Anaerobic probiotic treatments are new technology for improving the nutritive value of lignocellu... more Anaerobic probiotic treatments are new technology for improving the nutritive value of lignocellulose materials which are the most abundant in agricultural residues and to elevate animal performance. The attachment of microbes to feed particles and the nitrogenous substances play important roles in the biosynthesis of protein by different organisms. Thus, in order to increase digestibility of these roughages, it is important to break the linkage between cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin or to degrade the compact nature of the tissue. There have been attempts to do that by mechanical, chemical or biological treatments and enriching treatments (Gado et al., 2017). Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, and are generally regarded as safe. The anaerobic bacteria sources associated probiotics have better performance than fungi sources with animals (Gado et al., 2017). Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes might enhance attachment and/or improve access to th...
High prices of corn grains due to their shortage in some regions force researcher to explore nonc... more High prices of corn grains due to their shortage in some regions force researcher to explore nonconventional alternatives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grains at 25% (dry matter (DM) basis) with date press cake (DPC) without/with exogenous enzymes at 2 L/ton feed in diets of Barki sheep (24 rams divided as 6 rams/treatment) and Egyptian buffaloes (16 buffaloes divided as 4 buffalo/treatment). Each experiment was conducted under 4 treatments regime: control diet containing only corn grains, T1 diet where the control diet supplemented with exogenous enzyme, T2 diet where the control diet contained DPC on corn replacement (25% DM basis), and T3 diet where the control diet contained DPC on corn replacement (25% DM basis) along with exogenous enzyme supplement. The control diet contained concentrate feed mixture, corn silage, and rice straw at 50:40:10, respectively. Data on nutrient intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep, as well as on blood parameters, milk production, and composition in buffaloes, were analyzed using the PROC GLM/MIXED procedure of SAS. The sheep under T2 and T3 treatments demonstrated greater digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibers, along with improved nitrogen balance. The milk yield and its constituents were improved in the buffaloes under T3 treatment followed by those buffaloes under T2 and T1 treatments. This investigation could conclude that replacing corn grains with DPC at 25% (DM basis) in ruminant diets had beneficial effects on nutrients digestibility and milk yield along with its composition.
SUMMARY Six crossbred sheep (32.00±0.603 kg body weight (BW)) and 6 Baladi goats (18.00±0.703 kg ... more SUMMARY Six crossbred sheep (32.00±0.603 kg body weight (BW)) and 6 Baladi goats (18.00±0.703 kg BW) were used in 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes of ZADO ® ( i.e., ENZ) and on nutrients digestibility and growth performance. Animals were fed on wheat straw ad libitum and restricted amount of commercial concentrate with (+ENZ) or without (-ENZ) 10 g/animal/day of ZADO ® to cover 120% of their maintenance requirements. Nutrients digestibilities were increased (P<0.01) in +ENZ groups and it was better in goats than sheep. Goats had the lowest total dry matter intake (DMI) that associated with an increased in digestibility and average daily gain (ADG) more than sheep. Feed efficiency, metabolizable protein intake and net energy for growth occurred sheep and goats diets of +ENZ and the highest (P<0.01) values were observed in goats received +ENZ diet. These results suggested a good performance of goats than sheep received ENZ under the critical con...
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021
The research was performed at the Department of Animal Production's fish laboratory, National... more The research was performed at the Department of Animal Production's fish laboratory, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt. The research was conducted to assess the impact of commercial powder probiotic (ZADO) on growth efficiency of Nile tilapia mono-sex fish (O. niloticus), which were fed on basal experimental diet (the control group)and other 4 experimental diet, which was the basic diet augmented with 0.25,0.5,0.75 and 1% of ZADO for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The Five experimental treatments were performed in three replicates each, the experimental aquaria were part of closed recirculating system, where environmental parameters were kept constant throughout the experimental period. Fifteen aquaria 60 × 40 × 30 cm, width, depth, and height, respectively each was stocked with 15 fish. The mean individual initial body weight (4.04 g/fish) was recorded at the start of the experiment. All fish in each aquarium throughout the entire experimental period were weighed eve...
