Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2003
Previous research on JIT provides very little insight as to why the same JIT practices are able t... more Previous research on JIT provides very little insight as to why the same JIT practices are able to foster competitiveness in one plant but fail to do the same in another plant. The premise of this research is that such failures are due to a lack of managerial concern regarding infrastructure practices needed for JIT. The current JIT literature on infrastructure design is largely prescriptive, but the prescriptions are not founded on systematic empirical investigation. In this paper, we examine the role of infrastructure practices in the effectiveness of JIT practices from three perspectives-universal, contingency, and configurational-with data from a study sample of 110 plants. The plants in the study sample belong to three industries-electronics, machinery, and transportation-and are located in three countries-US, Italy, and Japan. Our results support the contingency and the configurational perspectives. Specifically, the analyses based on the contingency perspective indicate that with the exception of manufacturing strategy, all other infrastructure practices-quality management, product technology, work integration system, and human resource management (HRM) policies-individually moderate the relationship between JIT practices and plant competitiveness. The analyses based on the configurational perspective indicate that synergy between JIT practices and infrastructure practices needs to be exploited to attain superior plant competitiveness.
Critical to the clinical success of precision medicine is the ability to deliver personalized dec... more Critical to the clinical success of precision medicine is the ability to deliver personalized decision support to millions of patients through interoperable, reliable and performant informatics systems. This chapter introduces general concepts and methods for creating such decision support systems at large (state and even national level) scales.
US federal information technology (IT) programs are often baselined multiple times, resulting in ... more US federal information technology (IT) programs are often baselined multiple times, resulting in wasteful expenditure of taxpayer money. While increasing program scope has often been attributed as a key driver of baseline changes, understanding how execution factors associated with the program may interplay with program scope to affect baseline changes has significant potential for improving the utilization of taxpayer contributions. We take a closer look at three execution factors relevant to federal IT programs – namely the granularity of the program in terms of the number of component activities, the project management competency in the program, and the project management methodology pursued in the program. The empirical analysis is carried out using publicly available data from the US federal government on 250 IT programs across 19 federal agencies. Consistent with our predictions, the results indicate that increasing scope of a federal IT program is associated with increasing f...
Anant Mishra Department of Operations and Management Science Carlson School of Management Univers... more Anant Mishra Department of Operations and Management Science Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455 Ph: (612) 626-9761, Fax: (612) 624-8804 Email: mish0049@umn.edu ... Kingshuk Sinha Department of Operations and ...
This paper presents a model-based approach for competitive analysis of manufacturing plants in th... more This paper presents a model-based approach for competitive analysis of manufacturing plants in the U. S. food processing industry. As part of this approach, plant competitiveness is measured using Operational Competitiveness Ratings Analysis (OCRA) -a new non-parametric method of computing relative inefficiency. Drivers of competitiveness are identified in terms of policies related to plant structure and infrastructure. Policies related to plant structure are those decisions that are related with “bricks and mortar” and have long term implications, such as decisions related to plant size and capacity. Policies related to plant infrastructure are decisions related to how the “ bricks and mortar” are used. These policies are typically under the direct control of the operations managers and have a short-term orientation, such as decisions related to equipment, quality, inventory, workforce and confusion-engendering activities (e.g. new product introductions and product variety). The em...
Public health supply chains are channels through which health commodities are distributed among e... more Public health supply chains are channels through which health commodities are distributed among end-clients. In developing countries, significant resource constraints hamper the effective and efficient delivery of health commodities, leading to supply chain failures such as “stock-outs.” While the prevalence of commodity stock-outs is well-acknowledged, there is little by way of systematic and rigorous empirical research that sheds light on the factors that drive such stock-outs in developing countries. The study documented in this paper is anchored in the “logistics cycle” framework that is well-accepted and widely adopted by organizations involved in managing public health supply chains. Using this framework, we empirically investigate how commodity range and a health facility’s logistics management information system (LMIS) practices impact the likelihood of stock-outs. We estimate our models using a novel field dataset spanning 4,000 health facilities across five developing countries. Our results indicate that the likelihood of stock-outs increases with an expansion in the range of health commodities offered through the public health supply chain. However, the detrimental impact of offering a wider range of health commodities is more severe in resource-constrained rural facilities relative to their urban counterparts. Further, we find that urban facilities can significantly reduce the likelihood of stock-outs by updating their LMIS records on a daily basis. However, in rural facilities, daily LMIS updating is beneficial only when used in conjunction with an electronic LMIS. Our findings have implications for resource allocation to reduce the risk of health commodity stock-outs in developing countries.
