1691
year
1691 (MDCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1691st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 691st year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1691, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 16th century – 17th century – 18th century |
| Decades: | 1660s 1670s 1680s – 1690s – 1700s 1710s 1720s |
| Years: | 1688 1689 1690 – 1691 – 1692 1693 1694 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1691 MDCXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2444 |
| Armenian calendar | 1140 ԹՎ ՌՃԽ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6441 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1612–1613 |
| Bengali calendar | 1098 |
| Berber calendar | 2641 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Will. & Mar. – 4 Will. & Mar. |
| Buddhist calendar | 2235 |
| Burmese calendar | 1053 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7199–7200 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 4387 or 4327 — to — 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 4388 or 4328 |
| Coptic calendar | 1407–1408 |
| Discordian calendar | 2857 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1683–1684 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5451–5452 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1747–1748 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1612–1613 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4791–4792 |
| Holocene calendar | 11691 |
| Igbo calendar | 691–692 |
| Iranian calendar | 1069–1070 |
| Islamic calendar | 1102–1103 |
| Japanese calendar | Genroku 4 (元禄４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1614–1615 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 4024 |
| Minguo calendar | 221 before ROC 民前221年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 223 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2233–2234 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1817 or 1436 or 664 — to — 阴金羊年 (female Iron-Goat) 1818 or 1437 or 665 |
Events
change- March 5 – French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons
- March 20 – Leisler's Rebellion – New governor arrives in New York – Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours
- March 29 – Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender
- May 6 – Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Jews in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake
- May 16 – Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason
- October 3 – Treaty of Limerick which guaranteed civil rights to Catholics was signed. (it was broken "before the ink was dry")
- Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Suleiman II (1687-1691) to Ahmed II (1691-1695).
- Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.
- In New England the two separate Colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.
Births
change- February 27 - Edward Cave, English publisher
Deaths
change- January 13 - George Fox, one of the founders of the Quakers
- December 31 - Robert Boyle, Irish scientist