The present study on “acephate persistence on green pea” was conducted in SKUAST‐Kashmir. The stu... more The present study on “acephate persistence on green pea” was conducted in SKUAST‐Kashmir. The study aimed to determine the persistence, dissipation kinetics and waiting period of acephate on green pea. Acephate was sprayed at 75% soluble powder (SP) at 560 g a.i.ha−1 at the fruiting stage followed by another application at a 10 day interval. A rapid and accurate method (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe, QuEChERS) was used for extraction and the residue was determined by gas chromatography–electron capture detection on a CPSIL‐8CB capillary column (0.25um film thickness, 0.25 mm i.d, 30 m length). At the fortification levels of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg kg−1, the percentage recovery of acephate on green pea was found in the range of 71–107%. The initial deposit of green pea was estimated to be 0.37 mg kg−1. At the indicated dose, the residue of acephate on green pea dissipated below the limit of quantification of 0.05 mg kg−1 after 10 days. Acephate degradation was quick in ...
The morphology, morphometry and biology of Lycoriella castanescens Lengersdorf (Diptera: Sciarida... more The morphology, morphometry and biology of Lycoriella castanescens Lengersdorf (Diptera: Sciaridae) was studied at Mushroom Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-K Shalimar during 2021-22 on mushrooms under temperate conditions of Kashmir. This pest was recorded from June to August. Head capsule width ranged between 0.051-0. 24 mm and increase about 4.70 times was the most reliable feature in identifying instars. The abdominal width of pupae, male and female was 0.87-0.90, 0.35-0.41 and 0.65-0.74 mm respectively. Their widths increased 1.03, 1.17 and 1.15 times. The average development time of egg, different larval instars and pupae in a biological oxygen demand (B.O.D) incubator held at 25± 10C was 2.43-2.92, different larval instars 0.399-7.52 and pupae 2.01-3.33 days respectively. The longevity of adult males and females ranged between 3.11-3.87 and 2.76-3.66 days respectively. The predatory mite, Hypoaspis aculeifer Canestrini (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) w...
Pesticides represent the only group of chemicals that are purposely applied to the environment wi... more Pesticides represent the only group of chemicals that are purposely applied to the environment with aim to suppress plant and animal pests and to protect agricultural and industrial products. However, most of them end in accumulation in the aquatic ecosystems which being the ultimate sink of all contaminants. It not only leads to the accumulation of these xenobiotic compounds in the sediments, but in waters and aquatic organisms as well causing various deleterious effects to them. Therefore it is necessary to assess the level of contamination of pesticides in water, sediments and fishes of natural water bodies to take measures to reduce their level of contamination.
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) the premier fruit and native of South Western Asia and Europe is g... more Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) the premier fruit and native of South Western Asia and Europe is grown all over the world under temperate climate and is the principal fruit crop of J&K State. Presently the area under apple cultivation in Jammu and Kashmir is 1.57 lakh hectares having annual production of 13.48 lakh metric tonnes. Among the temperate fruits in J&K, apple is the principle crop accounting for more than 43 per cent of area, whereas in terms of fruit production, its share is more than 78 per cent. The percentage share of this fruit in respect of area and production at national level is 2.4 and 2.0 per cent respectively. The Jammu & Kashmir state has created a niche in quality apple production and has made tremendous progress during the last decade as the area in the state has increased 16 times, production by about 60 times and productivity by 5 fold [1]. The most important insect pests attacking apple under Kashmir conditions are Sanjose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosu...
The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half life, risk assessment and... more The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half life, risk assessment and novel gas chromatography method for the residue estimation of cypermethrin in green pea by spraying cypermethrin 10EC 50 g a.i.ha-1 at fruiting stage followed by another application at 10-day interval. The sample extraction and clean up was followed by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, and the residues of cypermethrin were determined by validated gas chromatography method. The initial deposits were found to be 1.21 mg kg-1 following the application of insecticide at 50 g a.i. ha-1 . Cypermethrin residues reached below detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 15 days at recommended dosage. The half-life of cypermethrin was found to be 2.66 days at 50 g a.i. ha-1 . For risk assessment studies, the waiting period of 15 day was recommended safe for consumption of the insecticide. The GC-ECD method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines by various analytical parameters including linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable which can be used for standardization of pesticides on fruits and vegetables.
