International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Vitamin D3 (VD3), a seco-steroid that is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabol... more Background: Vitamin D3 (VD3), a seco-steroid that is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabolized in liver and kidneys in humans, has been well-known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of ovarian dysfunction in women with anovulation. Aim of this study is to show and evaluate VD3 level in women who are suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome.Methods: This study was conducted on 200 women; group A: (study group) 100 infertile women who were suffering from PCOS and group B: (control group) 100 patients were selected with other cause of infertility than PCOS. US examination, hormonal profile (FSH, LH, AMH, TSH and prolactin level) and laboratory assay of serum VD3 level (postmenstrual) were done for every patient to evaluate relationship between VD3 deficiency and PCOS patients.Results: There was a significant relationship between group A compared to group B as r...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Background: IUGR increases the risk for intrapartum asphyxia, preterm delivery, and risks associa... more Background: IUGR increases the risk for intrapartum asphyxia, preterm delivery, and risks associated with preterm delivery, including but not limited to respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Doppler ultrasound gives us information on the vascular resistance and, indirectly, on the blood flow. The aim of this work is to assess any change in the cerebroplacental Doppler ratio before and after receiving Dexamethasone on pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University on 60 pregnant females after counseling and explaining of the procedure to patients, assurance of confidentiality, anonymity and their acceptance. Results: The mean GA was 32 weeks and mean weigh of the fetus was 1165 kg with mean amniotic fluid index 5.85 cm. There was significant increase in MCA PI after treatment p-value <0.001. ther...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2022
Background: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is the most frequently perform... more Background: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is the most frequently performed major gynaecological surgical procedure, with millions of procedures performed annually throughout the world. Hysterectomy can be performed for benign and malignant indications. Misoprostol, a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1, has been extensively evaluated as a uterotonic agent in obstetrics mainly for prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage and reduction of bleeding during caesarean delivery. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact and efficacy of pre-operative sublingual misoprostol given in women having hysterectomy in terms of blood loss. Results: This randomized single blind controlled trial was carried on 70 women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. They were randomly allocated in two equal groups: misoprostol group: patients received two tablets of Misoprostol (=200 μg) 30 minutes before operation and a control group (placebo group): patie...
Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a feasible, efficient way to manage benign u... more Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a feasible, efficient way to manage benign uterine pathology, and is better than standard abdominal hysterectomy as it offers less postoperative discomfort, shorter hospitalization, rapid recovery, and early return to daily living activities.Methods: A retrospective comparative cohort study was done on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding due to large myomas in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt, and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy. Participants were classified into two groups. Group I (Laparoscopy group) included 20 patients for whom TLH was done. Group II (Laparotomy group) included 20 patients for whom open hysterectomy (OH) was done.Results: Our result revealed that statistically significant differences were observed between the studied groups in post-operative Hb value, postoperative return of bowel sounds, and amount of blood lo...
Study design, materials and methods The preoperative work-up involved complete history taking, ph... more Study design, materials and methods The preoperative work-up involved complete history taking, physical examination, cough stress test (CST) and 1 h pad weight test (PWT). Two questionnaires, the Urogenital Distress Inventory – Short Form (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire – Short Form (IIQ-7), were also completed preoperatively. TOT was inserted via the transobturator route in all patients. Postoperatively, the previous work-up was repeated for objective evaluation of the procedure and the subjective improvement was assessed by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale. Urodynamic tests were performed when indicated. Patient's data were collected and retrieved from our medical data base and patient's files. Follow-up evaluation was carried out every 3 months during the 1 year and yearly afterwards.
Objective: To study the effect of prophylactic cerclage in ICSI twin pregnancies with normal cerv... more Objective: To study the effect of prophylactic cerclage in ICSI twin pregnancies with normal cervical measurements on pregnancy outcome. Design: a randomized controlled prospective study. Setting: at Tanta university hospitals and outpatient clinics. Patients: 120 selected cases of ICSI twin pregnancy were recruited and classified into 2 groups randomly, cerclage group (n=80cases) and control group without cerclage (n=40). Interventions: Transvaginal ultrasound was done for number of fetuses, viability, cervical length and diameter and applying Mc Donald cerclage at 14-16weeks for cerclage group. Main Outcome Measures: Occurrence of abortion, Preterm labour, premature rupture of membranes, the time of stitch removal, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, neonatal complications. Results: The mean age (29.09 ± 3.26 years) and (28.36 ± 3.24 years) in cerclage group and control group respectively. Most patients were suffering primary infertility 68.75%. The mean gestational age...
Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked with amplified risk of a variety of mate... more Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked with amplified risk of a variety of maternal and perinatal complications including preeclampsia, cesarean section, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. Purpose: to assess the effectiveness of Metformin in opposition to insulin for the treatment of GDM. SubjectandMethods: This was an experimental prospective comparative study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Tanta University Hospital, Egypt. One hundred patients were selected having gestational diabetes at 22-36 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy to be included in this study. Group A (Metformin group) (n=50) were given Metformin at an oral dose of 500 mg daily in the morning and was increased when necessary by 500 mg weekly up to total of 2500 mg per day, Group B (Insulin group) (n=50) were given insulin at a dose of 0.7 U/kg body weight, given subcutaneously twice daily, and was increased as nee...
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the rectally administered misoprostol pre-operative vers... more Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the rectally administered misoprostol pre-operative versus post-operative in minimizing intraoperative blood loss and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean delivery. Material and Methods: This study included 180 pregnant women at term (37 40 weeks) undergoing Caesarean delivery under regional anesthesia. Group I (n = 84) received 400μg rectal misoprostol preoperatively, and Group II (n = 82) received 400μg rectal misoprostol postoperatively. Hematocrit level was measured and recorded at admission as a preoperative routine investigation and repeated 24 hours following cesarean delivery. The patients were evaluated in terms of operative time, operative blood loss and any side effects of administered drugs. Results: The demographic characteristics of participants as age, parity and gestational age were comparable between the two groups. As regard the estimated blood loss (M ± SD) during cesarean section in group I (preoperative misopro...
Abstract Aim To evaluate levels of leptin and insulin in cases of unexplained early RPL in compar... more Abstract Aim To evaluate levels of leptin and insulin in cases of unexplained early RPL in comparison with cases of previous normal pregnancies and suggest these levels as prognostic factors for the continuation of pregnancy beyond the 20th week. Methods A prospective comparative controlled study was conducted at Obstetrics unit of Tanta University Hospital from Jan to Aug 2014 on 50 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: the study group included 25 cases with history of early RPL, and the control group included 25 cases with previous normal pregnancies. Serum levels of leptin and insulin were measured twice in both groups; at 5–8th and 10–12th week. Results Leptin levels in ng/ml in the first sample were 9.414 ± 3.183 and 30.559 ± 10.672 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. As for the second sample, it was 11.672 ± 2.611 and 29.733 ± 9.133 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. Insulin levels in μlU/ml in the first sample were 18.075 ± 5.845 and 32.502 ± 13.057 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. In the second sample, on the other hand, it was 20.237 ± 4.944 and 34.128 ± 12.677 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. Leptin showed higher accuracy than insulin in prediction of early pregnancy loss. Conclusion Higher levels of leptin and insulin were found in cases with early RPL especially in the aborted cases. The two hormones could be used as predictors of pregnancy continuation in these cases.
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Background: Three-dimensional sonographic technology has gained increased acceptance in clinical ... more Background: Three-dimensional sonographic technology has gained increased acceptance in clinical practice. This technique involves the gathering of a large amount of data and the quick reconstruction of pictures in the coronal, sagittal and transverse planes. The purpose of this work was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the three-dimensional trans vaginal ultra-sonographic (3-DTVUS) and hysteroscopy in the detection of cavitary lesions in the uterus. Methods: This study was comparative cross-sectional and included 60 patients who had 2D ultrasonography or hysterosalpingography for suspected intrauterine abnormalities. Each patient underwent a thorough history taking, clinical assessment, investigations, imaging [2D transvaginal ultrasound and 3D vaginal ultrasound] and hysteroscopy. Results: 3DTVUS had a (95%) sensitivity in detecting uterine abnormalities compared to hysteroscopic examination. Also, the specificity was (88%) which indicates that only (12%) of the truly negativ...
