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Cadmium-exposed population in Mae Sot District, Tak Province: 4 bone mineral density in persons with high cadmium exposure

J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Dec;93(12):1451-7.

Abstract

Objective: To measure bone mineral density in cadmium-exposed persons aged 40 years and older that lived in the 12 contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand.

Material and method: Five hundred seventy three persons with urinary cadmium levels > or = 5 microg/g creatinine during the 2004-2006 surveys were screened in 2007 for urinary excretion of cadmium, bone formation and resorption markers, and renalfunction markers. Calcaneus bone density was measured in each person by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone scanner.

Results: The mean age of the study persons was 57 years old. The geometric mean level of urinary cadmium for women was significantly higher than that for men. Women had a lower mean of calcaneus bone density than men. The rate of osteoporosis in women (21.5%) was significantly higher than that for men (14.7%). Calcaneus bone density was negatively correlated with urinary excretion of calcium (in both genders) and crosslinked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (in women), after adjusting for other co-variables. Increasing urinary cadmium levels appeared to correlate with reduced bone density in women, but not in men. In both genders, urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was higher in persons with osteoporosis than those without.

Conclusion: Bone mineral loss is correlated with urinary cadmium levels and renal dysfunction in this female population.

MeSH terms

  • Absorptiometry, Photon
  • Acetylglucosaminidase / urine
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers
  • Bone Density*
  • Bone Resorption / epidemiology
  • Cadmium / toxicity
  • Cadmium / urine*
  • Calcaneus
  • Collagen Type I / urine
  • Creatinine / blood*
  • Environmental Exposure / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mass Screening
  • Middle Aged
  • Osteoporosis / epidemiology*
  • Peptides / urine
  • Population Surveillance
  • Sex Factors
  • Thailand / epidemiology
  • beta 2-Microglobulin / urine

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Collagen Type I
  • Peptides
  • beta 2-Microglobulin
  • collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide
  • Cadmium
  • Creatinine
  • Acetylglucosaminidase