Peas and field beans as feeds for monogastric animals in organic farming have a high feeding qual... more Peas and field beans as feeds for monogastric animals in organic farming have a high feeding quality particularly in consideration of protein content and amino acid profile.Beside this the native contents of crude protein and amino acids cystine, methionine and lysine in organic peas and field beans vary considerably related to genetic and environmental factors.20 peas and 12 field beans cultivars from different locations in Germany were selected to analyse the variance of the factor variety on contents of protein and amino acids. Significant effects of variety in peas were noticed on crude protein and methionine while cysteine and lysine were not or only marginally influenced. In field beans only crude protein was affected by variety. In both crops a weak positive correlation between crude protein and amino acids were observed.Increasing crude protein content by selection of varieties can lead to a decrease of protein quality in terms of amino acid profile.For calculating the diet of organic livestock it may be helpful to analyse and communicate in addition to crude nutrients the content of amino acids in feedstuffs. Einleitung und Zielsetzung Eine optimale Versorgung von Monogastriern mit den empfohlenen Mengen an Rohprotein und essentiellen Aminosäuren aus ökologisch erzeugten Futtermitteln kann gegenwärtig nur bedingt erfüllt werden (Abraham 2012). Zu den Ursachen zählen u.a. umwelt-und genetisch bedingte Schwankungen in den Rohprotein-und Aminosäuregehalten der Sorten einer Kultur. Deutliche Abweichungen in den Gehalten der Rohnährstoffe zwischen konventionell und ökologisch erzeugten Futtermitteln beschränken zudem die Verwendung von Analysedaten konventionell erzeugter Futtermittel für die Futterrationsberechnung im ökologischen Landbau (Böhm et al. 2007). Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung war es zu ermitteln, inwieweit die genetische Variabilität in ökologisch angebauten Futtererbsen und Ackerbohnen einen Einfluss auf den Rohproteingehalt und auf die Gehalte der in der Ernährung von Monogastriern limitierenden Aminosäuren Cystein, Methionin und Lysin hat. Gewonnene Kenntnisse können einen entscheidenden Beitrag für die optimierte Rationsgestaltung in der Ernährung von Monogastriern im ökologischen Landbau leisten.
Blue lupins have become more important in animal feeding due to increasing organic animal husband... more Blue lupins have become more important in animal feeding due to increasing organic animal husbandry. They have a low starch content, a high protein content and the best protein quality of the home-grown grain legumes. The feed quality of blue lupins can be analysed by NIRS very quickly and cost-efficiently. Weed infestation in pure stands of blue lupin is often a problem. Mixed cropping systems are a good alternative for weed suppression, but the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cultivation is low. Weed infestation can be reduced by hoeing. Therefore the cultivation of blue lupins with the possibility of hoeing in the wider row distances (25.0 cm, 37.5 cm), were compared to 12.5 cm row distance (only currying). Field experiments were conducted in combinations with two different cultivars (Boruta, determinate type), Bora (branched type) and two seeding rates (normal: 100% and reduced: 75% of the seeding rate). The results show a significant effect of the factors year, cultiva...
In organic farming, the use of synthetically produced amino acids is not permitted and as of the ... more In organic farming, the use of synthetically produced amino acids is not permitted and as of the year 2011, EU-Reg. 2092/91 requires the exclusive use of organically pro-duced animal feedstuffs. The amino acids requirements must be satisfied with the protein rich feed components. Therefore, the content of protein and amino acids was determined in different grain legumes such as peas, field beans, white and blue lu-pines and some cereals (oat, barley and wheat). The well-defined material from the years 2002-2005 came from field trials at the experimental farm of the Institute of Organic Farming (FAL) in Trenthorst. The data were compared with standard values from the literature. The deviations of data on protein and amino acids for conven¬tionally and the organically grown feedstuffs were clear. For the calculation of the feed rations in the organic livestock husbandry the standard tabular values are not suffi-cient. But there are also clear deviations to the tabular values of organi...
The demand for organic oil seed rape is very high. The reason is, rape oil plays an important rol... more The demand for organic oil seed rape is very high. The reason is, rape oil plays an important role in human nutrition and rape cake in animal nutrition. The range of varia- tion in the quality of oil seed rape required a fast and easy analytical method for the determination of the main ingredients. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is known for its rapidity and accuracy and may become a useful tool in predicting the quality of organic growing oil seed rape. The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the ability of NIRS to predict the content of oil and fatty acids in full fat oil seed rape without any preparation. Spectra from 125 rape samples were scanned in the spectral range from 1000 to 2500 nm and used to develop NIRS equations. Two-third of the samples were used in the calibration set and the remaining samples in the validation set. NIRS equations were calculated by partial least square regression and different pretreat- ments of spectra. Prediction was successful for oil c...
