Gutiérrez Rubio, E., Grischenko, A., Kislova, E., Kruk, D., Speed, T., Týrová, Z. (Eds.), Contributions to the 21st Annual Scientific Conference of the Association of Slavists (Polyslav). Wiesbaden, 211-220. (Die Welt der Slaven. Sammelbände/Сборники. 64.), 2018
Abstract: The article deals with the interaction of international and native prefixes and prefixo... more Abstract: The article deals with the interaction of international and native prefixes and prefixoids in Russian and Czech word formation. We explain the reasons for the inter- lingual asymmetry in this area: (1) the structural features of the language: e.g. in Czech, unlike in Russian, adverbs are easily turned into prefixes/prefixoids (rádoby-, skoro-, také-/taky-, etc.) and (2) language contacts (the expressive and colloquial morphemes truc- and monstr-, which were adopted into Czech from German and French and are not used in Russian). The final part of this article discusses processes common to both the Czech and Russian languages and caused by the influence of English (through the exam- ple of new meanings of the international prefix anti-).
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Slavic linguistics
The chapter analyses the system of typical markers, which make it possible to record and classify discrepancy with the reality or the vision of the norm in Russian as compared to Czech. A complex of international and original affixes and affixoids provides for the detailed segmentation of marking the discrepancy with the reality or the norm and enables it to express actual denotations concisely by derivational means (рус. псевдо-, квази-, фальш-, эрзац-, лже-, недо-, полу-, па-, ложно-, мнимо-, -оид, -видн(ый), -подобн(ый), -образн(ый); чеш. pseudo-, kvazi-, lži-, rádoby-, skoro-, téměř-, také-/taky-, pa-, jako-/jakoby-/jakože-, polo-, -oid, -vit(ý)). The interaction and competition of these formants is described with the use of the notion of semantic-derivational category (SDC). The core of the SDC is formed by the derivatives with Greek and Latin affixes псевдо-, квази-; pseudo-, kvazi-/quasi-, and in addition, лже- considered as a core element in Russian. Word-formation inventory of the closer and further periphery of the SDC reveals both similarities and differences of formants in Russian and Czech in terms of their origin, semantics, functional and stylistic load.
В предлагаемой статье рассмотрен один из разрядов сложносокращенных слов в современных славянских языках. Эти слова образованы по модели «начальная часть слова + целое слово», ср. рус. госпредприятие (← государственное предприятие), запчасти (← запасные части), студсоюз (← студенческий союз). Такой способ словообразования находится на пограничье между аббревиацией и словосложением, чем обусловлен ряд характерных свойств этих слов. Как справедливо указывается в Русской грамматике, «большая их группа не может быть строго отграничена от сложных существительных, ср.: спортплощадка-спорт, спортивная площадка; стенгазета-стена, стенная газета» (ЛОПАТИН 1980).
The object of analysis is a special type of reflexive constructions in Modern Czech. This type is constructed by the reflexive verbal form, the dative form of a noun or pronoun and an adverbial qualifier: Žije se mi dobře (impersonal construction); Písnička se mi zpívá dobře (personal construction).
The article deals with the names of trade, service and public catering enterprises with the prefix anti- (e. g. anti-café). The semantics of morpheme anti- in different types of names and in different contextual conditions is also analyzed.
continuousness is variously manifested in different Slavic languages. It is quite visible in the West Slavic languages, but questionable in Russian, where both types are less widespread. A possible factor for their usuality in the West Slavic seems to be the areal contact between these languages and German having partial isomorphic sentence-type with “indefinite pronoun” man.
Structural and functional-communicative properties of passive forms and constructions in the Czech language as compared to Russian are considered in the article. The main object of analysis are fi nite and impersonal refl exive-passive constructions (the status of the latter within the system of voice oppositions has remained controversial for a long time). After considering their structural properties, semantic dimensions and communicative potentialities a conclusion is made about their considerable functional independence and about the isolated and detached position of the refl exive forms within the framework of the category of voice.