... Kingshuk K. Sinha Operations and Management Science Department, 3-150 Carlson School of Manag... more ... Kingshuk K. Sinha Operations and Management Science Department, 3-150 Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, ... Page 2. Sinha and Van de Ven: Designing Work Within and Between Organizations 390 Organization Science 16(4), pp. ...
BIOLOGIA PLANT ARUM 38(1): 47-50, 1996 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Effect of anatoxin Bx on chlorophyll, ... more BIOLOGIA PLANT ARUM 38(1): 47-50, 1996 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Effect of anatoxin Bx on chlorophyll, nucleic acid and protein contents in maize G. PRASAD, KK SINHA and MM ALI University Department of Botany, Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur - 812 007 ... Cherry et al. ...
ABSTRACT Personalization technologies today enable retailers to tailor online purchase interactio... more ABSTRACT Personalization technologies today enable retailers to tailor online purchase interactions to the individual preferences and needs of customers. With personalization being increasingly perceived as a source of competitive advantage, there is a growing trend toward pursuing technology-enabled personalization strategies in online retailing. However, the choice of a retailer whether or not to select into technology-enabled personalization and its implications for customer loyalty are at best ambiguous. This paper is an attempt to resolve this apparent ambiguity. Specifically, the paper conceptualizes retailer selection into technology-enabled personalization strategies relevant to two steps of an online purchase, namely, transaction personalization strategy and decision personalization strategy, based on the operating characteristics of a retailer. The implications of the retailers' self-selection into technology-enabled personalization strategies for customer loyalty are then empirically investigated with data collected from 422 retailers. Further, based on a counterfactual analysis, the paper reveals the implications of making a normatively incorrect decision with respect to personalization strategy. Contrary to popular belief, the results of this study indicate that personalization may not be uniformly beneficial in terms of customer loyalty to all retailers. Although a majority of retailers pursue transaction personalization and realize benefits by way of improved customer loyalty, we find that the choice of a retailer to pursue decision personalization is self-selected and dependent on idiosyncratic characteristics related to its operating context. Retailers that have relatively large-scale operations, provide greater variety and realize higher customer satisfaction with product selection, and that do not necessarily compete on price (i.e., realize lower customer satisfaction with prices relative to competing retailers) are more likely to pursue the decision personalization strategy. Although some retailers pursue decision personalization because they clearly stand to benefit from doing so, other retailers are better off not following suit. Theoretical contributions of the study, managerial implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are identified.
Medical devices play an increasingly significant role in the delivery of health care today. Howev... more Medical devices play an increasingly significant role in the delivery of health care today. However, persistent quality problems with medical devices and the associated recalls present potential health risks to patients and personnel using these devices. This study addresses three key issues in this regard. First, it empirically assesses the financial implications of medical device recalls to understand if these
In a technology project, project integration represents the pooling together of complete, interde... more In a technology project, project integration represents the pooling together of complete, interdependent task modules to form a physical product or software delivering a desired functionality. This study develops and tests a conceptual framework that examines the interrelationships between the elements of work design, project integration challenges, and project performance. We identify two distinct elements of work design in technology projects: (i) the type of project organization based on whether a technology project spans a firm boundary (Domestic-Outsourcing) or a country boundary (Offshore-Insourcing) or both boundaries (Offshore-Outsourcing) or no boundaries (Domestic-Insourcing), and (ii) the joint coordination practices among key stakeholders in a technology project-namely, Onsite Ratio and Joint-Task Ownership. Next, we measure the effectiveness of project integration using integration glitches that capture the incompatibility among interdependent task modules during project integration. Based on analysis of data from 830 technology projects, the results highlight the differential effects of distributed project organizations on integration glitches. Specifically, we find that project organizations that span both firm and country boundaries (Offshore-Outsourcing) experience significantly higher levels of integration glitches compared to domestic project organizations (Domestic-Outsourcing and Domestic-Insourcing). The results further indicate that the relationship between project organization type and integration glitches is moderated by the extent of joint coordination practices in a project. That is, managers can actively lower integration glitches by increasing the levels of onsite ratio and by promoting higher levels of joint-task ownership, particularly in project organization types that span both firm and country boundaries (Offshore-Outsourcing). Finally, the results demonstrate the practical significance of studying integration glitches by highlighting its significant negative effect on project performance.
