for an, training of trainers equitas, free training resources energiser activities uk online, trainer manual climate finance readiness training, farmer field school methodology training of trainers manual, t4tonline train...
Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 2021
The innovative transformation in geospatial information technology (GIT) and Earth observation (E... more The innovative transformation in geospatial information technology (GIT) and Earth observation (EO) data provides a significant opportunity to study the Earth’s environment and enables an advanced understanding of natural and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems at the local, regional, and global levels (Thapa et al. in Carbon Balance Manag 10(23):1–13, 2015; Flores et al. in SAR handbook: comprehensive methodologies for forest monitoring and biomass estimation. NASA Publication, 2019; Leibrand et al. in Front Environ Sci 7:123, 2019; Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_1). The major advantages of these technologies can be briefly categorized into five broad areas: multidisciplinary; innovative and emerging; providing platforms for analysis, modelling, and visualization; capability to support decision-making; and impact on policies.
Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 2021
In the first phase, SERVIR-HKH placed high importance on developing application products and tool... more In the first phase, SERVIR-HKH placed high importance on developing application products and tools to demonstrate the usefulness of earth observation (EO) and geospatial information in supporting decision-making on various thematic areas including land cover mapping, forest fire monitoring, agriculture and food security, disasters, and air quality monitoring (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_1).
Flooding is a key driver of floodplain vegetation productivity. Adaptive cycles provide a model f... more Flooding is a key driver of floodplain vegetation productivity. Adaptive cycles provide a model for examining the productivity of semi-arid floodplain vegetation in response to hydrology. We examined the response of vegetation productivity (measured as NDVI) through a hypothesized adaptive cycle to determine if the cycle repeats over time and how it is affected by different sized flood events. The area of floodplain inundation was associated with an adaptive cycle that repeated in four flood events through phases of wetting (exploitation phase), wet (conservation phase), drying (release phase) and dry (reorganisation phase). Vegetation productivity responses corresponded to these phases. The area and quality of floodplain vegetation productivity followed the hypothesised pattern of higher quality vegetation vigour in the wetting and wet phases, lower vigour in the drying phase and lowest vigour in the dry phase. There were more transitions between NDVI classes in the wet phase, whic...
Efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in tropical Asia require ac... more Efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in tropical Asia require accurate high-resolution mapping of forest carbon stocks and predictions of their likely future variation. Here we combine radar and LiDAR with field measurements to create a high-resolution aboveground forest carbon stock (AFCS) map and use spatial modeling to present probable future AFCS changes for the Riau province of central Sumatra. Our map provides spatially explicit estimates of the AFCS with an accuracy of ±23.5 Mg C ha(-1). According to this map, the natural forests in the province currently store 265 million Mg C, with a density of 72 Mg C ha(-1), as aboveground biomass. Using a spatially explicit modeling technique we derived time-series AFCS maps up to the year 2030 under three forest policy scenarios: business as usual, conservation, and concession. The spatial patterns of AFCS and their trends under different scenarios vary on a local scale, and some areas are highlighted th...
In this paper the joint effect of source of radiation and triaxial rigid body has been studied. T... more In this paper the joint effect of source of radiation and triaxial rigid body has been studied. The energy of Sitnikov's restricted three body problem when primaries are sources of radiation and energy of Sitnikov's restricted problem of three bodies when primaries are triaxial rigid bodies have been studied to calculate the joint effect. Equation of motion of the third body of infitesimal mass, if primaries are sources of radiation and triaxial rigid bodies, are calculated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11707BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 53-58
Uploads
Papers by Rajesh Thapa