Bioefficacy of nano-formulation of deltamethrin (average particle size of 90 nm) and its conventi... more Bioefficacy of nano-formulation of deltamethrin (average particle size of 90 nm) and its conventional commercial analogue were evaluated under in vitro conditions during the year 2016-2018 against Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum through contact or residual bioassay. Both the insecticide treatments were tested at a range of dose concentrations starting from the recommended concentration of the commercial formulation (0.01%). At this dose conc. (0.01%), mean mortality of 82.95% was obtained in case of nano-formulation which was very high as compared to the mean mortality of 38.77% caused by its commercial analogue. This clearly indicated superior insecticidal activity of nano-formulation and therefore, lower doses for nano-formulation were tested to establish those dose concentrations which invoked equivalent mortality response against T. vaporariorum as the commercial formulation. Nine lower dose concentrations were tested (0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004, 0.0...
Essential oil of Artemisia absinthium (L.) a herbaceous perennial plant widely grown Kashmir vall... more Essential oil of Artemisia absinthium (L.) a herbaceous perennial plant widely grown Kashmir valley was extracted by steam distillation method. The chemical composition of the extracted essential oil showed a total of 17 components, majority being β-thujone (17.25%), p-cymene (13.19%), camphor (12.42%), α terpineol (12.27%), eugenol (12.20%) and terpinen-4-ol (10.10%). The essential oil exhibited fumigant toxicity against the 1-7 days adults of Corcya cephalonica (Stainton), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The LC50 values in case of C. cephalonica, T. castaneum and C. chinensis were 42.45, 48.63 and 58.11 μl L-1 air after 24 hr and 18.23, 34.32 and 41.16 μl L-1 air after 72 hr of exposure, respectively.
Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determina... more Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber by following good agricultural practices. Additionally risk assessment, dissipation and waiting period of profenofos was determined. The average initial deposits (2 h after spraying) of profenofos in/on green pea and cucumber was found 3.41 and 3.62 mg kg-1 respectively following two applications at 10-day interval of profenofos 50EC formulation. Profenofos residues on both the substrates reached below detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 20 days at recommended dosage. For risk assessment studies, the 20th day will be safe for consumers for consumption of green pea. The GC method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines using the various analytical parameters: linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective, repeatable and can be extended for profenofos based standardisation of pesticide formulations containing green pea/cucumber and its use in pesticide industries.
Objectives A field trial was carried out in Kashmir valley to determine the persistence of fenaza... more Objectives A field trial was carried out in Kashmir valley to determine the persistence of fenazaquin 10EC (Magister) in Red Delicious variety of apple at recommended (0.004%) and double the recommended (0.008%) application rates. Methods The spray was conducted one month prior to harvest. The plants treated with simple tap water were treated as control. Samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20 days and harvest. The procedure followed for extraction and cleanup was that of Luke et al. (1985) modified by Sharma (2007) and the final analysis was carried out on a Varian 450 (Walnut Creek, CA, USA) gas chromatograph (GLC) equipped with Thermionic Specific detector (TSD). Results After computation of data, the initial deposit was recorded as 3.18±0.03 μg g−1 and 6.98 ± 0.08 μg g−1 at two concentrations, respectively. Fenazaquin (0.004%) dissipated to 96.91 per cent in 20 days after application and was not detectable beyond this period. Fenazaquin (0.008 %) however, persisted upto 30...