The EU-VO 889/2008 sets the year 2012 as the deadline for the exclusive use of organically produc... more The EU-VO 889/2008 sets the year 2012 as the deadline for the exclusive use of organically produced feedstuffs. Protein and amino acid requirements must then be satisfied with local protein-rich feeds. Analytical data of organic feeds, as compared with conventional table ...
The aim of this investigation was to optimise the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed croppi... more The aim of this investigation was to optimise the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Northern Germany (Institute of Organic Farming near Hamburg and Institute of Plant and Soil Science at Braunschweig). Two types of blue lupins, the determinate and branched type were cultivated together with spring barley, spring wheat or fodder peas in different seeding ratios (SR): 50% : 50%, 62,5% : 37,5 % and 75% : 25% of the respective pure cropping seeding rate. We present data on total grain yield, yield of blue lupins, yield percentage of blue lupins, protein content, and protein yield. Total grain yield decreased with increasing SR of blue lupins whereas, in contrast, the yield of blue lupins, protein content and protein yield increased. This shows the low competitive ability of blue lupins against the mixed cropping partners, particularly cereals. Therefore, the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cropping wi...
During the years 2007 to 2009 the potato cultivation was checked on 282 organically man-aged pota... more During the years 2007 to 2009 the potato cultivation was checked on 282 organically man-aged potato fields with the three waxy varieties Princess, Nicola and Ditta in Nor thern and Southern Germany. For this, cultivation and quality data were collected and fed in a web-based ...
Six Vicia sativa varieties were cultivated in the year 2011 in northern Germany in pure stand and... more Six Vicia sativa varieties were cultivated in the year 2011 in northern Germany in pure stand and in different seed ratios in mixed cropping with oat. Parameters of yield differentiated to V. sativa and oat as well as yield performance and weed development were assessed. Results showed a better yield performance of V. sativa compared to other grain legumes. The harvest of V. sativa in pure stand with the combine is not advised because of the low resistance to lodging. A mixed cropping of V. sativa and oat with 50 % of the seed rates of pure stand showed for the most tested varieties the highest yield of V. sativa and total yield of V. sativa and oat.
... Sor-ten Agria und Ma-rena; die Sorten Sonate und Be-luga lagen eben-falls über dem Durchschni... more ... Sor-ten Agria und Ma-rena; die Sorten Sonate und Be-luga lagen eben-falls über dem Durchschnittser-trag (Tab. 2). Für die Verarbeitung zu Pommes frites werden TM-Ge-halte von um die 22 % gefordert. Die Sorten Velox, Nora, Laura und Marena wiesen etwas geringere ...
Der Anbau und die Verarbeitung von Kartoffeln zu Veredelungsprodukten hat sich im ökologischen La... more Der Anbau und die Verarbeitung von Kartoffeln zu Veredelungsprodukten hat sich im ökologischen Landbau im geringen Umfang etabliert. Zudem steigt die Nachfrage nach Convenience-Produkten wie Chips und Pommes frites. Bei einem an die Bedingungen ...
HBöhm, AGronle, KBuchecker, WDreyer, CLandzettel, SMahnke-PLESKER Multiple Regressionsanalysen 12... more HBöhm, AGronle, KBuchecker, WDreyer, CLandzettel, SMahnke-PLESKER Multiple Regressionsanalysen 129 Bestimmungsfaktoren für den Ertrag sowie die Qualitäts-ausbildung von ökologisch erzeugten Kartoffeln unter Verwendung der multiplen Regressionsanalyse HERWART BÖHM 1, ...
The performance of organic pea production largely depends on preventive and cultural control stra... more The performance of organic pea production largely depends on preventive and cultural control strategies for weeds and pests. Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of intercropping a normal-leafed (cv. E.F.B. 33) or a semi-leafless, early-flowering winter pea (cv. James) and triticale on the infestation with annual weeds, pea aphids and moths in comparison to the respective sole crops. Also, shallow ploughing (10 to 12 cm) vs. deep ploughing (25 to 27 cm) was investigated with regard to an infestation with annual weeds. The higher weed suppressive ability of normal-leafed winter pea cv. E.F.B. 33 compared with semi-leafless cv. James was due to a lower light transmission to the weed canopy level. In contrast to E.F.B. 33, intercropping James significantly reduced the weed infestation compared to the respective sole crop. The ploughing system had no significant effect on the weed infestation in crops differing in their ability to suppress annual weeds. Sole crops were found to have higher pea aphid density, incidence and cumulative aphid-days than the corresponding intercrops. Intercropping winter peas and triticale, however, was not beneficial in reducing an infestation with pea moths.