A total of seven species ofAlternaria: A. alternata (Fr.) Keissler;A. capsici-annui Savul & Sandu... more A total of seven species ofAlternaria: A. alternata (Fr.) Keissler;A. capsici-annui Savul & Sandu;A. citri Ellis & Pierce;A. porri (Ellis) Clfferi;A. radicina Meler, Drechsler & Eddy;A. tenuissima (Kunze: Pers) Wiltshire andA. tomato (Cooke) Jones were screened on rice culture medium for their ability to elaborate five majorAlternaria mycotoxins viz. tenuazonlc acid (TA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT) and altertoxin-l (ATX-I). All the species produced mycotoxins in varying concentrations. A.capsici-annul was recorded as the mycotoxin producer for the first time. ALT byA. citri andA. tomato; ALT, and ATX-I byA. tenuissima; ALT, TA and AME byA. porri and TA byA. radicina are the new additions to the list of mycotoxins produced by the respective species ofAlternaria.
Freshly harvested maize samples, collected from different fields of Bhagalpur during January-Marc... more Freshly harvested maize samples, collected from different fields of Bhagalpur during January-March, 1989, were analysed for the presence of Fusarium species and their toxins.F. moniliforme was most common followed byF. roseum,F. sporotrichioides,F. graminearum andF. equiseti. Different strains of these species produced zearalenone (11.2-28.2 μ/g), DON (0.3-2.9 μg/g) and T-2 (5.2-20.6 μg/g) toxins on mostrice medium. Fifteen per cent, out of 86 maize samples analysed, were found to be contaminated with various levels of above toxins, which occurred either alone or in groups. Toxin concentration in contaminated samples varied from 0.76-1.5 μg/g (ZEN), 0.41-202 μg/g (DON) and 0.55-2.92 μg/g (T-2).
Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2003
Previous research on JIT provides very little insight as to why the same JIT practices are able t... more Previous research on JIT provides very little insight as to why the same JIT practices are able to foster competitiveness in one plant but fail to do the same in another plant. The premise of this research is that such failures are due to a lack of managerial concern regarding infrastructure practices needed for JIT. The current JIT literature on infrastructure design is largely prescriptive, but the prescriptions are not founded on systematic empirical investigation. In this paper, we examine the role of infrastructure practices in the effectiveness of JIT practices from three perspectives-universal, contingency, and configurational-with data from a study sample of 110 plants. The plants in the study sample belong to three industries-electronics, machinery, and transportation-and are located in three countries-US, Italy, and Japan. Our results support the contingency and the configurational perspectives. Specifically, the analyses based on the contingency perspective indicate that with the exception of manufacturing strategy, all other infrastructure practices-quality management, product technology, work integration system, and human resource management (HRM) policies-individually moderate the relationship between JIT practices and plant competitiveness. The analyses based on the configurational perspective indicate that synergy between JIT practices and infrastructure practices needs to be exploited to attain superior plant competitiveness.
Critical to the clinical success of precision medicine is the ability to deliver personalized dec... more Critical to the clinical success of precision medicine is the ability to deliver personalized decision support to millions of patients through interoperable, reliable and performant informatics systems. This chapter introduces general concepts and methods for creating such decision support systems at large (state and even national level) scales.
US federal information technology (IT) programs are often baselined multiple times, resulting in ... more US federal information technology (IT) programs are often baselined multiple times, resulting in wasteful expenditure of taxpayer money. While increasing program scope has often been attributed as a key driver of baseline changes, understanding how execution factors associated with the program may interplay with program scope to affect baseline changes has significant potential for improving the utilization of taxpayer contributions. We take a closer look at three execution factors relevant to federal IT programs – namely the granularity of the program in terms of the number of component activities, the project management competency in the program, and the project management methodology pursued in the program. The empirical analysis is carried out using publicly available data from the US federal government on 250 IT programs across 19 federal agencies. Consistent with our predictions, the results indicate that increasing scope of a federal IT program is associated with increasing f...