Urban soils are victimized hotspots of compaction and other anthropogenic pressures. Present stud... more Urban soils are victimized hotspots of compaction and other anthropogenic pressures. Present study deliberated on bulk density, moisture content, coarse fraction and distribution of soil organic carbon in Srinagar city of Kashmir Himalaya. In this study, 3 highly polluted roadsides sites (Pantha Chowk, Bemina and Dalgate) and a control site (Dara) were selected. The results show that overall mean value for bulk density was highest at Pantha Chowk (1.38 g cm) and lowest value of 1.11 g cm at Dara. The mean maximum soil moisture (21.03 %) was recorded at Dara and lowest value at Pantha Chowk (11.03 %). Similarly, overall mean of coarse fraction was highest at Patha Chowk, whereas, lowest value corresponded to Dara. Mean values of soil organic carbon were highest (1.02 %) at Dara, and Pantha Chowk exhibited minimum mean value of 0.35 %. It is concluded that soils with low moisture content, high bulk density and high coarse fraction have comparatively less organic carbon content which r...
The anthocorid bug, Blaptostethus pallescens (Poppius) from ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India showed p... more The anthocorid bug, Blaptostethus pallescens (Poppius) from ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India showed positive response against eggs of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster). Feeding potential of an individual bugof B. pallescens from 1st instar to adult was 3.4 to 9.4, 5.2 to 9.6 and 6.2 to 10.0 eggs on 1st 2nd and 3rd day respectively at 1:15 predator prey ratio/ day. Per cent host egg mortality caused by feeding during 3 day’stime, by 1st instar nymph to adult ranged 27.03 to 61.34. Data on rate of consumption among each stage of the predator was found statistically significant on 1st 2nd and 3rd day. Total egg consumption by 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar and adult was worked out as 11.19, 24.52, 27.36, 43.52 and 160.74 respectively. An individual bug in its life time of 35 days consumed 267.33 eggs of pear psylla. Total egg consumption was found strongly correlated with the stage of the predator (r= 0.925**; d.f.= 23). Regression equation between host stage vs. ...
The present study on “acephate persistence on green pea” was conducted in SKUAST‐Kashmir. The stu... more The present study on “acephate persistence on green pea” was conducted in SKUAST‐Kashmir. The study aimed to determine the persistence, dissipation kinetics and waiting period of acephate on green pea. Acephate was sprayed at 75% soluble powder (SP) at 560 g a.i.ha−1 at the fruiting stage followed by another application at a 10 day interval. A rapid and accurate method (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe, QuEChERS) was used for extraction and the residue was determined by gas chromatography–electron capture detection on a CPSIL‐8CB capillary column (0.25um film thickness, 0.25 mm i.d, 30 m length). At the fortification levels of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg kg−1, the percentage recovery of acephate on green pea was found in the range of 71–107%. The initial deposit of green pea was estimated to be 0.37 mg kg−1. At the indicated dose, the residue of acephate on green pea dissipated below the limit of quantification of 0.05 mg kg−1 after 10 days. Acephate degradation was quick in ...
The morphology, morphometry and biology of Lycoriella castanescens Lengersdorf (Diptera: Sciarida... more The morphology, morphometry and biology of Lycoriella castanescens Lengersdorf (Diptera: Sciaridae) was studied at Mushroom Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-K Shalimar during 2021-22 on mushrooms under temperate conditions of Kashmir. This pest was recorded from June to August. Head capsule width ranged between 0.051-0. 24 mm and increase about 4.70 times was the most reliable feature in identifying instars. The abdominal width of pupae, male and female was 0.87-0.90, 0.35-0.41 and 0.65-0.74 mm respectively. Their widths increased 1.03, 1.17 and 1.15 times. The average development time of egg, different larval instars and pupae in a biological oxygen demand (B.O.D) incubator held at 25± 10C was 2.43-2.92, different larval instars 0.399-7.52 and pupae 2.01-3.33 days respectively. The longevity of adult males and females ranged between 3.11-3.87 and 2.76-3.66 days respectively. The predatory mite, Hypoaspis aculeifer Canestrini (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) w...