Peas and field beans as feeds for monogastric animals in organic farming have a high feeding qual... more Peas and field beans as feeds for monogastric animals in organic farming have a high feeding quality particularly in consideration of protein content and amino acid profile.Beside this the native contents of crude protein and amino acids cystine, methionine and lysine in organic peas and field beans vary considerably related to genetic and environmental factors.20 peas and 12 field beans cultivars from different locations in Germany were selected to analyse the variance of the factor variety on contents of protein and amino acids. Significant effects of variety in peas were noticed on crude protein and methionine while cysteine and lysine were not or only marginally influenced. In field beans only crude protein was affected by variety. In both crops a weak positive correlation between crude protein and amino acids were observed.Increasing crude protein content by selection of varieties can lead to a decrease of protein quality in terms of amino acid profile.For calculating the diet of organic livestock it may be helpful to analyse and communicate in addition to crude nutrients the content of amino acids in feedstuffs. Einleitung und Zielsetzung Eine optimale Versorgung von Monogastriern mit den empfohlenen Mengen an Rohprotein und essentiellen Aminosäuren aus ökologisch erzeugten Futtermitteln kann gegenwärtig nur bedingt erfüllt werden (Abraham 2012). Zu den Ursachen zählen u.a. umwelt-und genetisch bedingte Schwankungen in den Rohprotein-und Aminosäuregehalten der Sorten einer Kultur. Deutliche Abweichungen in den Gehalten der Rohnährstoffe zwischen konventionell und ökologisch erzeugten Futtermitteln beschränken zudem die Verwendung von Analysedaten konventionell erzeugter Futtermittel für die Futterrationsberechnung im ökologischen Landbau (Böhm et al. 2007). Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung war es zu ermitteln, inwieweit die genetische Variabilität in ökologisch angebauten Futtererbsen und Ackerbohnen einen Einfluss auf den Rohproteingehalt und auf die Gehalte der in der Ernährung von Monogastriern limitierenden Aminosäuren Cystein, Methionin und Lysin hat. Gewonnene Kenntnisse können einen entscheidenden Beitrag für die optimierte Rationsgestaltung in der Ernährung von Monogastriern im ökologischen Landbau leisten.
Blue lupins have become more important in animal feeding due to increasing organic animal husband... more Blue lupins have become more important in animal feeding due to increasing organic animal husbandry. They have a low starch content, a high protein content and the best protein quality of the home-grown grain legumes. The feed quality of blue lupins can be analysed by NIRS very quickly and cost-efficiently. Weed infestation in pure stands of blue lupin is often a problem. Mixed cropping systems are a good alternative for weed suppression, but the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cultivation is low. Weed infestation can be reduced by hoeing. Therefore the cultivation of blue lupins with the possibility of hoeing in the wider row distances (25.0 cm, 37.5 cm), were compared to 12.5 cm row distance (only currying). Field experiments were conducted in combinations with two different cultivars (Boruta, determinate type), Bora (branched type) and two seeding rates (normal: 100% and reduced: 75% of the seeding rate). The results show a significant effect of the factors year, cultiva...
In organic farming, the use of synthetically produced amino acids is not permitted and as of the ... more In organic farming, the use of synthetically produced amino acids is not permitted and as of the year 2011, EU-Reg. 2092/91 requires the exclusive use of organically pro-duced animal feedstuffs. The amino acids requirements must be satisfied with the protein rich feed components. Therefore, the content of protein and amino acids was determined in different grain legumes such as peas, field beans, white and blue lu-pines and some cereals (oat, barley and wheat). The well-defined material from the years 2002-2005 came from field trials at the experimental farm of the Institute of Organic Farming (FAL) in Trenthorst. The data were compared with standard values from the literature. The deviations of data on protein and amino acids for conven¬tionally and the organically grown feedstuffs were clear. For the calculation of the feed rations in the organic livestock husbandry the standard tabular values are not suffi-cient. But there are also clear deviations to the tabular values of organi...
The demand for organic oil seed rape is very high. The reason is, rape oil plays an important rol... more The demand for organic oil seed rape is very high. The reason is, rape oil plays an important role in human nutrition and rape cake in animal nutrition. The range of varia- tion in the quality of oil seed rape required a fast and easy analytical method for the determination of the main ingredients. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is known for its rapidity and accuracy and may become a useful tool in predicting the quality of organic growing oil seed rape. The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the ability of NIRS to predict the content of oil and fatty acids in full fat oil seed rape without any preparation. Spectra from 125 rape samples were scanned in the spectral range from 1000 to 2500 nm and used to develop NIRS equations. Two-third of the samples were used in the calibration set and the remaining samples in the validation set. NIRS equations were calculated by partial least square regression and different pretreat- ments of spectra. Prediction was successful for oil c...
