Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which ... more Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which we all the members of the human family are equally entitled without any discrimination as to race, religion, nationality, color, gender, language, place of birth or any other status. The knowledge of human rights is a sine qua non for the accurate endurance of every human being of the planet. As a human being it is the duty of every person to know what are the human rights, what rights he or she belongs to and how these rights can be enjoyed without any obstruction from the other side. Simultaneously it is the obligation of every governmental and international authority to ensure the effective implementation of these rights so that no member of the human family becomes deprived of enjoying these and exposed to the consequences ensuing from the violation of any of these rights. International human rights law is that body of international law, which is designed to protect human rights at the global, regional and domestic levels. This law consists of numerous regional and global instruments that set standards for human rights, enforcement and institutional mechanisms for their implementation and customary norms. The modern global human rights concept has grossly been developed from the revulsions of the World War II. The UN Charter (1945) enshrined the guarantees to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights for all and the UDHR (1948) was the first material stride toward that vow. The emergence of human rights law is one of the most significant advancements in the world that have taken place since the end of the World War II. Human rights law entails both rights and obligations and States assume obligations under international law to protect and fulfill these rights. Human rights are also conceived as minimum conditions for the human life and dignity and these are so significant for the development of human being that mere respect to these will not suffice; rather the proper and effective implementation and observance is also indispensible. This law by its international treaties lays down certain duties and sets some mechanisms for the governments of different states to act in certain manners to protect,
Nowadays the knowledge-based higher education especially in legal fields has become the most prof... more Nowadays the knowledge-based higher education especially in legal fields has become the most profitable sector of earnings worldwide. Most of the occidental States consider the higher legal education as a lucrative business for financial gain, hence the prospective law students suffer from the funding constrains and naturally most of them drop-out from their cherished dream of higher professional career. Universally education is the most fundamental key to success in general for all, thus the educational business is more secured and of low risk in view of investment. The engagement of law students has become a big challenge in the higher educational institutions, especially when distance learning is getting more popular. The ICT-based distance learning (some experts termed as E-Learning or D-Learning as well) is a mode of delivering legal education often on an individual basis conveyed to the law students who are not physically present in a traditional institutional setting such as a classroom-based education. The distance learning can also be delivered through online-based communication that has become a popular method because of its huge access and affordability. It is an off-campus legal education where the law students can easily communicate with the concerned institutions. Bangladesh Open University (BOU) is the only public university that is offering distance education in Bangladesh and it has opened up new vistas in distance education in the country. In lieu of campus based teaching, this university uses technology including electronic devices to reach people in various corners of the country. The Bhuiyan Academy is the first institution in Bangladesh to get the permission of University of London to conduct Certificate of Higher Education in Common Law. It is recognized as the pioneer in this country that provides tuition with all modern facilities to LLB (Hons) students of the international programs under the University of London, UK. The Academy is a privately-owned centre for quality teaching and skill-development for the students who are registered with the University of London in the Distance Learning Programs. With the University of London International Programs, a wide range of diploma, undergraduate and master's level courses can
The present world is witnessing increased attention on the issues concerning Intellectual Propert... more The present world is witnessing increased attention on the issues concerning Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in the policy making at both national and global levels. IPRs are the rights given to people over the creations of their minds and often considered the ownership rights for the use of innovative works and is measured to promote innovation, investment in science and technology for the public welfare. This right is outlined in Article 27(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) which provides that " Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. " Protection and promotion of this right is a sine qua non for ensuring that the technological and economic developments resulted from the labours of innovative people should be appreciated. The IPRs provide the owners of IP the legally enforceable power to prevent others from using an intellectual creation or to set the terms on which it can be used. Only a strong system of IP protection can create an atmosphere where the innovative industries flourish to promote the overall economic development of a country.
Sea is a large body of water that is surrounded by the land. It is a crucial part of human trade ... more Sea is a large body of water that is surrounded by the land. It is a crucial part of human trade and commerce, voyage, mineral extraction, power generation and is also considered as an essential source of blue economy nowadays. International law of the sea is a law of maritime space that peacefully settles the global disputes on maritime boundary between or among the States and defines various jurisdictions of the maritime zones as well as the rights and obligations of the coastal States in these zones, especially with regard to the conservation of marine environment and biodiversity. The key objective of this piece of academic research is to demonstrate a brief overview of the international law of the sea with a special emphasize on the sources and legal framework of this law. This study also strives to focus the civil and criminal liability, jurisdictions, rights and obligations of the coastal states with regard to the different maritime zones. Furthermore this study delineates the rules and extent of using these maritime zones in the light of various treaty provisions on the international law of the sea where different adjudicated cases are also presented along with a profound scrutiny upon their fact, issues, judgment and reasoning.