Anant Mishra Department of Operations and Management Science Carlson School of Management Univers... more Anant Mishra Department of Operations and Management Science Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455 Ph: (612) 626-9761, Fax: (612) 624-8804 Email: mish0049@umn.edu ... Kingshuk Sinha Department of Operations and ...
This paper presents a model-based approach for competitive analysis of manufacturing plants in th... more This paper presents a model-based approach for competitive analysis of manufacturing plants in the U. S. food processing industry. As part of this approach, plant competitiveness is measured using Operational Competitiveness Ratings Analysis (OCRA) -a new non-parametric method of computing relative inefficiency. Drivers of competitiveness are identified in terms of policies related to plant structure and infrastructure. Policies related to plant structure are those decisions that are related with “bricks and mortar” and have long term implications, such as decisions related to plant size and capacity. Policies related to plant infrastructure are decisions related to how the “ bricks and mortar” are used. These policies are typically under the direct control of the operations managers and have a short-term orientation, such as decisions related to equipment, quality, inventory, workforce and confusion-engendering activities (e.g. new product introductions and product variety). The em...
Public health supply chains are channels through which health commodities are distributed among e... more Public health supply chains are channels through which health commodities are distributed among end-clients. In developing countries, significant resource constraints hamper the effective and efficient delivery of health commodities, leading to supply chain failures such as “stock-outs.” While the prevalence of commodity stock-outs is well-acknowledged, there is little by way of systematic and rigorous empirical research that sheds light on the factors that drive such stock-outs in developing countries. The study documented in this paper is anchored in the “logistics cycle” framework that is well-accepted and widely adopted by organizations involved in managing public health supply chains. Using this framework, we empirically investigate how commodity range and a health facility’s logistics management information system (LMIS) practices impact the likelihood of stock-outs. We estimate our models using a novel field dataset spanning 4,000 health facilities across five developing countries. Our results indicate that the likelihood of stock-outs increases with an expansion in the range of health commodities offered through the public health supply chain. However, the detrimental impact of offering a wider range of health commodities is more severe in resource-constrained rural facilities relative to their urban counterparts. Further, we find that urban facilities can significantly reduce the likelihood of stock-outs by updating their LMIS records on a daily basis. However, in rural facilities, daily LMIS updating is beneficial only when used in conjunction with an electronic LMIS. Our findings have implications for resource allocation to reduce the risk of health commodity stock-outs in developing countries.
... Kingshuk K. Sinha Operations and Management Science Department, 3-150 Carlson School of Manag... more ... Kingshuk K. Sinha Operations and Management Science Department, 3-150 Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, ... Page 2. Sinha and Van de Ven: Designing Work Within and Between Organizations 390 Organization Science 16(4), pp. ...
BIOLOGIA PLANT ARUM 38(1): 47-50, 1996 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Effect of anatoxin Bx on chlorophyll, ... more BIOLOGIA PLANT ARUM 38(1): 47-50, 1996 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Effect of anatoxin Bx on chlorophyll, nucleic acid and protein contents in maize G. PRASAD, KK SINHA and MM ALI University Department of Botany, Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur - 812 007 ... Cherry et al. ...
ABSTRACT Personalization technologies today enable retailers to tailor online purchase interactio... more ABSTRACT Personalization technologies today enable retailers to tailor online purchase interactions to the individual preferences and needs of customers. With personalization being increasingly perceived as a source of competitive advantage, there is a growing trend toward pursuing technology-enabled personalization strategies in online retailing. However, the choice of a retailer whether or not to select into technology-enabled personalization and its implications for customer loyalty are at best ambiguous. This paper is an attempt to resolve this apparent ambiguity. Specifically, the paper conceptualizes retailer selection into technology-enabled personalization strategies relevant to two steps of an online purchase, namely, transaction personalization strategy and decision personalization strategy, based on the operating characteristics of a retailer. The implications of the retailers' self-selection into technology-enabled personalization strategies for customer loyalty are then empirically investigated with data collected from 422 retailers. Further, based on a counterfactual analysis, the paper reveals the implications of making a normatively incorrect decision with respect to personalization strategy. Contrary to popular belief, the results of this study indicate that personalization may not be uniformly beneficial in terms of customer loyalty to all retailers. Although a majority of retailers pursue transaction personalization and realize benefits by way of improved customer loyalty, we find that the choice of a retailer to pursue decision personalization is self-selected and dependent on idiosyncratic characteristics related to its operating context. Retailers that have relatively large-scale operations, provide greater variety and realize higher customer satisfaction with product selection, and that do not necessarily compete on price (i.e., realize lower customer satisfaction with prices relative to competing retailers) are more likely to pursue the decision personalization strategy. Although some retailers pursue decision personalization because they clearly stand to benefit from doing so, other retailers are better off not following suit. Theoretical contributions of the study, managerial implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are identified.
