Journal of Health Organisation and Management, Mar 3, 2023
PurposePrior studies have shown that physician-led hospitals have several advantages over non-phy... more PurposePrior studies have shown that physician-led hospitals have several advantages over non-physician-led hospitals. This study seeks to test whether these advantages also extend to periods of extreme disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which affect bed availability and hospital utilization.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilize a bounded Tobit estimation to identify differences in patient satisfaction rates and in-hospital utilization rates of top-rated hospitals in the United States.FindingsAmong top-rated US hospitals, those that are physician-led achieve higher patient satisfaction ratings and are more likely to have higher utilization rates.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the COVID-19 pandemic generated greater demand for inpatient beds, physician-led hospitals improved their hospitals’ capacity utilization as compared with those led by non-physician leaders. A longitudinal study to show the change over the years and whether physician Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are more likely to improve their hospitals’ ratings than non-physician CEOs is highly recommended.Practical implicationsRecruiting and retaining physicians to lead hospitals, especially during disruptions, improve hospital’s operating efficiency and enhance patient satisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper reviews prior research on physician leadership and adds further insights into the crisis leadership literature. The authors provide evidence based on quantitative data analysis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, physician-led top-rated US hospitals experienced an improvement in operating efficiency.
Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Nov 19, 2013
ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of a reduction in compensation on individual sales perfor... more ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of a reduction in compensation on individual sales performance over time. Sales performance data over a two-year time period were obtained for individuals who remained with their organization after experiencing a reduction in compensation. Using labor economic theory, this study examines how negative compensation changes affect performance and whether individuals’ pay levels affect their reactions to a negative change in pay. To examine these questions, the study uses an interrupted time series with a nonequivalent no-treatment control group method of design. In addition, an alternative panel specification is used for verification. Data on 292 sales individuals are analyzed. The results show that in response to a reduction in compensation, individuals at high pay levels change their effort less than individuals at lower pay levels. The practical implications of these findings provide important insights into contingencies that affect the outcomes of pay-for-performance sales programs.
This study exploits the pathway of Hurricane Laura to assess its impact on the spread of COVID‐19... more This study exploits the pathway of Hurricane Laura to assess its impact on the spread of COVID‐19. Using US hospital data on confirmed and suspected adult COVID‐19 cases, we find average daily cases per week rose by more than 12% primarily in tropical storm‐affected counties in subsequent weeks. We suspect the key mechanisms involve constraints on social distancing for two reasons. First, there is significant evidence of storm‐induced mobility. Second, lower income areas endured higher growth in hospital cases during the post‐hurricane period. These findings provide crucial insights for policy‐makers when designing natural disaster protocols to adjust for potential respiratory viral illnesses.
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which improving doctor-patient comm... more PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which improving doctor-patient communication (DPC) can address and alleviate many healthcare delivery inefficiencies. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The authors survey causes and costs of miscommunication including perceptual gaps between how physicians believe they perform their communicative duties vs how patients feel and highlight thresholds such as the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) used by hospitals to identify health outcomes and improve DPC. FINDINGS The authors find that DPC correlates with better and more accurate care as well as with more satisfied patients. The authors utilize an assessment framework, doctor-patient communication assessment (DPCA), empirically measuring the effectiveness of DPC. While patient care is sometimes viewed as purely technical, there is evidence that DPC strongly predicts clinical outcomes as well as patients' overall ratings of hospitals. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS More research is needed to extend our understanding of the impact of the DPC on the overall HCAHPS ratings of hospitals. The authors think that researchers should adopt a qualitative method (e.g. content analysis) for analyzing DPC discourse. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS When a sufficient amount of DPCA training is initiated, a norming procedure could be developed and a database may be employed to demonstrate training program's efficacy, a critical factor in establishing the credibility of the measurement program and nurturing support for its use. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The authors highlight clinical and operational issues as well as costs associated with miscommunication and the need to use metrics such as HCAHPS that allow consumers to see how hospitals differ on specific characteristics.
Natural disasters have been shown to have a significant impact on migration, particularly among i... more Natural disasters have been shown to have a significant impact on migration, particularly among individuals who have the resources to move and the human capital potential to succeed after the move. This study expands on prior research by examining the impact of disasters on net-migration into high-growth emerging economies. After controlling for a series of macroeconomic factors, the findings show that the frequency of disasters more so than any other impact measure can influence migration decisions.
Puberty is the most important developmental milestone closely preceding a young adult’s labor mar... more Puberty is the most important developmental milestone closely preceding a young adult’s labor market decisions. Thus, we examine the variation in the timing of physical maturity during adolescence to isolate its impact on employment and hourly wages for US young adults. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data, we find an early maturity premium of about 6% for females and 8% for males, but no employment effects, in excess of gains from height and physical attractiveness. Cognitive and personality factors significantly explain this premium for both genders, but job attributes are also important for males.
ABSTRACT Corruption has affected systems of governance for thousands of years. Existing evidence ... more ABSTRACT Corruption has affected systems of governance for thousands of years. Existing evidence suggests that it is especially common in "emerging and developing economies," yet cross-country analysis in this context is rare. We examine the impact of political, economic, and media freedom on corruption in a large sample of countries across multiple time periods to investigate the marginal differences within each. The results show that increased economic and press freedoms are associated with lower levels of corruption in developing countries. We find that although increased political freedom through democratization is statistically significant, it reduces corruption only in developed countries and may increase levels of corruption in developing countries.