peripartum hysterectomy. The strict etiology is indefinite, but it has been postulated to be corr... more peripartum hysterectomy. The strict etiology is indefinite, but it has been postulated to be correlated to the injury of the decidua basalis, which allows for the placental attack into the myometrium.Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of placenta accreta and to compare it with the diagnostic accuracy of both 2D Ultrasonography and MRI.Material and Methods: A prospective study was done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Tanta University Hospital, Egypt. The study included 100 patients with suspected placenta accreta based on 2D ultrasonography, color Doppler and MRI. The intraoperative findings of each case were compared with the preoperative imaging findings.Results: Sensitivity for the diagnosis of placenta accreta was (100%) for color Doppler ultrasound, (93.7%) for 2D ultrasound and (75 %) for MRI. Specificity was (66.6 %) with color Doppler and (77.7%) for 2D ultrasound and (55.5%) for MRI. The highest positive predictive ...
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oral misoprostol following surgical evacua... more Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oral misoprostol following surgical evacuation of first trimester abortion in reducing the amount and duration of vaginal bleeding and also to evaluate patient tolerability to this drug. Patients and methods: This randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted on 120 patients with gestational ages of 6–12 weeks at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tanta University, Egypt, from July 2015 to May 2016. All patients underwent surgical evacuation for abortion regardless of its type (missed, inevitable, or incomplete abortion). Patients who were hypersensitive to misoprostol, had septic abortion, had ectopic pregnancy, or had molar pregnancy were excluded. Patients were allocated randomly into two groups equally: group I who will receive oral misoprostol 200 µg following surgical evacuation for two days and group II who will receive placebo and serve as a control group. Results: There was no significant difference between t...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Background: The severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG... more Background: The severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) that if left untreated may lead to significant maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a prevalent gram-negative flagellated spiral bacterium that colonizes the stomach of half of the world’s population. Researchers have hypothesized that maternal hormonal and immunological changes during pregnancy that prevent allogenic rejection of fetus reactivates the bacterium. Aim of the work is to compare between patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnancy regarding presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies for proper management. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out on ninety pregnant women at 5-15 weeks of gestation, thirty pregnant females with single living fetus complaining of HG (Group A), Thirty pregnant females who were multiple pregnancy and/or trophoblastic disorders complaining of HG (Group B) and Thirty pr...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Vitamin D3 (VD3), a seco-steroid that is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabol... more Background: Vitamin D3 (VD3), a seco-steroid that is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabolized in liver and kidneys in humans, has been well-known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of ovarian dysfunction in women with anovulation. Aim of this study is to show and evaluate VD3 level in women who are suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome.Methods: This study was conducted on 200 women; group A: (study group) 100 infertile women who were suffering from PCOS and group B: (control group) 100 patients were selected with other cause of infertility than PCOS. US examination, hormonal profile (FSH, LH, AMH, TSH and prolactin level) and laboratory assay of serum VD3 level (postmenstrual) were done for every patient to evaluate relationship between VD3 deficiency and PCOS patients.Results: There was a significant relationship between group A compared to group B as r...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Background: IUGR increases the risk for intrapartum asphyxia, preterm delivery, and risks associa... more Background: IUGR increases the risk for intrapartum asphyxia, preterm delivery, and risks associated with preterm delivery, including but not limited to respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Doppler ultrasound gives us information on the vascular resistance and, indirectly, on the blood flow. The aim of this work is to assess any change in the cerebroplacental Doppler ratio before and after receiving Dexamethasone on pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University on 60 pregnant females after counseling and explaining of the procedure to patients, assurance of confidentiality, anonymity and their acceptance. Results: The mean GA was 32 weeks and mean weigh of the fetus was 1165 kg with mean amniotic fluid index 5.85 cm. There was significant increase in MCA PI after treatment p-value <0.001. ther...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2022
Background: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is the most frequently perform... more Background: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is the most frequently performed major gynaecological surgical procedure, with millions of procedures performed annually throughout the world. Hysterectomy can be performed for benign and malignant indications. Misoprostol, a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1, has been extensively evaluated as a uterotonic agent in obstetrics mainly for prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage and reduction of bleeding during caesarean delivery. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact and efficacy of pre-operative sublingual misoprostol given in women having hysterectomy in terms of blood loss. Results: This randomized single blind controlled trial was carried on 70 women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. They were randomly allocated in two equal groups: misoprostol group: patients received two tablets of Misoprostol (=200 μg) 30 minutes before operation and a control group (placebo group): patie...
Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a feasible, efficient way to manage benign u... more Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a feasible, efficient way to manage benign uterine pathology, and is better than standard abdominal hysterectomy as it offers less postoperative discomfort, shorter hospitalization, rapid recovery, and early return to daily living activities.Methods: A retrospective comparative cohort study was done on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding due to large myomas in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt, and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy. Participants were classified into two groups. Group I (Laparoscopy group) included 20 patients for whom TLH was done. Group II (Laparotomy group) included 20 patients for whom open hysterectomy (OH) was done.Results: Our result revealed that statistically significant differences were observed between the studied groups in post-operative Hb value, postoperative return of bowel sounds, and amount of blood lo...
Study design, materials and methods The preoperative work-up involved complete history taking, ph... more Study design, materials and methods The preoperative work-up involved complete history taking, physical examination, cough stress test (CST) and 1 h pad weight test (PWT). Two questionnaires, the Urogenital Distress Inventory – Short Form (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire – Short Form (IIQ-7), were also completed preoperatively. TOT was inserted via the transobturator route in all patients. Postoperatively, the previous work-up was repeated for objective evaluation of the procedure and the subjective improvement was assessed by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale. Urodynamic tests were performed when indicated. Patient's data were collected and retrieved from our medical data base and patient's files. Follow-up evaluation was carried out every 3 months during the 1 year and yearly afterwards.
Objective: To study the effect of prophylactic cerclage in ICSI twin pregnancies with normal cerv... more Objective: To study the effect of prophylactic cerclage in ICSI twin pregnancies with normal cervical measurements on pregnancy outcome. Design: a randomized controlled prospective study. Setting: at Tanta university hospitals and outpatient clinics. Patients: 120 selected cases of ICSI twin pregnancy were recruited and classified into 2 groups randomly, cerclage group (n=80cases) and control group without cerclage (n=40). Interventions: Transvaginal ultrasound was done for number of fetuses, viability, cervical length and diameter and applying Mc Donald cerclage at 14-16weeks for cerclage group. Main Outcome Measures: Occurrence of abortion, Preterm labour, premature rupture of membranes, the time of stitch removal, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, neonatal complications. Results: The mean age (29.09 ± 3.26 years) and (28.36 ± 3.24 years) in cerclage group and control group respectively. Most patients were suffering primary infertility 68.75%. The mean gestational age...
Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked with amplified risk of a variety of mate... more Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked with amplified risk of a variety of maternal and perinatal complications including preeclampsia, cesarean section, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. Purpose: to assess the effectiveness of Metformin in opposition to insulin for the treatment of GDM. SubjectandMethods: This was an experimental prospective comparative study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Tanta University Hospital, Egypt. One hundred patients were selected having gestational diabetes at 22-36 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy to be included in this study. Group A (Metformin group) (n=50) were given Metformin at an oral dose of 500 mg daily in the morning and was increased when necessary by 500 mg weekly up to total of 2500 mg per day, Group B (Insulin group) (n=50) were given insulin at a dose of 0.7 U/kg body weight, given subcutaneously twice daily, and was increased as nee...
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the rectally administered misoprostol pre-operative vers... more Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the rectally administered misoprostol pre-operative versus post-operative in minimizing intraoperative blood loss and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean delivery. Material and Methods: This study included 180 pregnant women at term (37 40 weeks) undergoing Caesarean delivery under regional anesthesia. Group I (n = 84) received 400μg rectal misoprostol preoperatively, and Group II (n = 82) received 400μg rectal misoprostol postoperatively. Hematocrit level was measured and recorded at admission as a preoperative routine investigation and repeated 24 hours following cesarean delivery. The patients were evaluated in terms of operative time, operative blood loss and any side effects of administered drugs. Results: The demographic characteristics of participants as age, parity and gestational age were comparable between the two groups. As regard the estimated blood loss (M ± SD) during cesarean section in group I (preoperative misopro...
