Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2020
The increasing population growth has caused a phenomenon called urban sprawl in most cities in th... more The increasing population growth has caused a phenomenon called urban sprawl in most cities in the world. Urban sprawl has imposed adverse economic and environmental impacts on cities. Therefore, study, measurement and recognition of this phenomenon are essential. The purpose of this study is the identification and measurement of urban sprawl intensity in the Urmia city (capital of West Azerbaijan Province of Iran). It causes urban planners and managers to better plan for the future growth of the Urmia and achieve sustainable urban development with greater awareness and understanding. The present research is a theoretical-applied research purpose and is descriptive-analytic in terms of research nature. Several methods have been used for measuring urban sprawl. Nowadays, landscape metrics and spatial data are widely used worldwide because they detected urban sprawl with great detail and accuracy. Thus, in the present research, in order to measure urban sprawl in Urmia city, the black-and-white hypothesis and satellite imagery and integration of these data with landscape metrics have been used for the first time in Iran. In this regard, satellite images of 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2016 were collected with the help of Landsat satellite. These images were classified using an artificial neural network in two classes: built and non-built. Then the detection of changes was done using ENVI 5.3 software and also using landscape metrics (fractal dimension index, largest patch index, contiguity index, number of patches index and shape index) by Fragstats 4.2 software in order to measure urban sprawl in Urmia city. The results of this study indicate that urban sprawl in Urmia during the period of 1991-2011 had a decreasing rate and from then until now has been increasing and it will be continued.
در گذشته یکی از عمومی¬ترین و مردمی¬ترین فضاهای شهری در جامعة ایران، میادین شهری بودند. به تدریج و... more در گذشته یکی از عمومی¬ترین و مردمی¬ترین فضاهای شهری در جامعة ایران، میادین شهری بودند. به تدریج و به خصوص بعد از مدرنیزاسیون کالبدی و حضور اتوموبیل در فضاهای شهری، هویت خود را از دست دادند و در چند دهة اخیر در بلاتکلیفی مطلق به سر می¬برند. بنحوی که امروزه، مفهوم ذاتیِ میدان که با تعاملات اجتماعی و حضور پر رنگ مردم، گره خورده ¬بود، رنگ باخته و نقش ترافیکی بر سایر نقش¬ها غلبه یافته است. میدان¬های اصلی شهر که با ذهنیت ساکنانش عجین شده ¬است، به دلایل متعددی در گذر زمان، کیفیات فضایی یک میدان را از دست داده است، و نقش ترافیکی و فلکه¬بودن آن، بر سایر نقش¬ها، چیرگی یافته است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی مؤلفه¬ها و سنجه¬های ¬مکانسازی میدان با تأکید بر ماهیت ذاتی میدان و وجوه مشترک آن با مکانسازی می¬باشد. این پژوهش از نظر نوع آن، کاربردی و توسعه¬ای بوده و ماهیت داده¬ها، از نوع کمّی می¬باشد و چارچوب نظری با استفاده از روش اسنادی و کتابخانه¬ای بررسی خواهد شد و بعد از مقایسه تطبیقی تعاریف میادین شهری و مکانسازی، و تبین معیارهای یک مکان- میدان شهری؛ نتیجتاً پنج مؤلفة مکانسازی میدان¬های شهری، در قالب پنج مورد "معماری شهری؛ منظرسازی سخت و نرم؛ مشوق و محرک؛ فعالیت؛ زیست¬محیطی" و هفده سنجه ارائه می¬گردد.
1 ABSTRACT Urban collective memory, a hidden phenomenon in urban context, is created gradually as... more 1 ABSTRACT Urban collective memory, a hidden phenomenon in urban context, is created gradually as the time passes. Collection of events create memories, and they keep cities dynamic and vivacious in the process of globalization in modern societies. Inhabitants make a strong relationship between their past and social identity as they own urban places, which are filled with memories. Related to this, the unsolved problem of urban decay and the inefficiency of dilapidated urban spaces forces the need for an organized renovation. Making a balance between the need for renewal from one side and preservation of memorable places or historical districts on the other side is a major intricate issue for urban managers and decision-makers. This paper seeks to investigate the role of urban collective memory in urban renewal plans and to suggest solutions and policies for promoting this concept. Following a literature review, different aspects of collective memory in urban places (i.e. physical, functional and conceptual aspects) are determined. Consequently, consideration of all aspects of collective memory is analyzed in the renewal plan of SHOHADA square (Mashhad, Iran) based on an interpretive-historical method. Finally, a number of solutions and policies for strengthening the sense of collective memory in renewal projects are presented. key words: Memory, Urban Collective memory, Urban renewal plan 2 INTRODUCTION Urban settlements in cities' fabric are full of residents' memories. Some of them are individual but the majority are group and social. Collective memory as a social entity plays an important role in city sustainability and identity, with the emphasis on social dimension. (Jahanbakhsh, Koomleh, Sotudeh Alambaz, 2015: 19). Urban public spaces are the context of creation of civic vitality in cities and face-to-face interactions, political protests, religious celebrations and social meetings are held in this arenas. (Madanipour, 2000 :215). Events and social communication make our community meaningful and through time passing, we have new phenomenon, which called "collective memory". It remains in inhabitant's mind and related to the history and become a component of mutual identity of people. (Esmaeilian and Ranjbar, 2013 :182) Collective memory has been studied by numerous perspective in different sciences (sociology, psychology, anthropology etc.); it is rarely seen that how it can be consider in urban development projects, though. Collective memory, as a socially issue, can makes influence some key theme areas of social sustainability such as social networks, health, identity, civic pride, neighborhood feeling, and community engagement. Hence, conservation and representation of citizens' collective memory will
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2020
The increasing population growth has caused a phenomenon called urban sprawl in most cities in th... more The increasing population growth has caused a phenomenon called urban sprawl in most cities in the world. Urban sprawl has imposed adverse economic and environmental impacts on cities. Therefore, study, measurement and recognition of this phenomenon are essential. The purpose of this study is the identification and measurement of urban sprawl intensity in the Urmia city (capital of West Azerbaijan Province of Iran). It causes urban planners and managers to better plan for the future growth of the Urmia and achieve sustainable urban development with greater awareness and understanding. The present research is a theoretical-applied research purpose and is descriptive-analytic in terms of research nature. Several methods have been used for measuring urban sprawl. Nowadays, landscape metrics and spatial data are widely used worldwide because they detected urban sprawl with great detail and accuracy. Thus, in the present research, in order to measure urban sprawl in Urmia city, the black-and-white hypothesis and satellite imagery and integration of these data with landscape metrics have been used for the first time in Iran. In this regard, satellite images of 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2016 were collected with the help of Landsat satellite. These images were classified using an artificial neural network in two classes: built and non-built. Then the detection of changes was done using ENVI 5.3 software and also using landscape metrics (fractal dimension index, largest patch index, contiguity index, number of patches index and shape index) by Fragstats 4.2 software in order to measure urban sprawl in Urmia city. The results of this study indicate that urban sprawl in Urmia during the period of 1991-2011 had a decreasing rate and from then until now has been increasing and it will be continued.
