This study was to develop a novel solubility model for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium (S... more This study was to develop a novel solubility model for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) behavior of the selected phytochemicals in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (locally known as misai kucing) i.e. Sinensetin, Eupatorin, and Tetramethylscutellarein, for more efficient solvent screening. The objectives of this proposed study include establishing a startup physicochemical property database for phytochemicals, developing a novel SLE prediction model for herbal system, and discovering more compatible solvents for selected phytochemicals via modelling approach. In this study, SLE, normal melting points and normal enthalpy of fusion data of the chosen phytochemicals and similar compounds were compiled as database for parameter estimation and model validation. For the pure component properties, Marrero-Gani model and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model were considered whereas for the activity coefficient (mixture property) prediction KT-NIST-UNIFAC and Modi...
There has been growing interest in developing Locally Integrated Energy Sectors (LIES) as a Proce... more There has been growing interest in developing Locally Integrated Energy Sectors (LIES) as a Process (Heat) Integration approach for synergising the industrial thermal energy systems that include renewable energy resources with urban (i.e. civic, residential, business and service complexes). The aim is to enhance the regional energy efficiency and minimise greenhouse gas (including carbon) emissions. However, a comprehensive planning and design framework is crucial at the onset of its development, which is accounting for supply and demand sides, but there have been limited works directed to this scope to date. For the development of such framework, this paper reviews the energy consumption targeting methodologies via Total Site Heat Integration for estimating and designing the capacity of the utility have been reviewed in this work, inclusive of both insight-based Pinch Analysis and mathematical modelling approaches. As a final outcome of the review, suggestions are provided for investigating key factors for integration of industrial, residential, commercial, institutional and service energy systems, maximising the integration and reuse of waste and low potential heat, including renewables to boost sustainability aspects. The review of methodologies for energy system integration is followed by identification of research directions that deserve future attention, refinement and development.
An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system opti... more An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system optimisation techniques is presented in this review paper. The objective is to compare different aspects of these two broad classes of DG optimisation techniques, explore their applications, and identify potential research directions from reviewed studies. Introductory descriptions of general electrical power system and DG system are first provided, followed by reviews on renewable resource assessment, load demand analysis, model formulation, and optimisation techniques. In renewable resource assessment model review, uncertain solar and wind energy resources are emphasised whereas applications of forecasting models have been highlighted based on their prediction horizons, computational power requirement, and training data intensity. For DG optimisation framework, (solar, wind and tidal) power generator, energy storage and energy balance models are discussed; in optimisation technique section, both numerical and mathematical modelling optimisation methods are reviewed, analysed and criticised with recommendations for their improvements. In overall, this review provides preliminary guidelines, research gaps and recommendations for developing a better and more user-friendly DG energy planning optimisation tool.
An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system opti... more An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system optimisation techniques is presented in this review paper. The objective is to compare different aspects of these two broad classes of DG optimisation techniques, explore their applications, and identify potential research directions from reviewed studies. Introductory descriptions of general electrical power system and DG system are first provided, followed by reviews on renewable resource assessment, load demand analysis, model formulation, and optimisation techniques. In renewable resource assessment model review, uncertain solar and wind energy resources are emphasised whereas applications of forecasting models have been highlighted based on their prediction horizons, computational power requirement, and training data intensity. For DG optimisation framework, (solar, wind and tidal) power generator, energy storage and energy balance models are discussed; in optimisation technique section, both numerical and mathematical modelling optimisation methods are reviewed, analysed and criticised with recommendations for their improvements. In overall, this review provides preliminary guidelines, research gaps and recommendations for developing a better and more user-friendly DG energy planning optimisation tool.
This study was to develop a novel solubility model for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium (S... more This study was to develop a novel solubility model for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) behavior of the selected phytochemicals in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (locally known as misai kucing) i.e. Sinensetin, Eupatorin, and Tetramethylscutellarein, for more efficient solvent screening. The objectives of this proposed study include establishing a startup physicochemical property database for phytochemicals, developing a novel SLE prediction model for herbal system, and discovering more compatible solvents for selected phytochemicals via modelling approach. In this study, SLE, normal melting points and normal enthalpy of fusion data of the chosen phytochemicals and similar compounds were compiled as database for parameter estimation and model validation. For the pure component properties, Marrero-Gani model and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model were considered whereas for the activity coefficient (mixture property) prediction KT-NIST-UNIFAC and Modi...
There has been growing interest in developing Locally Integrated Energy Sectors (LIES) as a Proce... more There has been growing interest in developing Locally Integrated Energy Sectors (LIES) as a Process (Heat) Integration approach for synergising the industrial thermal energy systems that include renewable energy resources with urban (i.e. civic, residential, business and service complexes). The aim is to enhance the regional energy efficiency and minimise greenhouse gas (including carbon) emissions. However, a comprehensive planning and design framework is crucial at the onset of its development, which is accounting for supply and demand sides, but there have been limited works directed to this scope to date. For the development of such framework, this paper reviews the energy consumption targeting methodologies via Total Site Heat Integration for estimating and designing the capacity of the utility have been reviewed in this work, inclusive of both insight-based Pinch Analysis and mathematical modelling approaches. As a final outcome of the review, suggestions are provided for investigating key factors for integration of industrial, residential, commercial, institutional and service energy systems, maximising the integration and reuse of waste and low potential heat, including renewables to boost sustainability aspects. The review of methodologies for energy system integration is followed by identification of research directions that deserve future attention, refinement and development.
An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system opti... more An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system optimisation techniques is presented in this review paper. The objective is to compare different aspects of these two broad classes of DG optimisation techniques, explore their applications, and identify potential research directions from reviewed studies. Introductory descriptions of general electrical power system and DG system are first provided, followed by reviews on renewable resource assessment, load demand analysis, model formulation, and optimisation techniques. In renewable resource assessment model review, uncertain solar and wind energy resources are emphasised whereas applications of forecasting models have been highlighted based on their prediction horizons, computational power requirement, and training data intensity. For DG optimisation framework, (solar, wind and tidal) power generator, energy storage and energy balance models are discussed; in optimisation technique section, both numerical and mathematical modelling optimisation methods are reviewed, analysed and criticised with recommendations for their improvements. In overall, this review provides preliminary guidelines, research gaps and recommendations for developing a better and more user-friendly DG energy planning optimisation tool.
An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system opti... more An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system optimisation techniques is presented in this review paper. The objective is to compare different aspects of these two broad classes of DG optimisation techniques, explore their applications, and identify potential research directions from reviewed studies. Introductory descriptions of general electrical power system and DG system are first provided, followed by reviews on renewable resource assessment, load demand analysis, model formulation, and optimisation techniques. In renewable resource assessment model review, uncertain solar and wind energy resources are emphasised whereas applications of forecasting models have been highlighted based on their prediction horizons, computational power requirement, and training data intensity. For DG optimisation framework, (solar, wind and tidal) power generator, energy storage and energy balance models are discussed; in optimisation technique section, both numerical and mathematical modelling optimisation methods are reviewed, analysed and criticised with recommendations for their improvements. In overall, this review provides preliminary guidelines, research gaps and recommendations for developing a better and more user-friendly DG energy planning optimisation tool.
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