The nutritive value of rice straw (RS) and Pleurotus ostreatus spent rice straw (SRS) was studied... more The nutritive value of rice straw (RS) and Pleurotus ostreatus spent rice straw (SRS) was studied by analyzing its proximate composition, fiber fractions, in vitro digestibility, amino acids content and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The possibility of replacing berseem clover (BC; Trifolium alexandrinum) with SRS at different levels also was studied. Results showed higher protein content for SRS compared to RS (3.4 to 11.7%) while, DM, OM, NFE, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose were less for SRS than for RS. Highest concentration of amino acids (mg/100 g) was in SRS compared to RS. The SEM showed an extensive damage of SRS when compared to RS. Data also showed that SRS had higher in vitro dry matter disappearance (DMD) and in vitro organic matter disappearance (OMD) compared to RS. Results of in vitro study also, indicated that the levels of 50 and 90% replacement had the highest values of DMD and OMD compared to the other levels. It could be concluded from this s...
The present experiment was designed to study the effects of vitamin mixtures and exogenous enzyme... more The present experiment was designed to study the effects of vitamin mixtures and exogenous enzymes ZADO® in alleviaties heat stress in ewes in summer temperatures (25–44°C) compared with winter temperatures (8–22°C). Fifty lactating Ossimi ewes were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups. In summer, the experiment included four treatments: (i) control i.e., normal summer conditions, no supplements (control 2), (ii) ewes supplemented with 10 g/head/day of ZADO® mixed in the concentrate, (iii) ewes supplemented with vitamin AD3E (250 mg/kg BW) and C (45 mg/kg BW) mixture, and (iv) ewes supplemented with ZADO® and vitamin mixture as above. In winter, the treatment comprised of assessments only under normal winter condition (8 to 22°C) without any additives (control 1). Blood and milk samples from each ewe were collected biweekly throughout lactation. Results indicate that plasma total protein, total lipids and glucose, and milk production and composition were decreased (P<0.01) in...
This work was conducted to assess the nutritive val ue of four browse leaves ( Acacia saligna, At... more This work was conducted to assess the nutritive val ue of four browse leaves ( Acacia saligna, Atriplex halimus, Lucena leucocephala, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis ) grown in the northern region of Egypt using the c eacum content obtained directly after slaughtering of 12 New Zealand White rabbits. ZADO , enzymic preparation containing cellulases, xylanases, α-amylase and proteases from an anaerobic bacterium (patent No. 22155 of Egypt) was added at 0, 2 or 5 mg/ml of buffered cae cal content. In vitro caecal gas production after 24 h of incubations (IVGP24) and dry matter degradability (IVDMD) were determi ned. Crude protein content of browse leaves ranged from 105 g/kg DM ( A. halimus) to 221 g/kg DM ( L. leucocephala ). The highest ether extract (68 g/kg) was in L. leucocephala , while this species had the lowest neutral deterge nt fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin content. E. camaldulensis had the highest NDF, ADF and lignin. Total extractable phe...
