Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Jan 25, 2015
An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of non-traditional aetiology has been recently recogn... more An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of non-traditional aetiology has been recently recognized by health authorities as a public health priority in Central America. Previous studies have identified strenuous manual work, agricultural activities and residence at low altitude as potential risk factors; however, the aetiology remains unknown. Because individuals are frequently diagnosed with CKD in early adulthood, we measured biomarkers of kidney injury among adolescents in different regions of Nicaragua to assess whether kidney damage might be initiated during childhood. Participants include 200 adolescents aged 12-18 years with no prior work history from four different schools in Nicaragua. The location of the school served as a proxy for environmental exposures and geographic locations were selected to represent a range of factors that have been associated with CKD in adults (e.g. altitude, primary industry and CKD mortality rates). Questionnaires, urine dipsticks and kidney...
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Papers by Usman Khan
erasure faced by the Pashtuns in the formal educational institutions of
Pakistan. Besides this erasure, Pashtuns are seen as a suspect community in
the metanarrative and state discourse of Pakistan. This study aims to provide
an insight into ways that a group of Pashtuns resist the popular hegemonic
narrative of the state and provide an alternative narrative using spaces which
this study calls “informal spaces.” Qualitative research methods, including indepth
interviews, participant observation, and informal discussions are used
to collect data in the informal spaces that how the Pashtuns encounter the
assimilationist project of the state. Findings show that the Pashtuns are
stereotyped and suspected irrespective of their class, regional and tribal
affiliation. Their historical and political figures are erased in the formal
textbooks, and their language and cultural attire are synonymously and
interchangeably equated with the Taliban and terrorists in popular media.
Facing this marginalization and stigmatization in the metanarrative, a group
of the Pashtuns resist the popular image somewhat James Scott terms as
“resistance in disguise.” This study suggests that, for the nation-building
project, the state must follow an inclusive and democratic approach that
includes the historical, cultural, and political existence of the Pashtuns.
erasure faced by the Pashtuns in the formal educational institutions of
Pakistan. Besides this erasure, Pashtuns are seen as a suspect community in
the metanarrative and state discourse of Pakistan. This study aims to provide
an insight into ways that a group of Pashtuns resist the popular hegemonic
narrative of the state and provide an alternative narrative using spaces which
this study calls “informal spaces.” Qualitative research methods, including indepth
interviews, participant observation, and informal discussions are used
to collect data in the informal spaces that how the Pashtuns encounter the
assimilationist project of the state. Findings show that the Pashtuns are
stereotyped and suspected irrespective of their class, regional and tribal
affiliation. Their historical and political figures are erased in the formal
textbooks, and their language and cultural attire are synonymously and
interchangeably equated with the Taliban and terrorists in popular media.
Facing this marginalization and stigmatization in the metanarrative, a group
of the Pashtuns resist the popular image somewhat James Scott terms as
“resistance in disguise.” This study suggests that, for the nation-building
project, the state must follow an inclusive and democratic approach that
includes the historical, cultural, and political existence of the Pashtuns.