Cultural studies
The article highlights little-known studies of Czech culture in Russia, written by Vladimír Macura (1945–1999), a Czech philologist, cultural historian, translator and writer, author of the books “The Sign of Birth (National Revival as a Type of Culture)”, “The Czech Dream” (about the most important Czech cultural constants), “Happy Time” (about the culture of the era of socialism), etc. Macura, who began as a linguist, even in his early publications demonstrated his passion for the ideas of the Moscow Tartu semiotic school: his reviews of “Works on Sign Systems” were regularly published in Czech scientific periodicals of the 1970s and 1980s, and references to the works of Yu.M. Lotman also appear in his later monographs, constructed, according to the author’s definition, as collections of “semiotic essays”. The influence of Tartu semiotics on Macura’s work is also considered.
The article focuses on the book of the Macedonian writer and researcher Venko Andonovski Living Semiotics (Skopje, 2011). The main function of this book is to be a semiotic lexicon, but it is much more varied in form than a regular lexicon. This is a kind of genre hybrid: being not only a researcher, but also a writer, Andonovski is quite free about the form of a book, including in its composition not only a lexicon, but also a “humorous scientific manifesto”, an essay and two articles. Andonovski’s book, valuable in that it draws connections between classical semiotics and later developed humanities and disciplines (for example, imagology). At the same time, Andonovski’s main message betrays in him not only a researcher and a writer, but also a publicist.
The article analyzes the reaction of Milan Kundera to the national trauma (the suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968) and the possible ways to overcome it, demonstrated in the essay. The reaction to the occupation of Czechoslovakia lies in the discursive and artistic planes: it is an appeal to the Central European identity and the formation of the myth of Central Europe as a space that is maximally opposed to the USSR and Russia («the maximum of different cultures on a minimum of territory»), and the memory of the values of baroque and modernism, which also mark this space – as opposed to «Russian sentimentality». Dostoevsky is declared by Kundera to be its main bearer.
The article examines the conceptualization of the Central European space in the “Variations on Central European Themes” by Danilo Kiš. Kiš actively participated in the “discussion about Central Europe” that began in the 1980s and developed his own understanding of this phenomenon. Central Europe as a special multinational space was also interesting for Kiš because of his biography: a Hungarian-Montenegrin Jew writing in Serbian (and moved to France), Kiš analyzed the relationship between small nations and the situation of minorities in this part of Europe (especially Jews, who not only “gave a certain color and tone to the Central European landscape”, but also acted as a “dynamic force”). The report also analyzes other key concepts that Kiš used modeling Central Europe (uncertainty of boundaries, nostalgia, etc.).
The chapter analyses the system of typical markers, which make it possible to record and classify discrepancy with the reality or the vision of the norm in Russian as compared to Czech. A complex of international and original affixes and affixoids provides for the detailed segmentation of marking the discrepancy with the reality or the norm and enables it to express actual denotations concisely by derivational means (рус. псевдо-, квази-, фальш-, эрзац-, лже-, недо-, полу-, па-, ложно-, мнимо-, -оид, -видн(ый), -подобн(ый), -образн(ый); чеш. pseudo-, kvazi-, lži-, rádoby-, skoro-, téměř-, také-/taky-, pa-, jako-/jakoby-/jakože-, polo-, -oid, -vit(ý)). The interaction and competition of these formants is described with the use of the notion of semantic-derivational category (SDC). The core of the SDC is formed by the derivatives with Greek and Latin affixes псевдо-, квази-; pseudo-, kvazi-/quasi-, and in addition, лже- considered as a core element in Russian. Word-formation inventory of the closer and further periphery of the SDC reveals both similarities and differences of formants in Russian and Czech in terms of their origin, semantics, functional and stylistic load.
В предлагаемой статье рассмотрен один из разрядов сложносокращенных слов в современных славянских языках. Эти слова образованы по модели «начальная часть слова + целое слово», ср. рус. госпредприятие (← государственное предприятие), запчасти (← запасные части), студсоюз (← студенческий союз). Такой способ словообразования находится на пограничье между аббревиацией и словосложением, чем обусловлен ряд характерных свойств этих слов. Как справедливо указывается в Русской грамматике, «большая их группа не может быть строго отграничена от сложных существительных, ср.: спортплощадка-спорт, спортивная площадка; стенгазета-стена, стенная газета» (ЛОПАТИН 1980).