Journal of Health Organisation and Management, Mar 3, 2023
PurposePrior studies have shown that physician-led hospitals have several advantages over non-phy... more PurposePrior studies have shown that physician-led hospitals have several advantages over non-physician-led hospitals. This study seeks to test whether these advantages also extend to periods of extreme disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which affect bed availability and hospital utilization.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilize a bounded Tobit estimation to identify differences in patient satisfaction rates and in-hospital utilization rates of top-rated hospitals in the United States.FindingsAmong top-rated US hospitals, those that are physician-led achieve higher patient satisfaction ratings and are more likely to have higher utilization rates.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the COVID-19 pandemic generated greater demand for inpatient beds, physician-led hospitals improved their hospitals’ capacity utilization as compared with those led by non-physician leaders. A longitudinal study to show the change over the years and whether physician Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are more likely to improve their hospitals’ ratings than non-physician CEOs is highly recommended.Practical implicationsRecruiting and retaining physicians to lead hospitals, especially during disruptions, improve hospital’s operating efficiency and enhance patient satisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper reviews prior research on physician leadership and adds further insights into the crisis leadership literature. The authors provide evidence based on quantitative data analysis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, physician-led top-rated US hospitals experienced an improvement in operating efficiency.
Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Nov 19, 2013
ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of a reduction in compensation on individual sales perfor... more ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of a reduction in compensation on individual sales performance over time. Sales performance data over a two-year time period were obtained for individuals who remained with their organization after experiencing a reduction in compensation. Using labor economic theory, this study examines how negative compensation changes affect performance and whether individuals’ pay levels affect their reactions to a negative change in pay. To examine these questions, the study uses an interrupted time series with a nonequivalent no-treatment control group method of design. In addition, an alternative panel specification is used for verification. Data on 292 sales individuals are analyzed. The results show that in response to a reduction in compensation, individuals at high pay levels change their effort less than individuals at lower pay levels. The practical implications of these findings provide important insights into contingencies that affect the outcomes of pay-for-performance sales programs.
This study exploits the pathway of Hurricane Laura to assess its impact on the spread of COVID‐19... more This study exploits the pathway of Hurricane Laura to assess its impact on the spread of COVID‐19. Using US hospital data on confirmed and suspected adult COVID‐19 cases, we find average daily cases per week rose by more than 12% primarily in tropical storm‐affected counties in subsequent weeks. We suspect the key mechanisms involve constraints on social distancing for two reasons. First, there is significant evidence of storm‐induced mobility. Second, lower income areas endured higher growth in hospital cases during the post‐hurricane period. These findings provide crucial insights for policy‐makers when designing natural disaster protocols to adjust for potential respiratory viral illnesses.
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which improving doctor-patient comm... more PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which improving doctor-patient communication (DPC) can address and alleviate many healthcare delivery inefficiencies. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The authors survey causes and costs of miscommunication including perceptual gaps between how physicians believe they perform their communicative duties vs how patients feel and highlight thresholds such as the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) used by hospitals to identify health outcomes and improve DPC. FINDINGS The authors find that DPC correlates with better and more accurate care as well as with more satisfied patients. The authors utilize an assessment framework, doctor-patient communication assessment (DPCA), empirically measuring the effectiveness of DPC. While patient care is sometimes viewed as purely technical, there is evidence that DPC strongly predicts clinical outcomes as well as patients' overall ratings of hospitals. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS More research is needed to extend our understanding of the impact of the DPC on the overall HCAHPS ratings of hospitals. The authors think that researchers should adopt a qualitative method (e.g. content analysis) for analyzing DPC discourse. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS When a sufficient amount of DPCA training is initiated, a norming procedure could be developed and a database may be employed to demonstrate training program's efficacy, a critical factor in establishing the credibility of the measurement program and nurturing support for its use. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The authors highlight clinical and operational issues as well as costs associated with miscommunication and the need to use metrics such as HCAHPS that allow consumers to see how hospitals differ on specific characteristics.
Natural disasters have been shown to have a significant impact on migration, particularly among i... more Natural disasters have been shown to have a significant impact on migration, particularly among individuals who have the resources to move and the human capital potential to succeed after the move. This study expands on prior research by examining the impact of disasters on net-migration into high-growth emerging economies. After controlling for a series of macroeconomic factors, the findings show that the frequency of disasters more so than any other impact measure can influence migration decisions.
Puberty is the most important developmental milestone closely preceding a young adult’s labor mar... more Puberty is the most important developmental milestone closely preceding a young adult’s labor market decisions. Thus, we examine the variation in the timing of physical maturity during adolescence to isolate its impact on employment and hourly wages for US young adults. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data, we find an early maturity premium of about 6% for females and 8% for males, but no employment effects, in excess of gains from height and physical attractiveness. Cognitive and personality factors significantly explain this premium for both genders, but job attributes are also important for males.
ABSTRACT Corruption has affected systems of governance for thousands of years. Existing evidence ... more ABSTRACT Corruption has affected systems of governance for thousands of years. Existing evidence suggests that it is especially common in "emerging and developing economies," yet cross-country analysis in this context is rare. We examine the impact of political, economic, and media freedom on corruption in a large sample of countries across multiple time periods to investigate the marginal differences within each. The results show that increased economic and press freedoms are associated with lower levels of corruption in developing countries. We find that although increased political freedom through democratization is statistically significant, it reduces corruption only in developed countries and may increase levels of corruption in developing countries.
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