Abstract Aim To evaluate levels of leptin and insulin in cases of unexplained early RPL in compar... more Abstract Aim To evaluate levels of leptin and insulin in cases of unexplained early RPL in comparison with cases of previous normal pregnancies and suggest these levels as prognostic factors for the continuation of pregnancy beyond the 20th week. Methods A prospective comparative controlled study was conducted at Obstetrics unit of Tanta University Hospital from Jan to Aug 2014 on 50 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: the study group included 25 cases with history of early RPL, and the control group included 25 cases with previous normal pregnancies. Serum levels of leptin and insulin were measured twice in both groups; at 5–8th and 10–12th week. Results Leptin levels in ng/ml in the first sample were 9.414 ± 3.183 and 30.559 ± 10.672 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. As for the second sample, it was 11.672 ± 2.611 and 29.733 ± 9.133 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. Insulin levels in μlU/ml in the first sample were 18.075 ± 5.845 and 32.502 ± 13.057 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. In the second sample, on the other hand, it was 20.237 ± 4.944 and 34.128 ± 12.677 in the control and study groups respectively with significant difference. Leptin showed higher accuracy than insulin in prediction of early pregnancy loss. Conclusion Higher levels of leptin and insulin were found in cases with early RPL especially in the aborted cases. The two hormones could be used as predictors of pregnancy continuation in these cases.
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Background: Three-dimensional sonographic technology has gained increased acceptance in clinical ... more Background: Three-dimensional sonographic technology has gained increased acceptance in clinical practice. This technique involves the gathering of a large amount of data and the quick reconstruction of pictures in the coronal, sagittal and transverse planes. The purpose of this work was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the three-dimensional trans vaginal ultra-sonographic (3-DTVUS) and hysteroscopy in the detection of cavitary lesions in the uterus. Methods: This study was comparative cross-sectional and included 60 patients who had 2D ultrasonography or hysterosalpingography for suspected intrauterine abnormalities. Each patient underwent a thorough history taking, clinical assessment, investigations, imaging [2D transvaginal ultrasound and 3D vaginal ultrasound] and hysteroscopy. Results: 3DTVUS had a (95%) sensitivity in detecting uterine abnormalities compared to hysteroscopic examination. Also, the specificity was (88%) which indicates that only (12%) of the truly negativ...
peripartum hysterectomy. The strict etiology is indefinite, but it has been postulated to be corr... more peripartum hysterectomy. The strict etiology is indefinite, but it has been postulated to be correlated to the injury of the decidua basalis, which allows for the placental attack into the myometrium.Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of placenta accreta and to compare it with the diagnostic accuracy of both 2D Ultrasonography and MRI.Material and Methods: A prospective study was done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Tanta University Hospital, Egypt. The study included 100 patients with suspected placenta accreta based on 2D ultrasonography, color Doppler and MRI. The intraoperative findings of each case were compared with the preoperative imaging findings.Results: Sensitivity for the diagnosis of placenta accreta was (100%) for color Doppler ultrasound, (93.7%) for 2D ultrasound and (75 %) for MRI. Specificity was (66.6 %) with color Doppler and (77.7%) for 2D ultrasound and (55.5%) for MRI. The highest positive predictive ...
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oral misoprostol following surgical evacua... more Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oral misoprostol following surgical evacuation of first trimester abortion in reducing the amount and duration of vaginal bleeding and also to evaluate patient tolerability to this drug. Patients and methods: This randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted on 120 patients with gestational ages of 6–12 weeks at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tanta University, Egypt, from July 2015 to May 2016. All patients underwent surgical evacuation for abortion regardless of its type (missed, inevitable, or incomplete abortion). Patients who were hypersensitive to misoprostol, had septic abortion, had ectopic pregnancy, or had molar pregnancy were excluded. Patients were allocated randomly into two groups equally: group I who will receive oral misoprostol 200 µg following surgical evacuation for two days and group II who will receive placebo and serve as a control group. Results: There was no significant difference between t...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Background: The severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG... more Background: The severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) that if left untreated may lead to significant maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a prevalent gram-negative flagellated spiral bacterium that colonizes the stomach of half of the world’s population. Researchers have hypothesized that maternal hormonal and immunological changes during pregnancy that prevent allogenic rejection of fetus reactivates the bacterium. Aim of the work is to compare between patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnancy regarding presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies for proper management. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out on ninety pregnant women at 5-15 weeks of gestation, thirty pregnant females with single living fetus complaining of HG (Group A), Thirty pregnant females who were multiple pregnancy and/or trophoblastic disorders complaining of HG (Group B) and Thirty pr...
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Papers by Hesham M Borg