Quantum zero-error source-channel coding and non-commutative graph theory

D Stahlke - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2015 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2015ieeexplore.ieee.org
Alice and Bob receive a bipartite state (possibly entangled) from some finite collection or
from some subspace. Alice sends a message to Bob through a noisy quantum channel such
that Bob may determine the initial state, with zero chance of error. This framework
encompasses, for example, teleportation, dense coding, entanglement assisted quantum
channel capacity, and one-way communication complexity of function evaluation. With
classical sources and channels, this problem can be analyzed using graph …
Alice and Bob receive a bipartite state (possibly entangled) from some finite collection or from some subspace. Alice sends a message to Bob through a noisy quantum channel such that Bob may determine the initial state, with zero chance of error. This framework encompasses, for example, teleportation, dense coding, entanglement assisted quantum channel capacity, and one-way communication complexity of function evaluation. With classical sources and channels, this problem can be analyzed using graph homomorphisms. We show this quantum version can be analyzed using homomorphisms on non-commutative graphs (an operator space generalization of graphs). Previously the Lovász ϑ number has been generalized to non-commutative graphs; we show this to be a homomorphism monotone, thus providing bounds on quantum source-channel coding. We generalize the Schrijver and Szegedy numbers, and show these to be monotones as well. As an application, we construct a quantum channel whose entanglement assisted zero-error one-shot capacity can only be unlocked using a non-maximally entangled state. These homomorphisms allow definition of a chromatic number for non-commutative graphs. Many open questions are presented regarding the possibility of a more fully developed theory.
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