BACKGROUND Helical and retrograde secondary flows have been recorded in the aorta, but
their origins and movements in relation to the arch have not been clarified. We set out to do …

Background In cardiac syndrome X (a syndrome characterized by typical angina, abnormal
exercise-test results, and normal coronary arteries), conventional investigations have not …

Through cardiac looping during embryonic development 1 , paths of flow through the mature
heart have direction changes and asymmetries whose topology and functional significance …

A method for determining flow by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is described.
A conventional spin-echo imaging sequence is employed with the addition of balanced …

Background— Measurement of myocardial iron is key to the clinical management of patients
at risk of siderotic cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance relaxation …

A review of cardiovascular clinical and research applications of MRI phase-contrast velocity
imaging, also known as velocity mapping or flow imaging. Phase-contrast basic principles, …

Purpose To assess tissue iron concentrations by the use of a gradient echo T2* multiecho
technique. Materials and Methods We compared the results of measurements of heart T2* …

We have used magnetic resonance imaging with cine velocity mapping to measure flow
wave velocity in the thoracic aorta of 20 healthy volunteers of different ages. We have also …

The multitude of applications offered by CMR make it an increasing popular modality to study
the heart and the surrounding vessels. Nevertheless the anatomical complexity of the chest…

Modern rapid magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have led to widespread use of
the modality in cardiac imaging. Despite this progress, many MR studies suffer from image …