Medical devices play an increasingly significant role in the delivery of health care today. Howev... more Medical devices play an increasingly significant role in the delivery of health care today. However, persistent quality problems with medical devices and the associated recalls present potential health risks to patients and personnel using these devices. This study addresses three key issues in this regard. First, it empirically assesses the financial implications of medical device recalls to understand if these
In a technology project, project integration represents the pooling together of complete, interde... more In a technology project, project integration represents the pooling together of complete, interdependent task modules to form a physical product or software delivering a desired functionality. This study develops and tests a conceptual framework that examines the interrelationships between the elements of work design, project integration challenges, and project performance. We identify two distinct elements of work design in technology projects: (i) the type of project organization based on whether a technology project spans a firm boundary (Domestic-Outsourcing) or a country boundary (Offshore-Insourcing) or both boundaries (Offshore-Outsourcing) or no boundaries (Domestic-Insourcing), and (ii) the joint coordination practices among key stakeholders in a technology project-namely, Onsite Ratio and Joint-Task Ownership. Next, we measure the effectiveness of project integration using integration glitches that capture the incompatibility among interdependent task modules during project integration. Based on analysis of data from 830 technology projects, the results highlight the differential effects of distributed project organizations on integration glitches. Specifically, we find that project organizations that span both firm and country boundaries (Offshore-Outsourcing) experience significantly higher levels of integration glitches compared to domestic project organizations (Domestic-Outsourcing and Domestic-Insourcing). The results further indicate that the relationship between project organization type and integration glitches is moderated by the extent of joint coordination practices in a project. That is, managers can actively lower integration glitches by increasing the levels of onsite ratio and by promoting higher levels of joint-task ownership, particularly in project organization types that span both firm and country boundaries (Offshore-Outsourcing). Finally, the results demonstrate the practical significance of studying integration glitches by highlighting its significant negative effect on project performance.
A total of seven species ofAlternaria: A. alternata (Fr.) Keissler;A. capsici-annui Savul & Sandu... more A total of seven species ofAlternaria: A. alternata (Fr.) Keissler;A. capsici-annui Savul & Sandu;A. citri Ellis & Pierce;A. porri (Ellis) Clfferi;A. radicina Meler, Drechsler & Eddy;A. tenuissima (Kunze: Pers) Wiltshire andA. tomato (Cooke) Jones were screened on rice culture medium for their ability to elaborate five majorAlternaria mycotoxins viz. tenuazonlc acid (TA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT) and altertoxin-l (ATX-I). All the species produced mycotoxins in varying concentrations. A.capsici-annul was recorded as the mycotoxin producer for the first time. ALT byA. citri andA. tomato; ALT, and ATX-I byA. tenuissima; ALT, TA and AME byA. porri and TA byA. radicina are the new additions to the list of mycotoxins produced by the respective species ofAlternaria.
Freshly harvested maize samples, collected from different fields of Bhagalpur during January-Marc... more Freshly harvested maize samples, collected from different fields of Bhagalpur during January-March, 1989, were analysed for the presence of Fusarium species and their toxins.F. moniliforme was most common followed byF. roseum,F. sporotrichioides,F. graminearum andF. equiseti. Different strains of these species produced zearalenone (11.2-28.2 μ/g), DON (0.3-2.9 μg/g) and T-2 (5.2-20.6 μg/g) toxins on mostrice medium. Fifteen per cent, out of 86 maize samples analysed, were found to be contaminated with various levels of above toxins, which occurred either alone or in groups. Toxin concentration in contaminated samples varied from 0.76-1.5 μg/g (ZEN), 0.41-202 μg/g (DON) and 0.55-2.92 μg/g (T-2).
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Papers by Kingshuk Sinha