It is widely accepted that the principle of non-refoulement is the fundamental principle deep roo... more It is widely accepted that the principle of non-refoulement is the fundamental principle deep rooted in the conventional international practice for the protection of refugees. The influx of refugees can not be managed even by strict observance of the non-refoulement principle if the influx gets so gigantic form that it becomes a trans-boundary crisis of the world. Recent refugee crisis in Middle East and Europe caused by war in Syria and Iraq shows blatantly the limitation of the current laws and mechanisms to protect refugees. Over the centuries, societies have been welcoming the victims of persecution frightened and weary strangers. The protection of persecuted people has been of paramount concern to the world community since the establishment of the United Nations. The legal basis of international protection may be either the conventional international law or customary international law. This research, however, intends to explore the deeper meaning of persecution to get a better understanding of the refugee protection under the non-refoulement principle. It further seeks to scrutinize the formation of the principle of non-refoulement, find out the universal meaning of the prohibition of refoulement, to identify, analyze and compare in a systematic way the common features contained in the prohibitions of refoulement, to assess the human rights implication of this principle and to search the reformulation of the definition of non-refoulement principle in finding out the keys to the solution of big refugee crises.
The concept of human rights is not new but the implementation mechanisms of human rights at natio... more The concept of human rights is not new but the implementation mechanisms of human rights at national, regional and international level remain quite newer than the concept. The paper examines the implementation mechanisms of international human rights regime on governments' human rights practices. The paper put forward an explanation that highlights a " paradox of empty promises " by the governments in implementing human rights. The core argument of the authors is that the universal institutionalization of human rights has created an international context in which governments often ratify human rights treaties as a matter of window dressing, thoroughly decoupling guiding principle from practice and at times exacerbating off-putting human rights practices, but the embryonic global legitimacy of human rights exerts independent universal civil society effects that perk up states' actual human rights practices.
Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which ... more Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which we all are equally entitled without any discrimination as to race, religion, nationality, color, gender, language, place of birth or any other status. These rights are also called the interrelated, interdependent and self-evident rights. These rights cannot be divided or categorized, i.e., the human rights are obvious and all rights are equally important or one right cannot be emphasized over the other. The knowledge of human rights is a sine qua non for the accurate endurance of every human being of the planet. As a human being it is the duty of every person to know what are the human rights, what rights s/he belongs to and how these rights can be enjoyed without any obstruction from the other side. Simultaneously it is the obligation of every governmental and international authority or body to ensure the effective implementation of these rights so that no member of the human family becomes deprived of enjoying these and exposed to the consequences ensuing from the violation of any of these rights. This academic piece of research work strives to provide a wide definition of human rights, illustrate its significance and finally gives an overview of the international human rights as well. Another significant aim of this research is to focus the implementation mechanism of these rights in domestic, regional and international aspects. That is to say, it will look at the various mechanisms of enforcement within the universal system, regional system and at enforcement within the state. This article also intends to critically analyze the importance of increasing the respect and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for the overall development of human being.
This article aspires to deal and elucidate the recent trend of the fanaticism, evidenced in invol... more This article aspires to deal and elucidate the recent trend of the fanaticism, evidenced in involving young, smart and students in religious extremism in Bangladesh. The trend is very alarming and formidable and thus, it has become a serious signal to be concerned for immediate response by all state-corners. Religious radicalism in global perspective is not a new phenomenon but the new dimension here we have had in Bangladesh and the way we had to deal with the youngsters-extremists during the last couple of attacks and counter attacks are very indispensable to analyse its painstaking diversities. Bangladesh is a land of peaceful coexistence and we do have very good communal understanding regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, colour, sex, religions, regions and so forth. The perverted idealistic religious radicalism indeed exported from the Middle East-based various extremists groups but the followers are home-grown because of many intertwined reasons. This issue is very vital and it should be considered a priority-based agenda to be tackled with iron hand. However, the effort of this article is to develop a both realistic and idealistic prescription as to adopt instant measures in order to assure a peaceful milieu for all concerns.
Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which ... more Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which we all the members of the human family are equally entitled without any discrimination as to race, religion, nationality, color, gender, language, place of birth or any other status. The knowledge of human rights is a sine qua non for the accurate endurance of every human being of the planet. As a human being it is the duty of every person to know what are the human rights, what rights he or she belongs to and how these rights can be enjoyed without any obstruction from the other side. Simultaneously it is the obligation of every governmental and international authority to ensure the effective implementation of these rights so that no member of the human family becomes deprived of enjoying these and exposed to the consequences ensuing from the violation of any of these rights. International human rights law is that body of international law, which is designed to protect human rights at the global, regional and domestic levels. This law consists of numerous regional and global instruments that set standards for human rights, enforcement and institutional mechanisms for their implementation and customary norms. The modern global human rights concept has grossly been developed from the revulsions of the World War II. The UN Charter (1945) enshrined the guarantees to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights for all and the UDHR (1948) was the first material stride toward that vow. The emergence of human rights law is one of the most significant advancements in the world that have taken place since the end of the World War II. Human rights law entails both rights and obligations and States assume obligations under international law to protect and fulfill these rights. Human rights are also conceived as minimum conditions for the human life and dignity and these are so significant for the development of human being that mere respect to these will not suffice; rather the proper and effective implementation and observance is also indispensible. This law by its international treaties lays down certain duties and sets some mechanisms for the governments of different states to act in certain manners to protect,
Nowadays the knowledge-based higher education especially in legal fields has become the most prof... more Nowadays the knowledge-based higher education especially in legal fields has become the most profitable sector of earnings worldwide. Most of the occidental States consider the higher legal education as a lucrative business for financial gain, hence the prospective law students suffer from the funding constrains and naturally most of them drop-out from their cherished dream of higher professional career. Universally education is the most fundamental key to success in general for all, thus the educational business is more secured and of low risk in view of investment. The engagement of law students has become a big challenge in the higher educational institutions, especially when distance learning is getting more popular. The ICT-based distance learning (some experts termed as E-Learning or D-Learning as well) is a mode of delivering legal education often on an individual basis conveyed to the law students who are not physically present in a traditional institutional setting such as a classroom-based education. The distance learning can also be delivered through online-based communication that has become a popular method because of its huge access and affordability. It is an off-campus legal education where the law students can easily communicate with the concerned institutions. Bangladesh Open University (BOU) is the only public university that is offering distance education in Bangladesh and it has opened up new vistas in distance education in the country. In lieu of campus based teaching, this university uses technology including electronic devices to reach people in various corners of the country. The Bhuiyan Academy is the first institution in Bangladesh to get the permission of University of London to conduct Certificate of Higher Education in Common Law. It is recognized as the pioneer in this country that provides tuition with all modern facilities to LLB (Hons) students of the international programs under the University of London, UK. The Academy is a privately-owned centre for quality teaching and skill-development for the students who are registered with the University of London in the Distance Learning Programs. With the University of London International Programs, a wide range of diploma, undergraduate and master's level courses can
The present world is witnessing increased attention on the issues concerning Intellectual Propert... more The present world is witnessing increased attention on the issues concerning Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in the policy making at both national and global levels. IPRs are the rights given to people over the creations of their minds and often considered the ownership rights for the use of innovative works and is measured to promote innovation, investment in science and technology for the public welfare. This right is outlined in Article 27(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) which provides that " Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. " Protection and promotion of this right is a sine qua non for ensuring that the technological and economic developments resulted from the labours of innovative people should be appreciated. The IPRs provide the owners of IP the legally enforceable power to prevent others from using an intellectual creation or to set the terms on which it can be used. Only a strong system of IP protection can create an atmosphere where the innovative industries flourish to promote the overall economic development of a country.
Sea is a large body of water that is surrounded by the land. It is a crucial part of human trade ... more Sea is a large body of water that is surrounded by the land. It is a crucial part of human trade and commerce, voyage, mineral extraction, power generation and is also considered as an essential source of blue economy nowadays. International law of the sea is a law of maritime space that peacefully settles the global disputes on maritime boundary between or among the States and defines various jurisdictions of the maritime zones as well as the rights and obligations of the coastal States in these zones, especially with regard to the conservation of marine environment and biodiversity. The key objective of this piece of academic research is to demonstrate a brief overview of the international law of the sea with a special emphasize on the sources and legal framework of this law. This study also strives to focus the civil and criminal liability, jurisdictions, rights and obligations of the coastal states with regard to the different maritime zones. Furthermore this study delineates the rules and extent of using these maritime zones in the light of various treaty provisions on the international law of the sea where different adjudicated cases are also presented along with a profound scrutiny upon their fact, issues, judgment and reasoning.