It was evaluated the effect of adding Salix babylonica L. extracts and exogenous enzymes in combi... more It was evaluated the effect of adding Salix babylonica L. extracts and exogenous enzymes in combination or individually on meat quality in growing Suffolk lambs. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were: (i) Control: basal diet of concentrate (30%) mixture and corn silage roughage (70%); (ii) EZE (exogenous enzymes): basal diet plus 10 g of enzyme (Zado®); (iii) SB (Salix babylonica): basal diet plus 30 ml of S babylonica extracts, and (iv) EZESB (exogenous enzymes + Salix babylonica): basal diet plus 10 g enzyme and 30 ml of S. Babylonica extracts. Lambs were housed in individual cages for 60 days. Extracts were dosed orally while EZE was mixed with concentrate. At the end of the trial, lambs were slaughtered and Longissimus dorsi samples were analysed. Samples were analysed for CP, CF, ash and DM. Meat quality parameters included color, pH, carcass temperature and kidney fat. No significant differences for live w...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous enzymes (ENZ) on nutrient pr... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous enzymes (ENZ) on nutrient profile and ruminal degradability of rice straw (RS), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and their mixture (RS with 10% DDGS). Ten samples of each fibrous feed were mixed with ZAD® (mixture of cellulases, xylanaxes, proteases and alpha amylase). ENZ was added at 0, 1 and 3 L to one ton of the fibrous feeds and the mixture was ensiled for 30 days. Feed samples were incubated for 72 h in rumen liquor of sheep to determine the degradability of DM, NDF and ADF. Pretreatment of feeds and their mixture (RS and DDGS) with ENZ at 3 L were increased (P<0.01) the degradation of NDF and ADF. Degradation fractions (a, b, (a+b) and c) of feeds were improved (P<0.01) at 3 L of ENZ, except the c of NDF and ADF of RS which were not affected by ENZ treatment. The results suggested a strong potential in improving digestion of RS and DDGS as well as their mixture with the pretreatment with EN...
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous enzyme (EZ) and Salix babylonica ... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous enzyme (EZ) and Salix babylonica L. (SB) extract on cellular immune response, and its correlation with average daily weight gain (ADG). Twenty Suffolk lambs, 6–8 months of age and average live weight of 24±0.3 kg, were used in a trial which lasted 60 days. The lambs were distributed into 4 groups of 5 lambs each and housed in individual 1.5x1.5 m cages in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: (i) Control; lambs consuming basal diet (BD) only; (ii) EZ; lambs consuming BD plus 10g of EZ (ZADO®); (iii) SB; lambs consuming BD plus 30 mL of SB, and (iv) EZSB; lambs consuming BD plus 10g EZ and 30 mL of SB. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 and analysed for helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T limphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. Treatments had no effect on parameters measured, but day of sampling had linear and cubic effects on helper T lymphocytes, granulocytes and m...
Anaerobic probiotic treatments are new technology for improving the nutritive value of lignocellu... more Anaerobic probiotic treatments are new technology for improving the nutritive value of lignocellulose materials which are the most abundant in agricultural residues and to elevate animal performance. The attachment of microbes to feed particles and the nitrogenous substances play important roles in the biosynthesis of protein by different organisms. Thus, in order to increase digestibility of these roughages, it is important to break the linkage between cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin or to degrade the compact nature of the tissue. There have been attempts to do that by mechanical, chemical or biological treatments and enriching treatments (Gado et al., 2017). Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, and are generally regarded as safe. The anaerobic bacteria sources associated probiotics have better performance than fungi sources with animals (Gado et al., 2017). Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes might enhance attachment and/or improve access to th...
High prices of corn grains due to their shortage in some regions force researcher to explore nonc... more High prices of corn grains due to their shortage in some regions force researcher to explore nonconventional alternatives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grains at 25% (dry matter (DM) basis) with date press cake (DPC) without/with exogenous enzymes at 2 L/ton feed in diets of Barki sheep (24 rams divided as 6 rams/treatment) and Egyptian buffaloes (16 buffaloes divided as 4 buffalo/treatment). Each experiment was conducted under 4 treatments regime: control diet containing only corn grains, T1 diet where the control diet supplemented with exogenous enzyme, T2 diet where the control diet contained DPC on corn replacement (25% DM basis), and T3 diet where the control diet contained DPC on corn replacement (25% DM basis) along with exogenous enzyme supplement. The control diet contained concentrate feed mixture, corn silage, and rice straw at 50:40:10, respectively. Data on nutrient intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep, as well as on blood parameters, milk production, and composition in buffaloes, were analyzed using the PROC GLM/MIXED procedure of SAS. The sheep under T2 and T3 treatments demonstrated greater digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibers, along with improved nitrogen balance. The milk yield and its constituents were improved in the buffaloes under T3 treatment followed by those buffaloes under T2 and T1 treatments. This investigation could conclude that replacing corn grains with DPC at 25% (DM basis) in ruminant diets had beneficial effects on nutrients digestibility and milk yield along with its composition.