The EU-VO 889/2008 sets the year 2012 as the deadline for the exclusive use of organically produc... more The EU-VO 889/2008 sets the year 2012 as the deadline for the exclusive use of organically produced feedstuffs. Protein and amino acid requirements must then be satisfied with local protein-rich feeds. Analytical data of organic feeds, as compared with conventional table ...
The aim of this investigation was to optimise the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed croppi... more The aim of this investigation was to optimise the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Northern Germany (Institute of Organic Farming near Hamburg and Institute of Plant and Soil Science at Braunschweig). Two types of blue lupins, the determinate and branched type were cultivated together with spring barley, spring wheat or fodder peas in different seeding ratios (SR): 50% : 50%, 62,5% : 37,5 % and 75% : 25% of the respective pure cropping seeding rate. We present data on total grain yield, yield of blue lupins, yield percentage of blue lupins, protein content, and protein yield. Total grain yield decreased with increasing SR of blue lupins whereas, in contrast, the yield of blue lupins, protein content and protein yield increased. This shows the low competitive ability of blue lupins against the mixed cropping partners, particularly cereals. Therefore, the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cropping wi...
During the years 2007 to 2009 the potato cultivation was checked on 282 organically man-aged pota... more During the years 2007 to 2009 the potato cultivation was checked on 282 organically man-aged potato fields with the three waxy varieties Princess, Nicola and Ditta in Nor thern and Southern Germany. For this, cultivation and quality data were collected and fed in a web-based ...
Six Vicia sativa varieties were cultivated in the year 2011 in northern Germany in pure stand and... more Six Vicia sativa varieties were cultivated in the year 2011 in northern Germany in pure stand and in different seed ratios in mixed cropping with oat. Parameters of yield differentiated to V. sativa and oat as well as yield performance and weed development were assessed. Results showed a better yield performance of V. sativa compared to other grain legumes. The harvest of V. sativa in pure stand with the combine is not advised because of the low resistance to lodging. A mixed cropping of V. sativa and oat with 50 % of the seed rates of pure stand showed for the most tested varieties the highest yield of V. sativa and total yield of V. sativa and oat.
... Sor-ten Agria und Ma-rena; die Sorten Sonate und Be-luga lagen eben-falls über dem Durchschni... more ... Sor-ten Agria und Ma-rena; die Sorten Sonate und Be-luga lagen eben-falls über dem Durchschnittser-trag (Tab. 2). Für die Verarbeitung zu Pommes frites werden TM-Ge-halte von um die 22 % gefordert. Die Sorten Velox, Nora, Laura und Marena wiesen etwas geringere ...
Der Anbau und die Verarbeitung von Kartoffeln zu Veredelungsprodukten hat sich im ökologischen La... more Der Anbau und die Verarbeitung von Kartoffeln zu Veredelungsprodukten hat sich im ökologischen Landbau im geringen Umfang etabliert. Zudem steigt die Nachfrage nach Convenience-Produkten wie Chips und Pommes frites. Bei einem an die Bedingungen ...
HBöhm, AGronle, KBuchecker, WDreyer, CLandzettel, SMahnke-PLESKER Multiple Regressionsanalysen 12... more HBöhm, AGronle, KBuchecker, WDreyer, CLandzettel, SMahnke-PLESKER Multiple Regressionsanalysen 129 Bestimmungsfaktoren für den Ertrag sowie die Qualitäts-ausbildung von ökologisch erzeugten Kartoffeln unter Verwendung der multiplen Regressionsanalyse HERWART BÖHM 1, ...
The performance of organic pea production largely depends on preventive and cultural control stra... more The performance of organic pea production largely depends on preventive and cultural control strategies for weeds and pests. Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of intercropping a normal-leafed (cv. E.F.B. 33) or a semi-leafless, early-flowering winter pea (cv. James) and triticale on the infestation with annual weeds, pea aphids and moths in comparison to the respective sole crops. Also, shallow ploughing (10 to 12 cm) vs. deep ploughing (25 to 27 cm) was investigated with regard to an infestation with annual weeds. The higher weed suppressive ability of normal-leafed winter pea cv. E.F.B. 33 compared with semi-leafless cv. James was due to a lower light transmission to the weed canopy level. In contrast to E.F.B. 33, intercropping James significantly reduced the weed infestation compared to the respective sole crop. The ploughing system had no significant effect on the weed infestation in crops differing in their ability to suppress annual weeds. Sole crops were found to have higher pea aphid density, incidence and cumulative aphid-days than the corresponding intercrops. Intercropping winter peas and triticale, however, was not beneficial in reducing an infestation with pea moths.
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