در گذشته یکی از عمومی¬ترین و مردمی¬ترین فضاهای شهری در جامعة ایران، میادین شهری بودند. به تدریج و... more در گذشته یکی از عمومی¬ترین و مردمی¬ترین فضاهای شهری در جامعة ایران، میادین شهری بودند. به تدریج و به خصوص بعد از مدرنیزاسیون کالبدی و حضور اتوموبیل در فضاهای شهری، هویت خود را از دست دادند و در چند دهة اخیر در بلاتکلیفی مطلق به سر می¬برند. بنحوی که امروزه، مفهوم ذاتیِ میدان که با تعاملات اجتماعی و حضور پر رنگ مردم، گره خورده ¬بود، رنگ باخته و نقش ترافیکی بر سایر نقش¬ها غلبه یافته است. میدان¬های اصلی شهر که با ذهنیت ساکنانش عجین شده ¬است، به دلایل متعددی در گذر زمان، کیفیات فضایی یک میدان را از دست داده است، و نقش ترافیکی و فلکه¬بودن آن، بر سایر نقش¬ها، چیرگی یافته است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی مؤلفه¬ها و سنجه¬های ¬مکانسازی میدان با تأکید بر ماهیت ذاتی میدان و وجوه مشترک آن با مکانسازی می¬باشد. این پژوهش از نظر نوع آن، کاربردی و توسعه¬ای بوده و ماهیت داده¬ها، از نوع کمّی می¬باشد و چارچوب نظری با استفاده از روش اسنادی و کتابخانه¬ای بررسی خواهد شد و بعد از مقایسه تطبیقی تعاریف میادین شهری و مکانسازی، و تبین معیارهای یک مکان- میدان شهری؛ نتیجتاً پنج مؤلفة مکانسازی میدان¬های شهری، در قالب پنج مورد "معماری شهری؛ منظرسازی سخت و نرم؛ مشوق و محرک؛ فعالیت؛ زیست¬محیطی" و هفده سنجه ارائه می¬گردد.
1 ABSTRACT Urban collective memory, a hidden phenomenon in urban context, is created gradually as... more 1 ABSTRACT Urban collective memory, a hidden phenomenon in urban context, is created gradually as the time passes. Collection of events create memories, and they keep cities dynamic and vivacious in the process of globalization in modern societies. Inhabitants make a strong relationship between their past and social identity as they own urban places, which are filled with memories. Related to this, the unsolved problem of urban decay and the inefficiency of dilapidated urban spaces forces the need for an organized renovation. Making a balance between the need for renewal from one side and preservation of memorable places or historical districts on the other side is a major intricate issue for urban managers and decision-makers. This paper seeks to investigate the role of urban collective memory in urban renewal plans and to suggest solutions and policies for promoting this concept. Following a literature review, different aspects of collective memory in urban places (i.e. physical, functional and conceptual aspects) are determined. Consequently, consideration of all aspects of collective memory is analyzed in the renewal plan of SHOHADA square (Mashhad, Iran) based on an interpretive-historical method. Finally, a number of solutions and policies for strengthening the sense of collective memory in renewal projects are presented. key words: Memory, Urban Collective memory, Urban renewal plan 2 INTRODUCTION Urban settlements in cities' fabric are full of residents' memories. Some of them are individual but the majority are group and social. Collective memory as a social entity plays an important role in city sustainability and identity, with the emphasis on social dimension. (Jahanbakhsh, Koomleh, Sotudeh Alambaz, 2015: 19). Urban public spaces are the context of creation of civic vitality in cities and face-to-face interactions, political protests, religious celebrations and social meetings are held in this arenas. (Madanipour, 2000 :215). Events and social communication make our community meaningful and through time passing, we have new phenomenon, which called "collective memory". It remains in inhabitant's mind and related to the history and become a component of mutual identity of people. (Esmaeilian and Ranjbar, 2013 :182) Collective memory has been studied by numerous perspective in different sciences (sociology, psychology, anthropology etc.); it is rarely seen that how it can be consider in urban development projects, though. Collective memory, as a socially issue, can makes influence some key theme areas of social sustainability such as social networks, health, identity, civic pride, neighborhood feeling, and community engagement. Hence, conservation and representation of citizens' collective memory will
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