SUMMARY Six crossbred sheep (32.00±0.603 kg body weight (BW)) and 6 Baladi goats (18.00±0.703 kg ... more SUMMARY Six crossbred sheep (32.00±0.603 kg body weight (BW)) and 6 Baladi goats (18.00±0.703 kg BW) were used in 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes of ZADO ® ( i.e., ENZ) and on nutrients digestibility and growth performance. Animals were fed on wheat straw ad libitum and restricted amount of commercial concentrate with (+ENZ) or without (-ENZ) 10 g/animal/day of ZADO ® to cover 120% of their maintenance requirements. Nutrients digestibilities were increased (P<0.01) in +ENZ groups and it was better in goats than sheep. Goats had the lowest total dry matter intake (DMI) that associated with an increased in digestibility and average daily gain (ADG) more than sheep. Feed efficiency, metabolizable protein intake and net energy for growth occurred sheep and goats diets of +ENZ and the highest (P<0.01) values were observed in goats received +ENZ diet. These results suggested a good performance of goats than sheep received ENZ under the critical con...
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021
The research was performed at the Department of Animal Production's fish laboratory, National... more The research was performed at the Department of Animal Production's fish laboratory, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt. The research was conducted to assess the impact of commercial powder probiotic (ZADO) on growth efficiency of Nile tilapia mono-sex fish (O. niloticus), which were fed on basal experimental diet (the control group)and other 4 experimental diet, which was the basic diet augmented with 0.25,0.5,0.75 and 1% of ZADO for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The Five experimental treatments were performed in three replicates each, the experimental aquaria were part of closed recirculating system, where environmental parameters were kept constant throughout the experimental period. Fifteen aquaria 60 × 40 × 30 cm, width, depth, and height, respectively each was stocked with 15 fish. The mean individual initial body weight (4.04 g/fish) was recorded at the start of the experiment. All fish in each aquarium throughout the entire experimental period were weighed eve...
The nutritive value of rice straw (RS) and Pleurotus ostreatus spent rice straw (SRS) was studied... more The nutritive value of rice straw (RS) and Pleurotus ostreatus spent rice straw (SRS) was studied by analyzing its proximate composition, fiber fractions, in vitro digestibility, amino acids content and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The possibility of replacing berseem clover (BC; Trifolium alexandrinum) with SRS at different levels also was studied. Results showed higher protein content for SRS compared to RS (3.4 to 11.7%) while, DM, OM, NFE, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose were less for SRS than for RS. Highest concentration of amino acids (mg/100 g) was in SRS compared to RS. The SEM showed an extensive damage of SRS when compared to RS. Data also showed that SRS had higher in vitro dry matter disappearance (DMD) and in vitro organic matter disappearance (OMD) compared to RS. Results of in vitro study also, indicated that the levels of 50 and 90% replacement had the highest values of DMD and OMD compared to the other levels. It could be concluded from this s...
The present experiment was designed to study the effects of vitamin mixtures and exogenous enzyme... more The present experiment was designed to study the effects of vitamin mixtures and exogenous enzymes ZADO® in alleviaties heat stress in ewes in summer temperatures (25–44°C) compared with winter temperatures (8–22°C). Fifty lactating Ossimi ewes were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups. In summer, the experiment included four treatments: (i) control i.e., normal summer conditions, no supplements (control 2), (ii) ewes supplemented with 10 g/head/day of ZADO® mixed in the concentrate, (iii) ewes supplemented with vitamin AD3E (250 mg/kg BW) and C (45 mg/kg BW) mixture, and (iv) ewes supplemented with ZADO® and vitamin mixture as above. In winter, the treatment comprised of assessments only under normal winter condition (8 to 22°C) without any additives (control 1). Blood and milk samples from each ewe were collected biweekly throughout lactation. Results indicate that plasma total protein, total lipids and glucose, and milk production and composition were decreased (P<0.01) in...
