Nauka o materijalima

Nauka o materijalima je interdisciplinarna nauka, koja izučava osobine materije i njenu primenu na razna područja nauke i inženjerstva. Ona se koristi elementima primenjene fizike i hemije, kao i hemijskog, mehaničkog, građevinskog i električnog inženjerstva.^[1]^[2]^[3] Kako je pažnja medija u sve većoj meri usredsređena na nanonauku i nanotehnologiju, nauka o materijalima dobija sve veći značaj na svim univerzitetima.

Istorija

Čitave ere u istoriji Zemlje dobijale su naziv po materijalu, koji je tada bio najzastupljeniji: kameno doba, bronzano doba i doba čelika su primeri. Nauka o materijalima je jedna od najstarijih formi inženjerstva i primenjene nauke. Savremena nauka o materijalima izrasla je, direktno, iz metalurgije, dok je metalurgija izrasla iz rudarstva. Pivotalno otkriće u razumijevanju materijala dogodilo se u kasnom 19. veku, kada je Vilard Gibs pokazao da termodinamičke osobine atomske strukture u raznim fazama uslovljavaju fizička svojstva materijala. Značajni elementi savremene nauke o materijalima su ishod svemirske trke: shvatanje i inženjerstvo metalnih legura i ostalih materijala, koji su ulazili u konstrukcije svemirskih vozila. Nauka o materijalima je omogućila ova istrživanja, te je učestvovala i u razvoju drugih revolucionarnih tehnologija, kao što su plastika, poluprovodnici i biomaterijali.

Pre 60-tih godina 20. veka (u nekim slučajevima i decenijama kasnije), delovi nauke o materijalima bili su nazivani metalurškim, zbog naglaska na upotrebi metala iz 19. i ranog 20. veka. Od tada, ova nauka se proširila, te danas obuhvata sve vrste materijala, uključujući: keramiku, polimere, poluprovodnike, magnetne materijale, materijale za medicinske implante, te biološke materijale.

Povezano

Reference

↑ Ashby, Michael; Hugh Shercliff and David Cebon (2007). Materials: engineering, science, processing and design (1st izd.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.
↑ Askeland, Donald R.; Pradeep P. Phulé (2005). The Science & Engineering of Materials (5th izd.). Thomson-Engineering. ISBN 0-534-55396-6.
↑ Callister, Jr., William D. (2000). Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction (5th izd.). John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32013-7.

Literatura

Eberhart, Mark (2003). Why Things Break: Understanding the World by the Way It Comes Apart. Harmony. ISBN 1-4000-4760-9.
Gaskell, David R. (1995). Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials (4th izd.). Taylor and Francis Publishing. ISBN 1-56032-992-0.
Gordon, James Edward (1984). The New Science of Strong Materials or Why You Don't Fall Through the Floor (eissue izd.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02380-8.
Mathews, F.L. & Rawlings, R.D. (1999). Composite Materials: Engineering and Science. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0621-1.
Lewis, P.R., Reynolds, K. & Gagg, C. (2003). Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Wachtman, John B. (1996). Mechanical Properties of Ceramics. New York: Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley & Son's. ISBN 0-471-13316-7.
Walker, P., ur. (1993). Chambers Dictionary of Materials Science and Technology. Chambers Publishing. ISBN 0-550-13249-X.
Timeline of Materials Science Arhivirano 2011-07-27 na Wayback Machine-u at The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) – Accessed March 2007
Burns, G.; Glazer, A.M. (1990). Space Groups for Scientists and Engineers (2nd izd.). Boston: Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 0-12-145761-3.
Cullity, B.D. (1978). Elements of X-Ray Diffraction (2nd izd.). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 0-534-55396-6.
Giacovazzo, C; Monaco HL, Viterbo D, Scordari F, Gilli G, Zanotti G, and Catti M (1992). Fundamentals of Crystallography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-855578-4.
Green, D.J.; Hannink, R.; Swain, M.V. (1989). Transformation Toughening of Ceramics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-6594-5.
Lovesey, S. W. (1984). Theory of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter; Volume 1: Neutron Scattering. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-852015-8.
Lovesey, S. W. (1984). Theory of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter; Volume 2: Condensed Matter. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-852017-4.
O'Keeffe, M.; Hyde, B.G. (1996). Crystal Structures; I. Patterns and Symmetry. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, Monograph Series. ISBN 0-939950-40-5.
Squires, G.L. (1996). Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering (2nd izd.). Mineola, New York: Dover Publications Inc. ISBN 0-486-69447-X.
Young, R.A., ur. (1993). The Rietveld Method. Oxford: Oxford University Press & International Union of Crystallography. ISBN 0-19-855577-6.
Ashby, Michael; Hugh Shercliff and David Cebon (2007). Materials: engineering, science, processing and design (1st izd.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.
Askeland, Donald R.; Pradeep P. Phulé (2005). The Science & Engineering of Materials (5th izd.). Thomson-Engineering. ISBN 0-534-55396-6.
Callister, Jr., William D. (2000). Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction (5th izd.). John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32013-7.

Spoljašnje veze

Portal Hemija

[1] Ashby, Michael; Hugh Shercliff and David Cebon (2007). Materials: engineering, science, processing and design (1st izd.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.

[2] Askeland, Donald R.; Pradeep P. Phulé (2005). The Science & Engineering of Materials (5th izd.). Thomson-Engineering. ISBN 0-534-55396-6.

[3] Callister, Jr., William D. (2000). Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction (5th izd.). John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32013-7.

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