Pesticides represent the only group of chemicals that are purposely applied to the environment wi... more Pesticides represent the only group of chemicals that are purposely applied to the environment with aim to suppress plant and animal pests and to protect agricultural and industrial products. However, most of them end in accumulation in the aquatic ecosystems which being the ultimate sink of all contaminants. It not only leads to the accumulation of these xenobiotic compounds in the sediments, but in waters and aquatic organisms as well causing various deleterious effects to them. Therefore it is necessary to assess the level of contamination of pesticides in water, sediments and fishes of natural water bodies to take measures to reduce their level of contamination.
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) the premier fruit and native of South Western Asia and Europe is g... more Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) the premier fruit and native of South Western Asia and Europe is grown all over the world under temperate climate and is the principal fruit crop of J&K State. Presently the area under apple cultivation in Jammu and Kashmir is 1.57 lakh hectares having annual production of 13.48 lakh metric tonnes. Among the temperate fruits in J&K, apple is the principle crop accounting for more than 43 per cent of area, whereas in terms of fruit production, its share is more than 78 per cent. The percentage share of this fruit in respect of area and production at national level is 2.4 and 2.0 per cent respectively. The Jammu & Kashmir state has created a niche in quality apple production and has made tremendous progress during the last decade as the area in the state has increased 16 times, production by about 60 times and productivity by 5 fold [1]. The most important insect pests attacking apple under Kashmir conditions are Sanjose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosu...
The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half life, risk assessment and... more The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half life, risk assessment and novel gas chromatography method for the residue estimation of cypermethrin in green pea by spraying cypermethrin 10EC 50 g a.i.ha-1 at fruiting stage followed by another application at 10-day interval. The sample extraction and clean up was followed by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, and the residues of cypermethrin were determined by validated gas chromatography method. The initial deposits were found to be 1.21 mg kg-1 following the application of insecticide at 50 g a.i. ha-1 . Cypermethrin residues reached below detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 15 days at recommended dosage. The half-life of cypermethrin was found to be 2.66 days at 50 g a.i. ha-1 . For risk assessment studies, the waiting period of 15 day was recommended safe for consumption of the insecticide. The GC-ECD method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines by various analytical parameters including linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable which can be used for standardization of pesticides on fruits and vegetables.
Bioefficacy of nano-formulation of deltamethrin (average particle size of 90 nm) and its conventi... more Bioefficacy of nano-formulation of deltamethrin (average particle size of 90 nm) and its conventional commercial analogue were evaluated under in vitro conditions during the year 2016-2018 against Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum through contact or residual bioassay. Both the insecticide treatments were tested at a range of dose concentrations starting from the recommended concentration of the commercial formulation (0.01%). At this dose conc. (0.01%), mean mortality of 82.95% was obtained in case of nano-formulation which was very high as compared to the mean mortality of 38.77% caused by its commercial analogue. This clearly indicated superior insecticidal activity of nano-formulation and therefore, lower doses for nano-formulation were tested to establish those dose concentrations which invoked equivalent mortality response against T. vaporariorum as the commercial formulation. Nine lower dose concentrations were tested (0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004, 0.0...
Essential oil of Artemisia absinthium (L.) a herbaceous perennial plant widely grown Kashmir vall... more Essential oil of Artemisia absinthium (L.) a herbaceous perennial plant widely grown Kashmir valley was extracted by steam distillation method. The chemical composition of the extracted essential oil showed a total of 17 components, majority being β-thujone (17.25%), p-cymene (13.19%), camphor (12.42%), α terpineol (12.27%), eugenol (12.20%) and terpinen-4-ol (10.10%). The essential oil exhibited fumigant toxicity against the 1-7 days adults of Corcya cephalonica (Stainton), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The LC50 values in case of C. cephalonica, T. castaneum and C. chinensis were 42.45, 48.63 and 58.11 μl L-1 air after 24 hr and 18.23, 34.32 and 41.16 μl L-1 air after 72 hr of exposure, respectively.
Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determina... more Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber by following good agricultural practices. Additionally risk assessment, dissipation and waiting period of profenofos was determined. The average initial deposits (2 h after spraying) of profenofos in/on green pea and cucumber was found 3.41 and 3.62 mg kg-1 respectively following two applications at 10-day interval of profenofos 50EC formulation. Profenofos residues on both the substrates reached below detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 20 days at recommended dosage. For risk assessment studies, the 20th day will be safe for consumers for consumption of green pea. The GC method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines using the various analytical parameters: linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective, repeatable and can be extended for profenofos based standardisation of pesticide formulations containing green pea/cucumber and its use in pesticide industries.
Objectives A field trial was carried out in Kashmir valley to determine the persistence of fenaza... more Objectives A field trial was carried out in Kashmir valley to determine the persistence of fenazaquin 10EC (Magister) in Red Delicious variety of apple at recommended (0.004%) and double the recommended (0.008%) application rates. Methods The spray was conducted one month prior to harvest. The plants treated with simple tap water were treated as control. Samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20 days and harvest. The procedure followed for extraction and cleanup was that of Luke et al. (1985) modified by Sharma (2007) and the final analysis was carried out on a Varian 450 (Walnut Creek, CA, USA) gas chromatograph (GLC) equipped with Thermionic Specific detector (TSD). Results After computation of data, the initial deposit was recorded as 3.18±0.03 μg g−1 and 6.98 ± 0.08 μg g−1 at two concentrations, respectively. Fenazaquin (0.004%) dissipated to 96.91 per cent in 20 days after application and was not detectable beyond this period. Fenazaquin (0.008 %) however, persisted upto 30...
Urban soils are victimized hotspots of compaction and other anthropogenic pressures. Present stud... more Urban soils are victimized hotspots of compaction and other anthropogenic pressures. Present study deliberated on bulk density, moisture content, coarse fraction and distribution of soil organic carbon in Srinagar city of Kashmir Himalaya. In this study, 3 highly polluted roadsides sites (Pantha Chowk, Bemina and Dalgate) and a control site (Dara) were selected. The results show that overall mean value for bulk density was highest at Pantha Chowk (1.38 g cm) and lowest value of 1.11 g cm at Dara. The mean maximum soil moisture (21.03 %) was recorded at Dara and lowest value at Pantha Chowk (11.03 %). Similarly, overall mean of coarse fraction was highest at Patha Chowk, whereas, lowest value corresponded to Dara. Mean values of soil organic carbon were highest (1.02 %) at Dara, and Pantha Chowk exhibited minimum mean value of 0.35 %. It is concluded that soils with low moisture content, high bulk density and high coarse fraction have comparatively less organic carbon content which r...
The anthocorid bug, Blaptostethus pallescens (Poppius) from ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India showed p... more The anthocorid bug, Blaptostethus pallescens (Poppius) from ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India showed positive response against eggs of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster). Feeding potential of an individual bugof B. pallescens from 1st instar to adult was 3.4 to 9.4, 5.2 to 9.6 and 6.2 to 10.0 eggs on 1st 2nd and 3rd day respectively at 1:15 predator prey ratio/ day. Per cent host egg mortality caused by feeding during 3 day’stime, by 1st instar nymph to adult ranged 27.03 to 61.34. Data on rate of consumption among each stage of the predator was found statistically significant on 1st 2nd and 3rd day. Total egg consumption by 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar and adult was worked out as 11.19, 24.52, 27.36, 43.52 and 160.74 respectively. An individual bug in its life time of 35 days consumed 267.33 eggs of pear psylla. Total egg consumption was found strongly correlated with the stage of the predator (r= 0.925**; d.f.= 23). Regression equation between host stage vs. ...
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