This work was conducted to assess the nutritive val ue of four browse leaves ( Acacia saligna, At... more This work was conducted to assess the nutritive val ue of four browse leaves ( Acacia saligna, Atriplex halimus, Lucena leucocephala, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis ) grown in the northern region of Egypt using the c eacum content obtained directly after slaughtering of 12 New Zealand White rabbits. ZADO , enzymic preparation containing cellulases, xylanases, α-amylase and proteases from an anaerobic bacterium (patent No. 22155 of Egypt) was added at 0, 2 or 5 mg/ml of buffered cae cal content. In vitro caecal gas production after 24 h of incubations (IVGP24) and dry matter degradability (IVDMD) were determi ned. Crude protein content of browse leaves ranged from 105 g/kg DM ( A. halimus) to 221 g/kg DM ( L. leucocephala ). The highest ether extract (68 g/kg) was in L. leucocephala , while this species had the lowest neutral deterge nt fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin content. E. camaldulensis had the highest NDF, ADF and lignin. Total extractable phe...
It was evaluated the effect of adding Salix babylonica L. extracts and exogenous enzymes in combi... more It was evaluated the effect of adding Salix babylonica L. extracts and exogenous enzymes in combination or individually on meat quality in growing Suffolk lambs. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were: (i) Control: basal diet of concentrate (30%) mixture and corn silage roughage (70%); (ii) EZE (exogenous enzymes): basal diet plus 10 g of enzyme (Zado®); (iii) SB (Salix babylonica): basal diet plus 30 ml of S babylonica extracts, and (iv) EZESB (exogenous enzymes + Salix babylonica): basal diet plus 10 g enzyme and 30 ml of S. Babylonica extracts. Lambs were housed in individual cages for 60 days. Extracts were dosed orally while EZE was mixed with concentrate. At the end of the trial, lambs were slaughtered and Longissimus dorsi samples were analysed. Samples were analysed for CP, CF, ash and DM. Meat quality parameters included color, pH, carcass temperature and kidney fat. No significant differences for live w...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous enzymes (ENZ) on nutrient pr... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous enzymes (ENZ) on nutrient profile and ruminal degradability of rice straw (RS), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and their mixture (RS with 10% DDGS). Ten samples of each fibrous feed were mixed with ZAD® (mixture of cellulases, xylanaxes, proteases and alpha amylase). ENZ was added at 0, 1 and 3 L to one ton of the fibrous feeds and the mixture was ensiled for 30 days. Feed samples were incubated for 72 h in rumen liquor of sheep to determine the degradability of DM, NDF and ADF. Pretreatment of feeds and their mixture (RS and DDGS) with ENZ at 3 L were increased (P<0.01) the degradation of NDF and ADF. Degradation fractions (a, b, (a+b) and c) of feeds were improved (P<0.01) at 3 L of ENZ, except the c of NDF and ADF of RS which were not affected by ENZ treatment. The results suggested a strong potential in improving digestion of RS and DDGS as well as their mixture with the pretreatment with EN...
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous enzyme (EZ) and Salix babylonica ... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous enzyme (EZ) and Salix babylonica L. (SB) extract on cellular immune response, and its correlation with average daily weight gain (ADG). Twenty Suffolk lambs, 6–8 months of age and average live weight of 24±0.3 kg, were used in a trial which lasted 60 days. The lambs were distributed into 4 groups of 5 lambs each and housed in individual 1.5x1.5 m cages in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: (i) Control; lambs consuming basal diet (BD) only; (ii) EZ; lambs consuming BD plus 10g of EZ (ZADO®); (iii) SB; lambs consuming BD plus 30 mL of SB, and (iv) EZSB; lambs consuming BD plus 10g EZ and 30 mL of SB. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 and analysed for helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T limphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. Treatments had no effect on parameters measured, but day of sampling had linear and cubic effects on helper T lymphocytes, granulocytes and m...
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