The object of analysis is a special type of reflexive constructions in Modern Czech. This type is constructed by the reflexive verbal form, the dative form of a noun or pronoun and an adverbial qualifier: Žije se mi dobře (impersonal construction); Písnička se mi zpívá dobře (personal construction).
The article deals with the names of trade, service and public catering enterprises with the prefix anti- (e. g. anti-café). The semantics of morpheme anti- in different types of names and in different contextual conditions is also analyzed.
continuousness is variously manifested in different Slavic languages. It is quite visible in the West Slavic languages, but questionable in Russian, where both types are less widespread. A possible factor for their usuality in the West Slavic seems to be the areal contact between these languages and German having partial isomorphic sentence-type with “indefinite pronoun” man.
Structural and functional-communicative properties of passive forms and constructions in the Czech language as compared to Russian are considered in the article. The main object of analysis are fi nite and impersonal refl exive-passive constructions (the status of the latter within the system of voice oppositions has remained controversial for a long time). After considering their structural properties, semantic dimensions and communicative potentialities a conclusion is made about their considerable functional independence and about the isolated and detached position of the refl exive forms within the framework of the category of voice.
The article highlights little-known studies of Czech culture in Russia, written by Vladimír Macura (1945–1999), a Czech philologist, cultural historian, translator and writer, author of the books “The Sign of Birth (National Revival as a Type of Culture)”, “The Czech Dream” (about the most important Czech cultural constants), “Happy Time” (about the culture of the era of socialism), etc. Macura, who began as a linguist, even in his early publications demonstrated his passion for the ideas of the Moscow Tartu semiotic school: his reviews of “Works on Sign Systems” were regularly published in Czech scientific periodicals of the 1970s and 1980s, and references to the works of Yu.M. Lotman also appear in his later monographs, constructed, according to the author’s definition, as collections of “semiotic essays”. The influence of Tartu semiotics on Macura’s work is also considered.
The article focuses on the book of the Macedonian writer and researcher Venko Andonovski Living Semiotics (Skopje, 2011). The main function of this book is to be a semiotic lexicon, but it is much more varied in form than a regular lexicon. This is a kind of genre hybrid: being not only a researcher, but also a writer, Andonovski is quite free about the form of a book, including in its composition not only a lexicon, but also a “humorous scientific manifesto”, an essay and two articles. Andonovski’s book, valuable in that it draws connections between classical semiotics and later developed humanities and disciplines (for example, imagology). At the same time, Andonovski’s main message betrays in him not only a researcher and a writer, but also a publicist.
The article analyzes the reaction of Milan Kundera to the national trauma (the suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968) and the possible ways to overcome it, demonstrated in the essay. The reaction to the occupation of Czechoslovakia lies in the discursive and artistic planes: it is an appeal to the Central European identity and the formation of the myth of Central Europe as a space that is maximally opposed to the USSR and Russia («the maximum of different cultures on a minimum of territory»), and the memory of the values of baroque and modernism, which also mark this space – as opposed to «Russian sentimentality». Dostoevsky is declared by Kundera to be its main bearer.
The article examines the conceptualization of the Central European space in the “Variations on Central European Themes” by Danilo Kiš. Kiš actively participated in the “discussion about Central Europe” that began in the 1980s and developed his own understanding of this phenomenon. Central Europe as a special multinational space was also interesting for Kiš because of his biography: a Hungarian-Montenegrin Jew writing in Serbian (and moved to France), Kiš analyzed the relationship between small nations and the situation of minorities in this part of Europe (especially Jews, who not only “gave a certain color and tone to the Central European landscape”, but also acted as a “dynamic force”). The report also analyzes other key concepts that Kiš used modeling Central Europe (uncertainty of boundaries, nostalgia, etc.).