It is widely accepted that the principle of non-refoulement is the fundamental principle deep roo... more It is widely accepted that the principle of non-refoulement is the fundamental principle deep rooted in the conventional international practice for the protection of refugees. The influx of refugees can not be managed even by strict observance of the non-refoulement principle if the influx gets so gigantic form that it becomes a trans-boundary crisis of the world. Recent refugee crisis in Middle East and Europe caused by war in Syria and Iraq shows blatantly the limitation of the current laws and mechanisms to protect refugees. Over the centuries, societies have been welcoming the victims of persecution frightened and weary strangers. The protection of persecuted people has been of paramount concern to the world community since the establishment of the United Nations. The legal basis of international protection may be either the conventional international law or customary international law. This research, however, intends to explore the deeper meaning of persecution to get a better understanding of the refugee protection under the non-refoulement principle. It further seeks to scrutinize the formation of the principle of non-refoulement, find out the universal meaning of the prohibition of refoulement, to identify, analyze and compare in a systematic way the common features contained in the prohibitions of refoulement, to assess the human rights implication of this principle and to search the reformulation of the definition of non-refoulement principle in finding out the keys to the solution of big refugee crises.
The concept of human rights is not new but the implementation mechanisms of human rights at natio... more The concept of human rights is not new but the implementation mechanisms of human rights at national, regional and international level remain quite newer than the concept. The paper examines the implementation mechanisms of international human rights regime on governments' human rights practices. The paper put forward an explanation that highlights a " paradox of empty promises " by the governments in implementing human rights. The core argument of the authors is that the universal institutionalization of human rights has created an international context in which governments often ratify human rights treaties as a matter of window dressing, thoroughly decoupling guiding principle from practice and at times exacerbating off-putting human rights practices, but the embryonic global legitimacy of human rights exerts independent universal civil society effects that perk up states' actual human rights practices.
Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which ... more Human rights are said to be the inherent, universal, inalienable and indivisible rights to which we all are equally entitled without any discrimination as to race, religion, nationality, color, gender, language, place of birth or any other status. These rights are also called the interrelated, interdependent and self-evident rights. These rights cannot be divided or categorized, i.e., the human rights are obvious and all rights are equally important or one right cannot be emphasized over the other. The knowledge of human rights is a sine qua non for the accurate endurance of every human being of the planet. As a human being it is the duty of every person to know what are the human rights, what rights s/he belongs to and how these rights can be enjoyed without any obstruction from the other side. Simultaneously it is the obligation of every governmental and international authority or body to ensure the effective implementation of these rights so that no member of the human family becomes deprived of enjoying these and exposed to the consequences ensuing from the violation of any of these rights. This academic piece of research work strives to provide a wide definition of human rights, illustrate its significance and finally gives an overview of the international human rights as well. Another significant aim of this research is to focus the implementation mechanism of these rights in domestic, regional and international aspects. That is to say, it will look at the various mechanisms of enforcement within the universal system, regional system and at enforcement within the state. This article also intends to critically analyze the importance of increasing the respect and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for the overall development of human being.
This article aspires to deal and elucidate the recent trend of the fanaticism, evidenced in invol... more This article aspires to deal and elucidate the recent trend of the fanaticism, evidenced in involving young, smart and students in religious extremism in Bangladesh. The trend is very alarming and formidable and thus, it has become a serious signal to be concerned for immediate response by all state-corners. Religious radicalism in global perspective is not a new phenomenon but the new dimension here we have had in Bangladesh and the way we had to deal with the youngsters-extremists during the last couple of attacks and counter attacks are very indispensable to analyse its painstaking diversities. Bangladesh is a land of peaceful coexistence and we do have very good communal understanding regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, colour, sex, religions, regions and so forth. The perverted idealistic religious radicalism indeed exported from the Middle East-based various extremists groups but the followers are home-grown because of many intertwined reasons. This issue is very vital and it should be considered a priority-based agenda to be tackled with iron hand. However, the effort of this article is to develop a both realistic and idealistic prescription as to adopt instant measures in order to assure a peaceful milieu for all concerns.
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